This document summarizes a research project investigating the potential use of seaweed as a building insulation material. It provides an overview of the background and motivation for the research, methodology, and results. The methodology included harvesting different types of seaweed, performing preliminary testing on fire resistance and porosity, comparing thermal properties to existing insulations using a hot box method, and conducting a life cycle assessment using GaBi software. Key findings from the research included the seaweed materials having fire resistance class B2 or better and U-values between 0.35-0.44 W/m2K when tested in 100mm thick panels, which compared favorably to other natural insulations. The life cycle assessment found the seaweed insulation had lower
This document introduces Green Star, a sustainability rating system developed by the Green Building Council of Australia to assess buildings, fitouts, and communities. Green Star aims to improve environmental efficiency and sustainability in the built environment. It provides a framework of best practices and benchmarks that projects can be certified against. Projects certified under Green Star have been shown to use less energy and water, reduce emissions and waste, and improve health and productivity outcomes.
This document discusses various structural systems and design considerations for high-rise buildings. It covers core types and placements, structural systems like diagrid, tube structures and load-bearing walls. It also discusses services like parking layouts, elevator types and criteria, mechanical systems, and considerations for wind loads and natural ventilation challenges in tall buildings.
This document provides information about the core of a high-rise building. It defines a core as a vertical space used for circulation and services like elevators, staircases, and mechanical systems. Cores allow efficient distribution of these services to floors. The document discusses different core types and considerations for placement of mechanical and plumbing systems, as well as toilet access. Elevator types, sizes, and fire safety standards are also outlined.
The document provides descriptions of 31 architectural projects from around the world that feature the use of concrete in innovative ways. Many of the projects play with the plasticity and sculptural qualities of poured and cast concrete to create dramatic curved and angled forms, while others employ concrete's durability to blend structures into their natural landscapes. A few highlights include Zaha Hadid's dynamic Vitra Fire Station, Oscar Niemeyer's parabolic columns at the Cathedral of Brasilia, and Louis Kahn's monumental Salk Institute perched above the Pacific Ocean.
Rotating tower ( Dynamic Architecture) with Structural design aspectAbdul Rahman
The document discusses architect David Fisher's concept of "dynamic architecture", which involves buildings that can change shape over time. It then summarizes a proposed rotating skyscraper design in Dubai featuring revolving floors that could provide changing views. Various structural design challenges are analyzed, and alternative structural systems are proposed and evaluated. The most promising alternatives maintain the rotating concept while allowing for increased height and floor space.
This document summarizes different types of high-rise structures and provides case studies. It discusses braced frame structures, rigid frame structures, and infilled frame structures. Braced frames use diagonal bracing like X, K, or knee bracing to provide rigidity. Rigid frames have columns and girders joined together. Infilled frames use infill walls to stiffen and strengthen the structure. Case studies include the Central Plaza in Malaysia and Century Tower in Japan, which use K and knee bracing, and the Petronas Towers, which are a rigid frame structure.
High Rise the most common word in Modern Architecture. Here we made a Report on Vertical Circulation and Services of a High rise. Hope this will help you to Design a High rise.
The document discusses the history and development of skyscrapers. It begins by defining skyscrapers as buildings taller than 50 meters that are usually designed for office, commercial, and residential use. Early skyscrapers like the Home Insurance Building in Chicago were made possible by innovations like elevators and steel frameworks. Modern skyscrapers use materials like concrete, steel, and glass. The tallest building featured is Burj Khalifa in Dubai, which stands 828 meters tall and has 163 floors, making it the tallest man-made structure ever built. The document compares Burj Khalifa to the Home Insurance Building and details their differences in height, materials used, architectural style, and floor functions.
This document introduces Green Star, a sustainability rating system developed by the Green Building Council of Australia to assess buildings, fitouts, and communities. Green Star aims to improve environmental efficiency and sustainability in the built environment. It provides a framework of best practices and benchmarks that projects can be certified against. Projects certified under Green Star have been shown to use less energy and water, reduce emissions and waste, and improve health and productivity outcomes.
This document discusses various structural systems and design considerations for high-rise buildings. It covers core types and placements, structural systems like diagrid, tube structures and load-bearing walls. It also discusses services like parking layouts, elevator types and criteria, mechanical systems, and considerations for wind loads and natural ventilation challenges in tall buildings.
This document provides information about the core of a high-rise building. It defines a core as a vertical space used for circulation and services like elevators, staircases, and mechanical systems. Cores allow efficient distribution of these services to floors. The document discusses different core types and considerations for placement of mechanical and plumbing systems, as well as toilet access. Elevator types, sizes, and fire safety standards are also outlined.
The document provides descriptions of 31 architectural projects from around the world that feature the use of concrete in innovative ways. Many of the projects play with the plasticity and sculptural qualities of poured and cast concrete to create dramatic curved and angled forms, while others employ concrete's durability to blend structures into their natural landscapes. A few highlights include Zaha Hadid's dynamic Vitra Fire Station, Oscar Niemeyer's parabolic columns at the Cathedral of Brasilia, and Louis Kahn's monumental Salk Institute perched above the Pacific Ocean.
Rotating tower ( Dynamic Architecture) with Structural design aspectAbdul Rahman
The document discusses architect David Fisher's concept of "dynamic architecture", which involves buildings that can change shape over time. It then summarizes a proposed rotating skyscraper design in Dubai featuring revolving floors that could provide changing views. Various structural design challenges are analyzed, and alternative structural systems are proposed and evaluated. The most promising alternatives maintain the rotating concept while allowing for increased height and floor space.
This document summarizes different types of high-rise structures and provides case studies. It discusses braced frame structures, rigid frame structures, and infilled frame structures. Braced frames use diagonal bracing like X, K, or knee bracing to provide rigidity. Rigid frames have columns and girders joined together. Infilled frames use infill walls to stiffen and strengthen the structure. Case studies include the Central Plaza in Malaysia and Century Tower in Japan, which use K and knee bracing, and the Petronas Towers, which are a rigid frame structure.
High Rise the most common word in Modern Architecture. Here we made a Report on Vertical Circulation and Services of a High rise. Hope this will help you to Design a High rise.
The document discusses the history and development of skyscrapers. It begins by defining skyscrapers as buildings taller than 50 meters that are usually designed for office, commercial, and residential use. Early skyscrapers like the Home Insurance Building in Chicago were made possible by innovations like elevators and steel frameworks. Modern skyscrapers use materials like concrete, steel, and glass. The tallest building featured is Burj Khalifa in Dubai, which stands 828 meters tall and has 163 floors, making it the tallest man-made structure ever built. The document compares Burj Khalifa to the Home Insurance Building and details their differences in height, materials used, architectural style, and floor functions.
Green building rating system equire an integrated design process to create projects that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition
The document provides an introduction to advanced building materials. It discusses how materials are becoming more intelligent, interactive and responsive. It then classifies advanced building materials into intelligent materials that can sense and respond on their own, and interactive materials that require external commands to function. The document lists several material trends and properties of advanced materials, and outlines the aims and scope of studying these materials for sustainable construction. It provides examples of specific advanced materials like aerogel, lotusan paint and others, describing their composition, characteristics and applications.
This document provides information about space frames, cable structures, and folded plate structures. It defines a space frame as a truss-like, lightweight rigid structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can span large areas with few interior supports. Folded plates are assemblies of flat plates rigidly connected along their edges to form a structural system without additional beams. Cable structures derive their strength from tension forces in the cables rather than from bending or compression. Common cable structures include suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and cable-supported roofs.
High-rise buildings are tall structures that require elevators due to their height. They first emerged in dense urban areas in the 1880s in the US as land prices rose and steel frames and glass facades made taller buildings possible. By mid-20th century, high-rises had become standard in many countries. Key aspects of high-rise design include structural systems, unique design features using steel and concrete, and managing heavy vertical and wind loads on foundations and frames.
structure, technology and materials of highrise buildingsshahul130103
Structural loads on tall buildings include dead loads, live loads, and environmental loads from seismic activity, wind, and temperature changes. Tall buildings must have structural systems to effectively distribute these loads and resist lateral forces. Common structural typologies include interior moment frames, shear walls, outrigger systems, and exterior tube, diagrid, and bundled tube systems which use closely spaced columns and beams to act as a rigid perimeter wall. The structural forms vary based on the building material (concrete or steel) and optimize the building's ability to transfer loads vertically and resist lateral loads like wind and seismic forces.
As the flagship project for the next downtown Boston neighborhood slated for growth, Atlantic Wharf will be the city of Boston’s first LEED Gold mixed-use development. CBT Architects presents a case study on this new one million square foot project that includes approximately 65 residential units, ground-level retail and public spaces, six stories of below-grade parking, and 31 floors of office space that will bring urban activity directly to the Fort Point Channel water’s edge.
The new sustainable development is at the base of a series of restored and renovated historic structures that preserve the texture and streetscape of this site, integrated with a modern highrise glass tower. By preserving the south and east façades of the historic warehouses, using a very energy-efficient curtainwall, and employing green roof technologies, Atlantic Wharf will be the a centerpiece of Boston's green development.
Chris Ward from BREEAM looks at the recent alignment between BREEAM and the WELL Building Standard at the Constructing Excellence Sustainabilty Theme Group on 31 January 2017.
