The document discusses the evolving perception of nature throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, categorizing it into three aesthetic concepts: pastoral, picturesque, and sublime. It highlights how these concepts reflect humanity's varying relationship with nature, from control and sustenance to being humbled by its power. The text also mentions notable artists and their contributions to landscape painting during this period.

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2. The scenes are peaceful, often depicting ripe harvests,
lovely gardens, manicured lawns with broad vistas,
and fattened livestock. The Picturesque refers to
the charm of discovering the landscape in its natural
state. The Subline refers to the thrill and danger of
confronting untamed Nature and its overwhelming
forces, such as thunderstorms and deep chasms.
Whereas the Pastoral and Picturesque reference
mankind’s ability to control the natural world, the
Sublime is a humbling reminder that humanity is not
all-powerful. Sublime images show Nature at its
most fearsome. Humans are small and impotent in
front of its rage. The Sublime emphasizes God’s
dominion over humanity .
Over the course of the 18th century there was a
remarkable change in attitudes toward nature,
discoverable in all the arts, especially literature,
painting and landscape architecture. It culminated
in the Romantic landscape tradition in Europe and
America in the 19th century, the golden age of
landscape painting. It marked a major change in
the relationship of man to nature. Three aesthetic
concepts established during the Romantic era
divided the natural world into categories: the
Pastoral, the Picturesque, and the Sublime. The
first two represent Nature as a comforting source
of physical and spiritual sustenance. Pastoral
landscapes celebrate the dominion of mankind
over nature. natural state.

3. Brick Leo - Moonlit Night on the River

4. BrickLeo
ApondinMoscowinAutumn

5. Nikolay-Dubovskoy-1859–1918

8. CasparDavidFriedrich
MountainousRiverLandscape(NightVersion)

9. CasparDavidFriedrichMoonlitlandscape

10. Ivan Aivazovsky
(1817-1900)
The Ninth Wave is
Aivazovsky’s
"most celebrated
work“. He is
considered one of
the most
prominent
Russian artists
(especially in
marine art) and
one of the
greatest marine
artists of the 19th
century.

18. GeorgAntonRasmussen(1842-1914).
PierAtTheFjord

19. GeorgAntonRasmussen

23. AdelsteenNormann

26. AndersMonsenAskevold(1834-1900)
HarborintheSognefjord

29. JohnAtkinsonGrimshaw,NightfallontheThames,1880

30. Rain in an oak forest, Ivan Shishkin, 1891

31. SimeonMarcusLarson(1825-1864)
Swedishlandscapist

32. SimeonMarcusLarson

33. ArchipKuindshi,(1842,1910)
NightontheDnieperRiver

34. Arkhip Kuindzhi - Cypress in the Crimea, 1887

35. Arkhip Kuindzhi
Ukrainian Night, 1876

36. IsaacLevitan,AboveEternalPeace,1894.

38. Isaak Levitan - Fresh wind. Volga

40. Julius von Klever - Village on the island Nargen

42. • The Danish landscape painter Peder Mork Monsted
Hans Gude: Norskt landskap (1858)Hans Gude: Norskt landskap (1858)Hans Gude: Norskt landskap (1858)
Peder Mork Monsted (1859-1941)- leading Danish landscapist of his time

45. PederMorkMonsted

47. TheEveninginUkraine
KonstantinKryzhitsky

49. Joseph Mallord William Turner, The Park at Petworth House, c. 1830

51. FedorVasiliev1850–1873WetMeadows

52. 1850 – 18731850 – 1873

54. • Willard Leroy Metcalf

55. NikolayNikanorovichDubovskoy(1859–1918)
Silencehassettled(1890)

56. AlbertBierstadtAmongtheSierraNevadaMountains

57. AlbertBierstadt–(1839-1902)

58. AlbertBierstadt–ThelandingofColumbus

63. JohnConstable
WivenhoePark,
1816

64. John Constable

65. MuraviovVladimirLeodinovich(1861-1940)

66. Images and texts : Internet