This document discusses different structural systems used for high-rise buildings, including belt truss systems, core truss systems, framed tube structures, bundled tube systems, tube-in-tube systems, and diagrid systems. It also covers common construction materials like concrete and steel, different foundation types, and construction methods like slip forming, climb forming, table forming, system column formwork, and vertical panel systems.
The document discusses the perplex of parking requirements, aiming to find a balance between standardization and customization that considers local context. It analyzes parking standards in the Egyptian code and 4 US case studies, identifying key determinants of parking demand. The paper explores innovative alternatives to reduce demand and studies developing guidelines for calculating parking needs in existing developments, while new developments are the subject of another study. The scope is limited to studying parking space amounts for existing developments.
Library of Birmingham Case Study PresentationDaden Limited
The Library of Birmingham was a £188.8m project to build an iconic new Central Library of Birmingham. In 2010, Daden developed an immersive model - working from architects plans - for use by Library staff to plan the use of the new building and to engage with the community. Daden delivered the immersive build in Dec 2010 and then opened to the public to explore in April 2011, 2 years before the real build was complete.
Plan de travail
Introduction
Les Objectives.
L’analyse des Amphithéâtres
L’analyse des classes
L’analyse des salles de séminaire.
L’analyse des salles de formation à distance.
L’analyse des passages ( Couloires ).
L’analyse des postes de travail de l'instructeur ( L’enseignant ).
Les problèmes de conformité et les exigences particulières: ‘’ les handicapés ‘’.
Les solutions pour les ( ADA ).
Les circulation Horizontales et Verticales
Les Parkings
Les équipements
This document analyzes the facades of three commercial buildings in Bandung, Indonesia - Perahu Jeans Factory Outlet, Amaris Hotel, and Sapulidi Restaurant - based on Rob Krier's theory of facade components. It identifies the key facade elements of each building, including portals, entrances, ground floors, windows, doors, signs, ornaments, and roofs. The document also discusses the functions and geometry shapes represented in the buildings' designs. Color sketches are provided to simulate graphic analyses of the facades.
The document discusses diagrid structural systems used in tall buildings. A diagrid system uses a triangular configuration of diagonal members on the building facade instead of vertical columns. This provides structural efficiency by resisting lateral loads through axial forces in the diagonals rather than bending in columns. Diagrid structures have fewer obstructions, allowing greater design flexibility. Optimal diagrid module angles are between 60-70 degrees. Examples of diagrid buildings mentioned include the Swiss Re Tower in London and Guangzhou West Tower in China.
Design, Structure, Construction and Analysis of Burj Al Arab, DubaiAr. Md Shahroz Alam
The Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai is shaped like a sailboat to resemble shipping history. Built on an artificial island, it was the tallest hotel in the world at completion in 1999. The architecture firm designed the hotel to have an exoskeleton frame with bracing and a central spine to transfer lateral loads and resist forces. An atrium is enclosed by a teflon-coated fiberglass membrane on arched trusses.
This document provides an overview of green buildings, including definitions, concepts, benefits, features, rating systems, case studies, techniques, economics, and conclusions. It compares the LEED and GRIHA rating systems, outlines the criteria they evaluate, and shows their rating distributions. A case study of the Suzlon One Earth building in Pune is presented, highlighting its renewable energy systems, water and waste management strategies, and green transportation features.
IRJET- Planning, Analysis and Design of an Auditorium BuildingIRJET Journal
This document discusses the planning, analysis, and design of an auditorium building using various software programs. The building is a G+1 structure with a tee-shaped plan area of 1100 square meters intended to seat 400 people. STAAD Pro software was used to model and analyze the structure, calculating loads, bending moments, and shear forces. The structure was designed using the limit state method according to Indian codes IS 456 for concrete and IS 800 for steel. AutoCAD was used for structural drawings and reinforcement detailing. The analysis and design of structural elements like slabs, beams, columns, footings, and stairs are described.
This is a seminar made on sustainable architecture, containing
INTRODUCTION
NEED
METHODS
ELEMENTS
PRINCIPLES
DESIGN STRATEGY
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
TYPES
EXAMPLES
REFERENCES.
The document summarizes research testing the effects of doping magnesium aluminate spinel with 100 ppm of magnesia (MgO). Scanning electron microscopy showed the MgO-doped spinel had increased grain growth and abnormal large grains compared to undoped spinel. Vickers microindentation showed the doped spinel had decreased hardness and slightly increased fracture toughness. Infrared spectroscopy transmission testing found doping with 100 ppm MgO did not significantly reduce spinel's infrared transmission.
Durability of Concrete by Adding Basalt FibreIRJET Journal
This study investigated the effect of adding basalt fiber on the durability of concrete. Three concrete mixes were tested: a control mix without fiber (0%), and mixes with 1% and 2% basalt fiber by weight of cement. Tests conducted included water permeability, rapid chloride permeability, and sorptivity. The results showed that the 1% fiber mix performed best in all tests, indicating an optimum dosage for improved durability. Water permeability was lowest at 15mm and chloride permeability was lowest at 2472 coulombs for the 1% mix. Sorptivity was also lowest at 1.67mm for this mix. In conclusion, the addition of 1% basalt fiber improved the concrete's durability by reducing permeability to
Green building rating system equire an integrated design process to create projects that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition
The document provides an introduction to advanced building materials. It discusses how materials are becoming more intelligent, interactive and responsive. It then classifies advanced building materials into intelligent materials that can sense and respond on their own, and interactive materials that require external commands to function. The document lists several material trends and properties of advanced materials, and outlines the aims and scope of studying these materials for sustainable construction. It provides examples of specific advanced materials like aerogel, lotusan paint and others, describing their composition, characteristics and applications.
This document provides information about space frames, cable structures, and folded plate structures. It defines a space frame as a truss-like, lightweight rigid structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can span large areas with few interior supports. Folded plates are assemblies of flat plates rigidly connected along their edges to form a structural system without additional beams. Cable structures derive their strength from tension forces in the cables rather than from bending or compression. Common cable structures include suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, and cable-supported roofs.
High-rise buildings are tall structures that require elevators due to their height. They first emerged in dense urban areas in the 1880s in the US as land prices rose and steel frames and glass facades made taller buildings possible. By mid-20th century, high-rises had become standard in many countries. Key aspects of high-rise design include structural systems, unique design features using steel and concrete, and managing heavy vertical and wind loads on foundations and frames.
structure, technology and materials of highrise buildingsshahul130103
Structural loads on tall buildings include dead loads, live loads, and environmental loads from seismic activity, wind, and temperature changes. Tall buildings must have structural systems to effectively distribute these loads and resist lateral forces. Common structural typologies include interior moment frames, shear walls, outrigger systems, and exterior tube, diagrid, and bundled tube systems which use closely spaced columns and beams to act as a rigid perimeter wall. The structural forms vary based on the building material (concrete or steel) and optimize the building's ability to transfer loads vertically and resist lateral loads like wind and seismic forces.
As the flagship project for the next downtown Boston neighborhood slated for growth, Atlantic Wharf will be the city of Boston’s first LEED Gold mixed-use development. CBT Architects presents a case study on this new one million square foot project that includes approximately 65 residential units, ground-level retail and public spaces, six stories of below-grade parking, and 31 floors of office space that will bring urban activity directly to the Fort Point Channel water’s edge.
The new sustainable development is at the base of a series of restored and renovated historic structures that preserve the texture and streetscape of this site, integrated with a modern highrise glass tower. By preserving the south and east façades of the historic warehouses, using a very energy-efficient curtainwall, and employing green roof technologies, Atlantic Wharf will be the a centerpiece of Boston's green development.
Chris Ward from BREEAM looks at the recent alignment between BREEAM and the WELL Building Standard at the Constructing Excellence Sustainabilty Theme Group on 31 January 2017.
This document discusses different structural systems used for high-rise buildings, including belt truss systems, core truss systems, framed tube structures, bundled tube systems, tube-in-tube systems, and diagrid systems. It also covers common construction materials like concrete and steel, different foundation types, and construction methods like slip forming, climb forming, table forming, system column formwork, and vertical panel systems.
The document discusses the perplex of parking requirements, aiming to find a balance between standardization and customization that considers local context. It analyzes parking standards in the Egyptian code and 4 US case studies, identifying key determinants of parking demand. The paper explores innovative alternatives to reduce demand and studies developing guidelines for calculating parking needs in existing developments, while new developments are the subject of another study. The scope is limited to studying parking space amounts for existing developments.
Library of Birmingham Case Study PresentationDaden Limited
The Library of Birmingham was a £188.8m project to build an iconic new Central Library of Birmingham. In 2010, Daden developed an immersive model - working from architects plans - for use by Library staff to plan the use of the new building and to engage with the community. Daden delivered the immersive build in Dec 2010 and then opened to the public to explore in April 2011, 2 years before the real build was complete.
Plan de travail
Introduction
Les Objectives.
L’analyse des Amphithéâtres
L’analyse des classes
L’analyse des salles de séminaire.
L’analyse des salles de formation à distance.
L’analyse des passages ( Couloires ).
L’analyse des postes de travail de l'instructeur ( L’enseignant ).
Les problèmes de conformité et les exigences particulières: ‘’ les handicapés ‘’.
Les solutions pour les ( ADA ).
Les circulation Horizontales et Verticales
Les Parkings
Les équipements
This document analyzes the facades of three commercial buildings in Bandung, Indonesia - Perahu Jeans Factory Outlet, Amaris Hotel, and Sapulidi Restaurant - based on Rob Krier's theory of facade components. It identifies the key facade elements of each building, including portals, entrances, ground floors, windows, doors, signs, ornaments, and roofs. The document also discusses the functions and geometry shapes represented in the buildings' designs. Color sketches are provided to simulate graphic analyses of the facades.
The document discusses diagrid structural systems used in tall buildings. A diagrid system uses a triangular configuration of diagonal members on the building facade instead of vertical columns. This provides structural efficiency by resisting lateral loads through axial forces in the diagonals rather than bending in columns. Diagrid structures have fewer obstructions, allowing greater design flexibility. Optimal diagrid module angles are between 60-70 degrees. Examples of diagrid buildings mentioned include the Swiss Re Tower in London and Guangzhou West Tower in China.
Design, Structure, Construction and Analysis of Burj Al Arab, DubaiAr. Md Shahroz Alam
The Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai is shaped like a sailboat to resemble shipping history. Built on an artificial island, it was the tallest hotel in the world at completion in 1999. The architecture firm designed the hotel to have an exoskeleton frame with bracing and a central spine to transfer lateral loads and resist forces. An atrium is enclosed by a teflon-coated fiberglass membrane on arched trusses.
This document provides an overview of green buildings, including definitions, concepts, benefits, features, rating systems, case studies, techniques, economics, and conclusions. It compares the LEED and GRIHA rating systems, outlines the criteria they evaluate, and shows their rating distributions. A case study of the Suzlon One Earth building in Pune is presented, highlighting its renewable energy systems, water and waste management strategies, and green transportation features.
IRJET- Planning, Analysis and Design of an Auditorium BuildingIRJET Journal
This document discusses the planning, analysis, and design of an auditorium building using various software programs. The building is a G+1 structure with a tee-shaped plan area of 1100 square meters intended to seat 400 people. STAAD Pro software was used to model and analyze the structure, calculating loads, bending moments, and shear forces. The structure was designed using the limit state method according to Indian codes IS 456 for concrete and IS 800 for steel. AutoCAD was used for structural drawings and reinforcement detailing. The analysis and design of structural elements like slabs, beams, columns, footings, and stairs are described.
This is a seminar made on sustainable architecture, containing
INTRODUCTION
NEED
METHODS
ELEMENTS
PRINCIPLES
DESIGN STRATEGY
SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS
RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
TYPES
EXAMPLES
REFERENCES.
The document summarizes research testing the effects of doping magnesium aluminate spinel with 100 ppm of magnesia (MgO). Scanning electron microscopy showed the MgO-doped spinel had increased grain growth and abnormal large grains compared to undoped spinel. Vickers microindentation showed the doped spinel had decreased hardness and slightly increased fracture toughness. Infrared spectroscopy transmission testing found doping with 100 ppm MgO did not significantly reduce spinel's infrared transmission.
Durability of Concrete by Adding Basalt FibreIRJET Journal
This study investigated the effect of adding basalt fiber on the durability of concrete. Three concrete mixes were tested: a control mix without fiber (0%), and mixes with 1% and 2% basalt fiber by weight of cement. Tests conducted included water permeability, rapid chloride permeability, and sorptivity. The results showed that the 1% fiber mix performed best in all tests, indicating an optimum dosage for improved durability. Water permeability was lowest at 15mm and chloride permeability was lowest at 2472 coulombs for the 1% mix. Sorptivity was also lowest at 1.67mm for this mix. In conclusion, the addition of 1% basalt fiber improved the concrete's durability by reducing permeability to
An Experimental Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Treated Bamboo Reinfor...ijtsrd
Recently, in the attention in response to global warming issues and sustainable society, the manufacturing using natural materials has become actively. Bamboo, low cost, fast growing, and broad distribution of growth, is expected to contribute significantly to earthquake resistant construction and seismic retrofit technology in the developing countries. This paper investigates the mechanical properties of bamboo reinforced concrete beams. It compares these experimental results of bamboo reinforced concrete beams with the experimental ones of reinforced concrete beams and the mechanical property of the bamboo reinforced concrete beams is studied. From these experimental works, the possibility of effective using of ‘Bamboo is discussed. Gowtham M | A. Alex Rajesh "An Experimental Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Treated Bamboo Reinforced Concrete Beams" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42316.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/civil-engineering/42316/an-experimental-study-on-mechanical-characteristics-of-treated-bamboo-reinforced-concrete-beams/gowtham-m
IRJET- Meliorate Strength of Concrete by using Fly AshIRJET Journal
This document discusses research into improving the strength of concrete by using fly ash. Three key points:
1. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can be used to partially replace cement in concrete, improving strength, load capacity, and durability. The research involved testing concrete samples with different fly ash and additive proportions.
2. Testing of the concrete samples found that compressive strength and resistance to permeability and abrasion increased with the addition of fly ash, with optimum results at a 70% replacement of cement with fly ash.
3. The study concludes that fly ash concrete composites can meet construction requirements if given sufficient curing time and by optimizing the additives and their proportions. Further research
Effect of Fired Clay on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Un- plastic...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF DIE FOR BLOW FORMINGvijayabashkar
The document describes the design and fabrication of a die for blow forming aluminum alloy Al 6063 sheets through a superplastic forming process. Key points:
- Al 6063 disks were gas pressure formed into hemispheres using an in-house designed forming apparatus at 5800C. Dome height was measured for different forming pressures.
- The die design included a male and female die with a hemispherical cavity of 30mm diameter. Calculations were performed to determine the thickness, strain, and stress on the formed part.
- Blow forming tests were successfully conducted using the fabricated die to form Al 6063 sheets at different temperatures and pressures. This allows for producing lightweight automotive components through superplastic forming.
Bulletproof vests use ceramic inserts for protection. Ceramics like alumina and boron carbide are commonly used as they pulverize upon impact, absorbing energy. Alumina is cheaper but has lower strength. Ceramic inserts are manufactured via viscous plastic processing and extrusion to shape the ceramic-binder mixture into complex forms before drying and sintering. Researchers are improving ceramics' energy absorption abilities. Local manufacturers like Stec Advance Equip produce bulletproof vests using imported ceramic inserts.
Bulletproof vest or body armour is defensive gear to withstand or avoid them for physical attacks. This is traditionally used in the protection of military personnel and is generally often used in various forms of police (in particular the riot police); private security guards or bodyguards; and, at times, ordinary civilians.
Currently , there are two primary styles: standard body armor for moderate to substantial defense and hard-plate reinforced body armor for maximum protection, as used by military combatants.
DEVELOPMENT OF NEEDLE PUNCHED NONWOVEN FABRIC FROM TEXTILE FIBER WASTES FOR T...GokulRajK19
The document discusses the development of needle punched nonwoven fabrics from textile fiber wastes for use as thermal insulation materials. It aims to utilize comber noil, silk cocoon waste, and recycled polyester fibers to produce nonwoven fabrics and evaluate their thermal and sound insulation properties. Five different nonwoven samples were produced with different fiber compositions and tested for properties like thickness, density, porosity, liquid absorption, thermal conductivity, sound absorption, and degradation performance. The results showed that the recycled fiber nonwovens have potential as sustainable alternatives to traditional insulation materials like fiberglass.
The document describes the elaboration and characterization of porous ceramic-metal composite (cermet) membrane supports made from mixtures of kaolin clay and aluminum powder. The supports were prepared by dry pressing and sintering at 1250°C. Characterization showed that adding aluminum to the kaolin matrix improved the supports' water permeability, mechanical strength, and hydrophilicity. However, surface charge was not affected by the aluminum addition. Filtration experiments indicated the 4% aluminum composite support could be used to purify dye-containing water.
The document describes the design and fabrication of a MEMS capacitive microphone. MEMS microphones use a micro-machined diaphragm to detect sound waves and convert them to electrical signals. This microphone was fabricated using a silicon wafer with a sputtered aluminum backplate and photoresist sacrificial layer. Layers of silicon dioxide, aluminum and photoresist were patterned to create the diaphragm, anchors and backplate. The sacrificial layer was then removed to release the diaphragm. Testing showed the microphone could successfully detect sounds when connected to an external amplifier. Applications of MEMS microphones include phones, hearing aids, and audio recording equipment.
This document discusses paper-crete, a building material made from recycled paper, cement, and sand. It provides details on the material's composition and properties. The objective of the project was to design and test paper-crete wall panels. Several mixes were tested by casting cubes with different ratios of materials. The cubes were cured and tested to determine compressive strength after 7 and 28 days. Results showed compressive strengths ranging from 1.35 to 4.85 MPa depending on the mix, with oven drying increasing strength compared to air drying. The conclusion is that paper-crete is a lighter alternative to bricks for inner wall construction.
An experimental study was conducted to compare the energy performance of buildings insulated with spray polyurethane foam (SPF), mineral wool, and extruded polystyrene. Four test buildings were constructed and monitored over two years. Results showed that SPF provided the best energy savings. Under winter conditions, SPF saved an estimated 6-10% more energy costs compared to mineral wool and extruded polystyrene. Under summer conditions, SPF saved an estimated 21-34% more energy costs. The study demonstrated that full-scale testing can accurately evaluate the real-world performance of insulation materials.
IRJET- Fabrication and Characterization of Nano Flyash Reinforced Polymer Lam...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on fabricating and testing nano fly ash reinforced polymer laminates. Fly ash particles sized 45-60 nm were mixed at concentrations of 0-3% by weight in an epoxy matrix. Laminate samples were produced and tested for tensile strength, flexural modulus, and hardness according to ASTM standards. Test results showed that strength and modulus increased up to 2% fly ash then decreased at 3%. Hardness increased up to 2% fly ash then decreased at 3%. Failure analysis using SEM showed the failure mechanisms and that fly ash particles reduced crack propagation. The addition of fly ash particles thus improved the mechanical properties of the laminates up to an optimal level of 2% by weight.
Impact of selective surface on perfarmance of solarnaga rajan
The document presents a research project comparing four materials - copper, aluminum, mild steel, and stainless steel - as absorber plates for solar collectors. The researchers coated samples of each material with different paints and measured their optical properties. They found that copper had the highest absorbance. Future work includes fabricating selective surface coatings on the materials and analyzing their absorptivity and emissivity to determine the most efficient absorber plate material and coating.
The document summarizes advancements in composite materials for wind turbine blades presented at a 2016 workshop. It discusses how composite materials have enabled longer and lighter blades through increased stiffness, strength, and fatigue performance. Higher modulus glass fibers and new fabric technologies have improved laminate properties, allowing for larger blade sizes and reduced cost of energy. Advanced modeling and testing help optimize blade design and reliability.
APEX focuses on soil erosion control products made from coir fiber. They produce coir geotextiles and coir logs. Coir geotextiles are mats made from coconut husk fibers that are durable and help prevent soil erosion. Coir logs are long cylindrical structures made of densely packed coir fibers within a twine netting that are used to stabilize slopes and banks from erosion. APEX provides these products at various sizes and specifications to customers internationally and is certified in quality management.
This document summarizes a student project to study the material properties of paper-crete. Paper-crete is made from repulped paper fiber, Portland cement, and clay, and is considered an environmentally friendly building material. The objective of the project was to test different mixtures of paper-crete and curing methods. Test results showed that cubes cured in an oven had higher compressive strength than those cured in air. The mixture with the highest cement content achieved the greatest strength. In conclusion, paper-crete has potential for use in inner walls and as a lightweight building material.
Similar to Lambourne J_Seaweed as an Insulation - Thesis Presentation (20)
Lambourne J_Seaweed as an Insulation - Thesis Presentation
1. An Investigation into Seaweed as a potential Building Insulation product c12700655 Jack Lambourne T9 - Final Presentation
Introduction
Seaweed/Seagrass Types, descriptions & Characteristics
Site Visit - Spiddal, Co.Galway - Harvesting Seaweed
Comparing Existing Insulation - Sheep’s Wool, Hemp Wool & RockWool
Primary Testing - Using GaBi to Perform a Life Cycle Assessment on Seaweed Manufacturing
Conclusion & Future Application
Overview
“Sustainability is the capacity to endure; it is how biological systems remain
.
Seaweed is a natural, sustainable material that can be easily obtained from
. I m
mm m . T m -
ods have discovered the various uses of it in several industries such as hu-
man food, seaweed baths, cosmetics, agricultural fertilizers, liquid seaweed
m m . M -
search examines seaweed as a potential building insulation based on existing
m m G m D m . I
- I
m m T I
m . I
.
M I . T
m .
T m mm m
A m. A m mm
m m m I m C M . A -
m mm I -
.
Aim
T m
. I m
m m
m . A 100 -
ural material, it would require virtually no energy to produce, having a positive
. T m
m .
Brief History on Seaweed
Seaweed refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine al-
. T m m m m
. S
m . . T
.
Objectives
I m
appropriate characteristics required to function as a building insulation
.
C I m
termine the characteristics of each seaweed as a possible building insula
.
C m
N m IR .
D
which are to be tested for its thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and
-V .
• Develop a seaweed based building insulation product based on existing
m m .
Motivation
M m m m m m
. I
m G . T -
m m m . I
m m m
it was possible to establish traditional methods to use natural resources given
. A m m m
I
m . F m m m
. T -
m m CH . T m I
gain from him is very useful from an energy & sustainability perspective on my
. T
.
S m . T -
m m
. S -
m m -
. T m m m
. S
.
Methodology
I
m LCA
. I m m -
al has the characteristics necessary to be utilised as an insulation product
m m m . I
m m -
ation until its end through various thermal energy tests and data already
. A BIM M R
m m S H L . T m
used to form the structure piece by piece to fully engage with the use of the
.
M m
S H m W R . T m
m
. I m -
. B m -
R H m
100mm. I m V
m . T m
m m m . T m
m m . T
existing thermal properties of sheep’s wool, hemp wool, Neptutherm, Eel-
R m
I .
Another section was showing in detail the main testing methods that were
m I -
. S m m
than others but are all crucial in the development of the research under-
. T
m m . O -
er tests include the use of a hot box to calculate thermal conductivity and
-V .
T m
. m
myself personally and the external testing involves several companies aid-
m . T m C
T m V . E -
.
Example of an existing seaweed - Kombu
Example of an existing seaweed - Posidonia Oceanica (Neptune Grass)
Seaweed is used globally in the food industry & for pharmaceuticals
Eelgrass
I S K m m -
nates sandy and muddy sediments in coastal areas of low to moderate wave
. I m S m
2-4 m . I 5-35 . T
m . I
M S H .
T m
L . T
m . I m -
m . A -
cle analysis was carried out on this material to characterize it as an insulation
m .
External View of Seaweed House
Floor Construction 0.09 W m
25 180 mm
2 45 mm
90 mm m
insulation between;
E m
245 mm
12 mm m -
45 195 mm m.
1:20 Section through Wall & Roof
Roof Construction
R 0.11 W m
R
. 300 mm -
tal,
2 30 mm
25 45 mm
boards,
21 121 mm -
tion in-between,
245 mm m m OSB-3
panel,
12 mm 3.2 mm
seaweed insulation,
100 mm -
covering; cotton inner iayer rendered
-
Detail of Wall and floor connectionDetail of wall and floor connection at front elevation
Exploded View of the Wall Build-up
Introduction
T -
m . M
m m M E N I G
m m
.
T W I
. I m m
m mm I .
T m mm I m A m N -
m E W L m D K F V B
W .
T -
. W -
m . T
m 20 m m . T
. I m -
. T
.
T m S
C G m . T m m
.
NUI Galway
Map of Ireland Showing location of Spiddal, Co. Galway
Location map of Spiddal, Co. Galway showing the harvesting site
Risk Assessment Report from the site visit to Spiddal, co. Galway
Photo of Bladder Wrack Egg Wrack growing over rocks
The Martin Ryan Institute building in NUI Galway
NUI Galway campus map showing location of Martin Ryan Institute
Close up of Bladder Wrack Ripe Egg Wrack Demonstration of Seaweed cutting
My harvesting of the seaweed Cutting the egg wrack myself Placing it into a harvesting bag
Seaweed continues to be cut 25000 tons harvested annually Seaweed is pulled as long as 1.5m
View of seaweed beside the lake View of harvested seaweed Close up of the kelp on the beach
Example of a seaweed holdfast Close up of Egg Wrack
3D Overall Render of the Modern Seaweed House
3D Overall Render of the Modern Seaweed House
3D of Roof & Floor Junction
View of the Constructed Modern Seaweed House, Laeso.
Roof Construction 0.11 W m
R
. 300 mm -
tal,
2 30 mm
25 45 mm
boards,
21 121 mm -
lation in-between,
245 mm m m OSB-3
panel,
12 mm 3.2 mm
seaweed insulation,
100 mm -
covering; cotton inner iayer rendered
-
Wall Construction 0.14W m2
150mm N S
45mm 150mm m
25mm 45mm V L
245mm E S
12mm OSB
25mm H L
25mm V B
3D of Roof Apex
Harvesting Egg Wrack, Kelp and Bladder Wrack
Mixture of Seaweed Types on the beach
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is import-
m m . O I
focused on hemp wool insulation in a structural panel and analyzed its thermal
m .
I m -V 0.44 W m2K. A -
face humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this particular
. A m m-
mm m . T m
. M m -
.
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is im-
portant to be able to compare it to existing products in the Various calculations
-V 100mm
m . T m
.
I S -V 0.35 W m2K. A
surface humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this par-
. A m m-
mm m . O
m .
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is import-
ant to be able to compare it to existing products in the Various calculations have
-V 100mm -
m . T m -
R .
I R -V 0.36 W m2K. A -
face humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this particular
. A m m -
mm m . A m
.
Thermal Conductivity : 0.039 W m2
K
Density : 25 m3
Fire Resistance Class : B2
Available thickness (mm) : 160 180 220 300
Thermal Conductivity : 0.034 W m2
K
Density : 45 m3
Fire Resistance Class : A1
Available thickness (mm) : 30 40 50 60 5 100
Thermal Conductivity : 0.039 W m2
K
Density : 35 m3
Fire Resistance Class : E
Available thickness (mm) : 50 5 100
Hemp Wool Panel Rock Wool Panel Sheep’s Wool Panel
Characteristics Characteristics Characteristics
Sample consists of plywood panels either side Sample consists of plywood panels either side Sample consists of plywood panels either side
Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity
Interstitial Condensation per calendar month Interstitial Condensation per calendar month Interstitial Condensation per calendar month
Primary Testing - Preliminary Testing - Bladder Wrack , Egg Wrack & Kelp - Fire & Porosity Tests
BuildDesk Software
B D
B R E -
m C .
- .
I C R A CRA
m m .
• Easy-to-use and graphically oriented for the fast assessment of build
m .
• Extensive database containing generic as well as branded building
m .
I m B D -
. I -
formation regarding key aspects of building physics, such as calculation of
m C R A .
Condensation Risk Analysis
T B D m C R A
BS5250 2002 BS EN ISO 13 88 2002 -
sesses the risk of both surface and interstitial condensation occurring for
. m - -
. I
m m m . C
the design in the U-value calculation automatically update the condensation
m mm .
R mm
m m. T mm m -
m m BS EN 13 88 2001. A
tick and text indicates a passed assessment whilst a red exclamation mark
m m . A m mm
shows the likely position of any condensation in a simple section through the
. M
m .
Overview
M m
S H m W R . T m -
m -
. I m
. B m
R H m 100mm.
I m V
m . T m
m m m . T m -
m m . T -
isting thermal properties of sheep’s wool, hemp wool, Neptutherm, Eelgrass
R m I
.
Example of Saturation Pressure and Vapour Pressure
A m I
m LCA .
F m G B I m . T
is an important step in the long run of analyzing the potential of seaweed
.
L C A m
• Design for Environment
E -
• Eco-design
A GW C 2 m m
m m . 56 C 2
e was pro-
KG . T m m-
m .
W m -
m 1.84 M . T
m m .
T m . I
1.42 KG . T
m m 250 KG .
W m
2.2 S 2 KG. T m
m .
T m
L I . T m -
tential, photochemical ozone potential, energy consumption and water consump-
. T m m . T m N -
m S I .
T m m
m . B
m . I
. I m -
m m m .
T m C 2 m . T
G B . S m m
m m G B . T
results from this assessment will then be compared directly to existing materials
R W H m W .
Main Results from Life Cycle AssessmentBody of Content generated from GaBi software
The comparison of Global Warming Potential to existing insulation
The comparison of Photochemical Ozone Potential to insulations
The comparison of Energy Consumption to existing insulation
The comparison of Water Consumption to existing insulation
Carbon Dioxide contribution of the manufacturing process - Inputs
Carbon Dioxide contribution of the manufacturing process - Outputs
Main gases contributing to GWP in seaweed insulation production
Pie chart of Co2 contributions in the manufacturing process Carbon Dioxide Output Emissions based on 1 tonne of harvested seaweed
Proposed plan and process to manufacture seaweed insulation based on 1 tonne of seaweed production
Plan and process for seaweed insulation based on 1 kilogram of seaweed The comparison of GaBi Results to existing insulation materials
Overview of GaBi plan & process
T G B m L C
A m LCA m S I . S m m
m m m m G B
m m M E LCA -
S . T C G
G D C C
m .
. T m -
. A m
m m - . A S
m m .
EGGWRACKKELPKELP
W 100 m
W W 180 m
Note: T
bladder wrack increased its
80 m .
W 100 m
W W 140 m
Note: T
wrack increased its weight by
40 m .
W 100 m
W W 120 m
Note: T
20 m
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W K -
5
. W
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W E W
20
. W
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W
5
. W
.
Fire Resistance tests of Seaweeds
BLADDERWRACK
Porosity tests of Seaweeds
BLADDERWRACKEGGWRACK
Results
Bladder Wrack is Prepared Water is added to the sample The weight is recorded
Egg Wrack is Prepared
Kelp sample is Prepared
Kelp & Lighter are used The effects of the lighter The sample is severely weak
Egg Wrack & Lighter are used
BladderWrack & Lighter are used The lighter is used on sample
The sample is weighted
The sample is weighted Water is added to the sample
The sample is weighted Water is added to the sample
The weight is recorded
The weight is recorded
The lighter is used on sample
The lighter is used on sample
The effects of the lighter
The effects of the lighter
The sample is severely weak
The sample is severely weak
Results
The sample is packed away
The sample is packed away
The sample is packed away
The end result of the sample
The end result of the sample
The end result of the sample
UP UP
REF. REF.
1 2 3
A
B
C
D
13 m²
KITCHEN
H1-02
2 m²
W.C.
H1-03
20 m²
LIVING ROOM
H1-01
13 m²
KITCHEN
H2-02
20 m²
LIVING ROOM
H2-01
2 m²
W.C.
H2-03
2 m²
CLOSET
H1-10
2 m²
CLOSET
H2-10
5958 5958
364510005020
9665
11915
Comparing the calculated U-Value of all tests
Comparing the Average Thermal Conductivity of all tests
Comparing the Average Delta T of all tests in Celsius °C
Comparing the Average hot chamber temperatures of all tests
Comparing the Average cold chamber temperatures of all tests
Kelp U-Value Calculation
Egg Wrack Calculations Bladder Wrack Calculations Kelp Seaweed Calculations
The Egg Wrack is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full The Bladder Wrack is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full The Kelp seaweed is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full
T m -
. T
m 80mm
m . T m
m . E m
. T
into two sections, a hot chamber (meter chamber) and a cold chamber
m m . B m m
m m . A L m -
m m . A
thermostat will be placed in the meter chamber and set to a suitable tem-
m m 10C
m m . T m
m m m-
. T T m C
m m . T
. T
E W B W K .
Construction of Hot Box & Use
Exploded 3D model of the Constructed Hot Box with the 600 x 600mm Seaweed PanelPlan view of the Hot Box with the Plywood Panel 600mm Plywood Panel
Exploded 3D View of the 600 x 600mm Plywood Seaweed panel
3D of the Hot box Model
Another method of testing the thermal conductivity of the various types of
C m C T m C . I -
m
. T m m
m m . I
m
m . I
C T m m m
m . T
seaweed behaves and will help greatly in understanding its potential as
. M C T m
samples to test under three forces of compression and a generate a ther-
m . C T m m
m . T m -
.
Summary
T C-T m TC T m C A
m m K S N H -
T m A A A MIC. T
technology has since been broadly applied by clients the world-over in
m N m SWCNT
MWCNT m m m m -
m m
m .
W
I S A m m C T m
. I
m . I - C T m
A S C M C .Comparing Primary & External Thermal Conductivity Test Results
The average thermal conductivity of all 3 compression tests Thermal Conductivity results to existing products (C Therm)
U-Value results to existing products (C Therm)Comparing Primary & External Thermal Conductivity Results
As regards future work and application, the next stage would be to test the
thermal conductivity of the seaweed samples in an industry sized panel
. . 6m 3m m m 600 600mm
. A m
- . T
I
.
E 600 600mm T -
m C . T m
m . T
2.4 KG 2.2 KG
1.4 KG.
m m 6m 3m
100mm . F m m
25 000
I . BIM m -
m m .
Overview
3D Cut section through the two-storey house showing seaweed in the walls
3D BIM Model of housePlan of two-storey house with seaweed integrated into the walls 3D Section through typical wall of house
Calculations/Estimations of all seaweed quantities required
Estimated weight of a 3m x 6m x 100mm thick panel of seaweed Estimated seaweed weight of a typical 57m2 Two storey dwelling
Estimated weight of a 3m x 6m x 200mm thick panel of seaweed
Estimated weights of seaweedExtracted BIM Model 3D Views
Bladder wrack U-Value CalculationEgg wrack U-Value Calculation
BIM Model 3D Views
Constructed Hot BoxPlan of Constructed Hot Box
The average thermal conductivity of all 3 compression tests
Case Study - Modern Seaweed House, Laeso, Denmark
Overview
I 2013 m I L D -
m . I I
. I C V A
mm R B
D .
T L I
. O m
20 . T m -
m .
H m m -
m . O
were covered in eelgrass on the roof, giving the appearance of a messy hair
.
T m m
. T
a new door to considerable evidence based information and data of it and its
m . T -
. I
used on the roof where it is bundles into sacks or nets which are attached by
.
A façade system was developed by making eight six panels which slot into
. A -
m m
. T m
. T . A m
. T -
.
T m m
. A LCA . T m
8500 C02. A -
m m m
D m m .
Types of Seagrasses Types of Irish Seaweeds
Neptutherm
H N M -
m . T -
m .
T
. T
- mm m . T
m m . T G m m
Neptutherm then took advantage of this and produced a blown in insulation
N . H
.
A huge step in the processing of these balls is removing the sand from its
. T m . I -
G m .
3D of Wall and Floor Junction
Plan of the Modern Seaweed House, Laeso, Denmark
Egg Wrack
I I m
. F m m m
.
I E W A m N m.
T m m I
M B m G . S m N S
C m
. M m I -
. R E N G
will be fascinating to see if a seaweed can perform to the same standard acting
.
Bladder Wrack
F mm m -
N S B -
S A O mm
names black tang, rockweed, bladder fucus, sea oak, black tany, cut weed,
. I
1811
.
T F. 90 m 35 2.5
m 1.0 m m . I -
- . I m
which are usually paired, one on either side of the mid-rib, but may be ab-
.
Primary Testing - Thermal Conductivity Tests Using a Hot Box - Results
Primary Testing - Construction of the Hot Box & the BIM Model
Egg Wrack Bladder Wrack Kelp Overall Results
Average ΔT(°C) - Egg Wrack Average ΔT(°C) - Bladder Wrack Average ΔT(°C) - Kelp seaweed
Average overall temperature - Egg Wrack Average overall temperature - Bladder Wrack Average overall temperature - Kelp seaweed
PrimaryTestingResults
Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber
2. An Investigation into Seaweed as a potential Building Insulation product c12700655 Jack Lambourne T9 - Final Presentation
Introduction
Seaweed/Seagrass Types, descriptions & Characteristics
Site Visit - Spiddal, Co.Galway - Harvesting Seaweed
Comparing Existing Insulation - Sheep’s Wool, Hemp Wool & RockWool
Primary Testing - Using GaBi to Perform a Life Cycle Assessment on Seaweed Manufacturing
Conclusion & Future Application
Overview
“Sustainability is the capacity to endure; it is how biological systems remain
.
Seaweed is a natural, sustainable material that can be easily obtained from
. I m
mm m . T m -
ods have discovered the various uses of it in several industries such as hu-
man food, seaweed baths, cosmetics, agricultural fertilizers, liquid seaweed
m m . M -
search examines seaweed as a potential building insulation based on existing
m m G m D m . I
- I
m m T I
m . I
.
M I . T
m .
T m mm m
A m. A m mm
m m m I m C M . A -
m mm I -
.
Aim
T m
. I m
m m
m . A 100 -
ural material, it would require virtually no energy to produce, having a positive
. T m
m .
Brief History on Seaweed
Seaweed refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine al-
. T m m m m
. S
m . . T
.
Objectives
I m
appropriate characteristics required to function as a building insulation
.
C I m
termine the characteristics of each seaweed as a possible building insula
.
C m
N m IR .
D
which are to be tested for its thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and
-V .
• Develop a seaweed based building insulation product based on existing
m m .
Motivation
M m m m m m
. I
m G . T -
m m m . I
m m m
it was possible to establish traditional methods to use natural resources given
. A m m m
I
m . F m m m
. T -
m m CH . T m I
gain from him is very useful from an energy & sustainability perspective on my
. T
.
S m . T -
m m
. S -
m m -
. T m m m
. S
.
Methodology
I
m LCA
. I m m -
al has the characteristics necessary to be utilised as an insulation product
m m m . I
m m -
ation until its end through various thermal energy tests and data already
. A BIM M R
m m S H L . T m
used to form the structure piece by piece to fully engage with the use of the
.
M m
S H m W R . T m
m
. I m -
. B m -
R H m
100mm. I m V
m . T m
m m m . T m
m m . T
existing thermal properties of sheep’s wool, hemp wool, Neptutherm, Eel-
R m
I .
Another section was showing in detail the main testing methods that were
m I -
. S m m
than others but are all crucial in the development of the research under-
. T
m m . O -
er tests include the use of a hot box to calculate thermal conductivity and
-V .
T m
. m
myself personally and the external testing involves several companies aid-
m . T m C
T m V . E -
.
Example of an existing seaweed - Kombu
Example of an existing seaweed - Posidonia Oceanica (Neptune Grass)
Seaweed is used globally in the food industry & for pharmaceuticals
Eelgrass
I S K m m -
nates sandy and muddy sediments in coastal areas of low to moderate wave
. I m S m
2-4 m . I 5-35 . T
m . I
M S H .
T m
L . T
m . I m -
m . A -
cle analysis was carried out on this material to characterize it as an insulation
m .
External View of Seaweed House
Floor Construction 0.09 W m
25 180 mm
2 45 mm
90 mm m
insulation between;
E m
245 mm
12 mm m -
45 195 mm m.
1:20 Section through Wall & Roof
Roof Construction
R 0.11 W m
R
. 300 mm -
tal,
2 30 mm
25 45 mm
boards,
21 121 mm -
tion in-between,
245 mm m m OSB-3
panel,
12 mm 3.2 mm
seaweed insulation,
100 mm -
covering; cotton inner iayer rendered
-
Detail of Wall and floor connectionDetail of wall and floor connection at front elevation
Exploded View of the Wall Build-up
Introduction
T -
m . M
m m M E N I G
m m
.
T W I
. I m m
m mm I .
T m mm I m A m N -
m E W L m D K F V B
W .
T -
. W -
m . T
m 20 m m . T
. I m -
. T
.
T m S
C G m . T m m
.
NUI Galway
Map of Ireland Showing location of Spiddal, Co. Galway
Location map of Spiddal, Co. Galway showing the harvesting site
Risk Assessment Report from the site visit to Spiddal, co. Galway
Photo of Bladder Wrack Egg Wrack growing over rocks
The Martin Ryan Institute building in NUI Galway
NUI Galway campus map showing location of Martin Ryan Institute
Close up of Bladder Wrack Ripe Egg Wrack Demonstration of Seaweed cutting
My harvesting of the seaweed Cutting the egg wrack myself Placing it into a harvesting bag
Seaweed continues to be cut 25000 tons harvested annually Seaweed is pulled as long as 1.5m
View of seaweed beside the lake View of harvested seaweed Close up of the kelp on the beach
Example of a seaweed holdfast Close up of Egg Wrack
3D Overall Render of the Modern Seaweed House
3D Overall Render of the Modern Seaweed House
3D of Roof & Floor Junction
View of the Constructed Modern Seaweed House, Laeso.
Roof Construction 0.11 W m
R
. 300 mm -
tal,
2 30 mm
25 45 mm
boards,
21 121 mm -
lation in-between,
245 mm m m OSB-3
panel,
12 mm 3.2 mm
seaweed insulation,
100 mm -
covering; cotton inner iayer rendered
-
Wall Construction 0.14W m2
150mm N S
45mm 150mm m
25mm 45mm V L
245mm E S
12mm OSB
25mm H L
25mm V B
3D of Roof Apex
Harvesting Egg Wrack, Kelp and Bladder Wrack
Mixture of Seaweed Types on the beach
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is import-
m m . O I
focused on hemp wool insulation in a structural panel and analyzed its thermal
m .
I m -V 0.44 W m2K. A -
face humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this particular
. A m m-
mm m . T m
. M m -
.
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is im-
portant to be able to compare it to existing products in the Various calculations
-V 100mm
m . T m
.
I S -V 0.35 W m2K. A
surface humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this par-
. A m m-
mm m . O
m .
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is import-
ant to be able to compare it to existing products in the Various calculations have
-V 100mm -
m . T m -
R .
I R -V 0.36 W m2K. A -
face humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this particular
. A m m -
mm m . A m
.
Thermal Conductivity : 0.039 W m2
K
Density : 25 m3
Fire Resistance Class : B2
Available thickness (mm) : 160 180 220 300
Thermal Conductivity : 0.034 W m2
K
Density : 45 m3
Fire Resistance Class : A1
Available thickness (mm) : 30 40 50 60 5 100
Thermal Conductivity : 0.039 W m2
K
Density : 35 m3
Fire Resistance Class : E
Available thickness (mm) : 50 5 100
Hemp Wool Panel Rock Wool Panel Sheep’s Wool Panel
Characteristics Characteristics Characteristics
Sample consists of plywood panels either side Sample consists of plywood panels either side Sample consists of plywood panels either side
Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity
Interstitial Condensation per calendar month Interstitial Condensation per calendar month Interstitial Condensation per calendar month
Primary Testing - Preliminary Testing - Bladder Wrack , Egg Wrack & Kelp - Fire & Porosity Tests
BuildDesk Software
B D
B R E -
m C .
- .
I C R A CRA
m m .
• Easy-to-use and graphically oriented for the fast assessment of build
m .
• Extensive database containing generic as well as branded building
m .
I m B D -
. I -
formation regarding key aspects of building physics, such as calculation of
m C R A .
Condensation Risk Analysis
T B D m C R A
BS5250 2002 BS EN ISO 13 88 2002 -
sesses the risk of both surface and interstitial condensation occurring for
. m - -
. I
m m m . C
the design in the U-value calculation automatically update the condensation
m mm .
R mm
m m. T mm m -
m m BS EN 13 88 2001. A
tick and text indicates a passed assessment whilst a red exclamation mark
m m . A m mm
shows the likely position of any condensation in a simple section through the
. M
m .
Overview
M m
S H m W R . T m -
m -
. I m
. B m
R H m 100mm.
I m V
m . T m
m m m . T m -
m m . T -
isting thermal properties of sheep’s wool, hemp wool, Neptutherm, Eelgrass
R m I
.
Example of Saturation Pressure and Vapour Pressure
A m I
m LCA .
F m G B I m . T
is an important step in the long run of analyzing the potential of seaweed
.
L C A m
• Design for Environment
E -
• Eco-design
A GW C 2 m m
m m . 56 C 2
e was pro-
KG . T m m-
m .
W m -
m 1.84 M . T
m m .
T m . I
1.42 KG . T
m m 250 KG .
W m
2.2 S 2 KG. T m
m .
T m
L I . T m -
tential, photochemical ozone potential, energy consumption and water consump-
. T m m . T m N -
m S I .
T m m
m . B
m . I
. I m -
m m m .
T m C 2 m . T
G B . S m m
m m G B . T
results from this assessment will then be compared directly to existing materials
R W H m W .
Main Results from Life Cycle AssessmentBody of Content generated from GaBi software
The comparison of Global Warming Potential to existing insulation
The comparison of Photochemical Ozone Potential to insulations
The comparison of Energy Consumption to existing insulation
The comparison of Water Consumption to existing insulation
Carbon Dioxide contribution of the manufacturing process - Inputs
Carbon Dioxide contribution of the manufacturing process - Outputs
Main gases contributing to GWP in seaweed insulation production
Pie chart of Co2 contributions in the manufacturing process Carbon Dioxide Output Emissions based on 1 tonne of harvested seaweed
Proposed plan and process to manufacture seaweed insulation based on 1 tonne of seaweed production
Plan and process for seaweed insulation based on 1 kilogram of seaweed The comparison of GaBi Results to existing insulation materials
Overview of GaBi plan & process
T G B m L C
A m LCA m S I . S m m
m m m m G B
m m M E LCA -
S . T C G
G D C C
m .
. T m -
. A m
m m - . A S
m m .
EGGWRACKKELPKELP
W 100 m
W W 180 m
Note: T
bladder wrack increased its
80 m .
W 100 m
W W 140 m
Note: T
wrack increased its weight by
40 m .
W 100 m
W W 120 m
Note: T
20 m
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W K -
5
. W
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W E W
20
. W
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W
5
. W
.
Fire Resistance tests of Seaweeds
BLADDERWRACK
Porosity tests of Seaweeds
BLADDERWRACKEGGWRACK
Results
Bladder Wrack is Prepared Water is added to the sample The weight is recorded
Egg Wrack is Prepared
Kelp sample is Prepared
Kelp & Lighter are used The effects of the lighter The sample is severely weak
Egg Wrack & Lighter are used
BladderWrack & Lighter are used The lighter is used on sample
The sample is weighted
The sample is weighted Water is added to the sample
The sample is weighted Water is added to the sample
The weight is recorded
The weight is recorded
The lighter is used on sample
The lighter is used on sample
The effects of the lighter
The effects of the lighter
The sample is severely weak
The sample is severely weak
Results
The sample is packed away
The sample is packed away
The sample is packed away
The end result of the sample
The end result of the sample
The end result of the sample
UP UP
REF. REF.
1 2 3
A
B
C
D
13 m²
KITCHEN
H1-02
2 m²
W.C.
H1-03
20 m²
LIVING ROOM
H1-01
13 m²
KITCHEN
H2-02
20 m²
LIVING ROOM
H2-01
2 m²
W.C.
H2-03
2 m²
CLOSET
H1-10
2 m²
CLOSET
H2-10
5958 5958
364510005020
9665
11915
Comparing the calculated U-Value of all tests
Comparing the Average Thermal Conductivity of all tests
Comparing the Average Delta T of all tests in Celsius °C
Comparing the Average hot chamber temperatures of all tests
Comparing the Average cold chamber temperatures of all tests
Kelp U-Value Calculation
Egg Wrack Calculations Bladder Wrack Calculations Kelp Seaweed Calculations
The Egg Wrack is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full The Bladder Wrack is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full The Kelp seaweed is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full
T m -
. T
m 80mm
m . T m
m . E m
. T
into two sections, a hot chamber (meter chamber) and a cold chamber
m m . B m m
m m . A L m -
m m . A
thermostat will be placed in the meter chamber and set to a suitable tem-
m m 10C
m m . T m
m m m-
. T T m C
m m . T
. T
E W B W K .
Construction of Hot Box & Use
Exploded 3D model of the Constructed Hot Box with the 600 x 600mm Seaweed PanelPlan view of the Hot Box with the Plywood Panel 600mm Plywood Panel
Exploded 3D View of the 600 x 600mm Plywood Seaweed panel
3D of the Hot box Model
Another method of testing the thermal conductivity of the various types of
C m C T m C . I -
m
. T m m
m m . I
m
m . I
C T m m m
m . T
seaweed behaves and will help greatly in understanding its potential as
. M C T m
samples to test under three forces of compression and a generate a ther-
m . C T m m
m . T m -
.
Summary
T C-T m TC T m C A
m m K S N H -
T m A A A MIC. T
technology has since been broadly applied by clients the world-over in
m N m SWCNT
MWCNT m m m m -
m m
m .
W
I S A m m C T m
. I
m . I - C T m
A S C M C .Comparing Primary & External Thermal Conductivity Test Results
The average thermal conductivity of all 3 compression tests Thermal Conductivity results to existing products (C Therm)
U-Value results to existing products (C Therm)Comparing Primary & External Thermal Conductivity Results
As regards future work and application, the next stage would be to test the
thermal conductivity of the seaweed samples in an industry sized panel
. . 6m 3m m m 600 600mm
. A m
- . T
I
.
E 600 600mm T -
m C . T m
m . T
2.4 KG 2.2 KG
1.4 KG.
m m 6m 3m
100mm . F m m
25 000
I . BIM m -
m m .
Overview
3D Cut section through the two-storey house showing seaweed in the walls
3D BIM Model of housePlan of two-storey house with seaweed integrated into the walls 3D Section through typical wall of house
Calculations/Estimations of all seaweed quantities required
Estimated weight of a 3m x 6m x 100mm thick panel of seaweed Estimated seaweed weight of a typical 57m2 Two storey dwelling
Estimated weight of a 3m x 6m x 200mm thick panel of seaweed
Estimated weights of seaweedExtracted BIM Model 3D Views
Bladder wrack U-Value CalculationEgg wrack U-Value Calculation
BIM Model 3D Views
Constructed Hot BoxPlan of Constructed Hot Box
The average thermal conductivity of all 3 compression tests
Case Study - Modern Seaweed House, Laeso, Denmark
Overview
I 2013 m I L D -
m . I I
. I C V A
mm R B
D .
T L I
. O m
20 . T m -
m .
H m m -
m . O
were covered in eelgrass on the roof, giving the appearance of a messy hair
.
T m m
. T
a new door to considerable evidence based information and data of it and its
m . T -
. I
used on the roof where it is bundles into sacks or nets which are attached by
.
A façade system was developed by making eight six panels which slot into
. A -
m m
. T m
. T . A m
. T -
.
T m m
. A LCA . T m
8500 C02. A -
m m m
D m m .
Types of Seagrasses Types of Irish Seaweeds
Neptutherm
H N M -
m . T -
m .
T
. T
- mm m . T
m m . T G m m
Neptutherm then took advantage of this and produced a blown in insulation
N . H
.
A huge step in the processing of these balls is removing the sand from its
. T m . I -
G m .
3D of Wall and Floor Junction
Plan of the Modern Seaweed House, Laeso, Denmark
Egg Wrack
I I m
. F m m m
.
I E W A m N m.
T m m I
M B m G . S m N S
C m
. M m I -
. R E N G
will be fascinating to see if a seaweed can perform to the same standard acting
.
Bladder Wrack
F mm m -
N S B -
S A O mm
names black tang, rockweed, bladder fucus, sea oak, black tany, cut weed,
. I
1811
.
T F. 90 m 35 2.5
m 1.0 m m . I -
- . I m
which are usually paired, one on either side of the mid-rib, but may be ab-
.
Primary Testing - Thermal Conductivity Tests Using a Hot Box - Results
Primary Testing - Construction of the Hot Box & the BIM Model
Egg Wrack Bladder Wrack Kelp Overall Results
Average ΔT(°C) - Egg Wrack Average ΔT(°C) - Bladder Wrack Average ΔT(°C) - Kelp seaweed
Average overall temperature - Egg Wrack Average overall temperature - Bladder Wrack Average overall temperature - Kelp seaweed
PrimaryTestingResults
Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber
3. An Investigation into Seaweed as a potential Building Insulation product c12700655 Jack Lambourne T9 - Final Presentation
Introduction
Seaweed/Seagrass Types, descriptions & Characteristics
Site Visit - Spiddal, Co.Galway - Harvesting Seaweed
Comparing Existing Insulation - Sheep’s Wool, Hemp Wool & RockWool
Primary Testing - Using GaBi to Perform a Life Cycle Assessment on Seaweed Manufacturing
Conclusion & Future Application
Overview
“Sustainability is the capacity to endure; it is how biological systems remain
.
Seaweed is a natural, sustainable material that can be easily obtained from
. I m
mm m . T m -
ods have discovered the various uses of it in several industries such as hu-
man food, seaweed baths, cosmetics, agricultural fertilizers, liquid seaweed
m m . M -
search examines seaweed as a potential building insulation based on existing
m m G m D m . I
- I
m m T I
m . I
.
M I . T
m .
T m mm m
A m. A m mm
m m m I m C M . A -
m mm I -
.
Aim
T m
. I m
m m
m . A 100 -
ural material, it would require virtually no energy to produce, having a positive
. T m
m .
Brief History on Seaweed
Seaweed refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine al-
. T m m m m
. S
m . . T
.
Objectives
I m
appropriate characteristics required to function as a building insulation
.
C I m
termine the characteristics of each seaweed as a possible building insula
.
C m
N m IR .
D
which are to be tested for its thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and
-V .
• Develop a seaweed based building insulation product based on existing
m m .
Motivation
M m m m m m
. I
m G . T -
m m m . I
m m m
it was possible to establish traditional methods to use natural resources given
. A m m m
I
m . F m m m
. T -
m m CH . T m I
gain from him is very useful from an energy & sustainability perspective on my
. T
.
S m . T -
m m
. S -
m m -
. T m m m
. S
.
Methodology
I
m LCA
. I m m -
al has the characteristics necessary to be utilised as an insulation product
m m m . I
m m -
ation until its end through various thermal energy tests and data already
. A BIM M R
m m S H L . T m
used to form the structure piece by piece to fully engage with the use of the
.
M m
S H m W R . T m
m
. I m -
. B m -
R H m
100mm. I m V
m . T m
m m m . T m
m m . T
existing thermal properties of sheep’s wool, hemp wool, Neptutherm, Eel-
R m
I .
Another section was showing in detail the main testing methods that were
m I -
. S m m
than others but are all crucial in the development of the research under-
. T
m m . O -
er tests include the use of a hot box to calculate thermal conductivity and
-V .
T m
. m
myself personally and the external testing involves several companies aid-
m . T m C
T m V . E -
.
Example of an existing seaweed - Kombu
Example of an existing seaweed - Posidonia Oceanica (Neptune Grass)
Seaweed is used globally in the food industry & for pharmaceuticals
Eelgrass
I S K m m -
nates sandy and muddy sediments in coastal areas of low to moderate wave
. I m S m
2-4 m . I 5-35 . T
m . I
M S H .
T m
L . T
m . I m -
m . A -
cle analysis was carried out on this material to characterize it as an insulation
m .
External View of Seaweed House
Floor Construction 0.09 W m
25 180 mm
2 45 mm
90 mm m
insulation between;
E m
245 mm
12 mm m -
45 195 mm m.
1:20 Section through Wall & Roof
Roof Construction
R 0.11 W m
R
. 300 mm -
tal,
2 30 mm
25 45 mm
boards,
21 121 mm -
tion in-between,
245 mm m m OSB-3
panel,
12 mm 3.2 mm
seaweed insulation,
100 mm -
covering; cotton inner iayer rendered
-
Detail of Wall and floor connectionDetail of wall and floor connection at front elevation
Exploded View of the Wall Build-up
Introduction
T -
m . M
m m M E N I G
m m
.
T W I
. I m m
m mm I .
T m mm I m A m N -
m E W L m D K F V B
W .
T -
. W -
m . T
m 20 m m . T
. I m -
. T
.
T m S
C G m . T m m
.
NUI Galway
Map of Ireland Showing location of Spiddal, Co. Galway
Location map of Spiddal, Co. Galway showing the harvesting site
Risk Assessment Report from the site visit to Spiddal, co. Galway
Photo of Bladder Wrack Egg Wrack growing over rocks
The Martin Ryan Institute building in NUI Galway
NUI Galway campus map showing location of Martin Ryan Institute
Close up of Bladder Wrack Ripe Egg Wrack Demonstration of Seaweed cutting
My harvesting of the seaweed Cutting the egg wrack myself Placing it into a harvesting bag
Seaweed continues to be cut 25000 tons harvested annually Seaweed is pulled as long as 1.5m
View of seaweed beside the lake View of harvested seaweed Close up of the kelp on the beach
Example of a seaweed holdfast Close up of Egg Wrack
3D Overall Render of the Modern Seaweed House
3D Overall Render of the Modern Seaweed House
3D of Roof & Floor Junction
View of the Constructed Modern Seaweed House, Laeso.
Roof Construction 0.11 W m
R
. 300 mm -
tal,
2 30 mm
25 45 mm
boards,
21 121 mm -
lation in-between,
245 mm m m OSB-3
panel,
12 mm 3.2 mm
seaweed insulation,
100 mm -
covering; cotton inner iayer rendered
-
Wall Construction 0.14W m2
150mm N S
45mm 150mm m
25mm 45mm V L
245mm E S
12mm OSB
25mm H L
25mm V B
3D of Roof Apex
Harvesting Egg Wrack, Kelp and Bladder Wrack
Mixture of Seaweed Types on the beach
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is import-
m m . O I
focused on hemp wool insulation in a structural panel and analyzed its thermal
m .
I m -V 0.44 W m2K. A -
face humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this particular
. A m m-
mm m . T m
. M m -
.
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is im-
portant to be able to compare it to existing products in the Various calculations
-V 100mm
m . T m
.
I S -V 0.35 W m2K. A
surface humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this par-
. A m m-
mm m . O
m .
As part of my research into seaweed as a potential insulation product, it is import-
ant to be able to compare it to existing products in the Various calculations have
-V 100mm -
m . T m -
R .
I R -V 0.36 W m2K. A -
face humidity, there is estimated to have no hint of mold growth in this particular
. A m m -
mm m . A m
.
Thermal Conductivity : 0.039 W m2
K
Density : 25 m3
Fire Resistance Class : B2
Available thickness (mm) : 160 180 220 300
Thermal Conductivity : 0.034 W m2
K
Density : 45 m3
Fire Resistance Class : A1
Available thickness (mm) : 30 40 50 60 5 100
Thermal Conductivity : 0.039 W m2
K
Density : 35 m3
Fire Resistance Class : E
Available thickness (mm) : 50 5 100
Hemp Wool Panel Rock Wool Panel Sheep’s Wool Panel
Characteristics Characteristics Characteristics
Sample consists of plywood panels either side Sample consists of plywood panels either side Sample consists of plywood panels either side
Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity Analysis of Interstitial Condensation & Humidity
Interstitial Condensation per calendar month Interstitial Condensation per calendar month Interstitial Condensation per calendar month
Primary Testing - Preliminary Testing - Bladder Wrack , Egg Wrack & Kelp - Fire & Porosity Tests
BuildDesk Software
B D
B R E -
m C .
- .
I C R A CRA
m m .
• Easy-to-use and graphically oriented for the fast assessment of build
m .
• Extensive database containing generic as well as branded building
m .
I m B D -
. I -
formation regarding key aspects of building physics, such as calculation of
m C R A .
Condensation Risk Analysis
T B D m C R A
BS5250 2002 BS EN ISO 13 88 2002 -
sesses the risk of both surface and interstitial condensation occurring for
. m - -
. I
m m m . C
the design in the U-value calculation automatically update the condensation
m mm .
R mm
m m. T mm m -
m m BS EN 13 88 2001. A
tick and text indicates a passed assessment whilst a red exclamation mark
m m . A m mm
shows the likely position of any condensation in a simple section through the
. M
m .
Overview
M m
S H m W R . T m -
m -
. I m
. B m
R H m 100mm.
I m V
m . T m
m m m . T m -
m m . T -
isting thermal properties of sheep’s wool, hemp wool, Neptutherm, Eelgrass
R m I
.
Example of Saturation Pressure and Vapour Pressure
A m I
m LCA .
F m G B I m . T
is an important step in the long run of analyzing the potential of seaweed
.
L C A m
• Design for Environment
E -
• Eco-design
A GW C 2 m m
m m . 56 C 2
e was pro-
KG . T m m-
m .
W m -
m 1.84 M . T
m m .
T m . I
1.42 KG . T
m m 250 KG .
W m
2.2 S 2 KG. T m
m .
T m
L I . T m -
tential, photochemical ozone potential, energy consumption and water consump-
. T m m . T m N -
m S I .
T m m
m . B
m . I
. I m -
m m m .
T m C 2 m . T
G B . S m m
m m G B . T
results from this assessment will then be compared directly to existing materials
R W H m W .
Main Results from Life Cycle AssessmentBody of Content generated from GaBi software
The comparison of Global Warming Potential to existing insulation
The comparison of Photochemical Ozone Potential to insulations
The comparison of Energy Consumption to existing insulation
The comparison of Water Consumption to existing insulation
Carbon Dioxide contribution of the manufacturing process - Inputs
Carbon Dioxide contribution of the manufacturing process - Outputs
Main gases contributing to GWP in seaweed insulation production
Pie chart of Co2 contributions in the manufacturing process Carbon Dioxide Output Emissions based on 1 tonne of harvested seaweed
Proposed plan and process to manufacture seaweed insulation based on 1 tonne of seaweed production
Plan and process for seaweed insulation based on 1 kilogram of seaweed The comparison of GaBi Results to existing insulation materials
Overview of GaBi plan & process
T G B m L C
A m LCA m S I . S m m
m m m m G B
m m M E LCA -
S . T C G
G D C C
m .
. T m -
. A m
m m - . A S
m m .
EGGWRACKKELPKELP
W 100 m
W W 180 m
Note: T
bladder wrack increased its
80 m .
W 100 m
W W 140 m
Note: T
wrack increased its weight by
40 m .
W 100 m
W W 120 m
Note: T
20 m
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W K -
5
. W
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W E W
20
. W
.
Fire Resistance test
Note: W
5
. W
.
Fire Resistance tests of Seaweeds
BLADDERWRACK
Porosity tests of Seaweeds
BLADDERWRACKEGGWRACK
Results
Bladder Wrack is Prepared Water is added to the sample The weight is recorded
Egg Wrack is Prepared
Kelp sample is Prepared
Kelp & Lighter are used The effects of the lighter The sample is severely weak
Egg Wrack & Lighter are used
BladderWrack & Lighter are used The lighter is used on sample
The sample is weighted
The sample is weighted Water is added to the sample
The sample is weighted Water is added to the sample
The weight is recorded
The weight is recorded
The lighter is used on sample
The lighter is used on sample
The effects of the lighter
The effects of the lighter
The sample is severely weak
The sample is severely weak
Results
The sample is packed away
The sample is packed away
The sample is packed away
The end result of the sample
The end result of the sample
The end result of the sample
UP UP
REF. REF.
1 2 3
A
B
C
D
13 m²
KITCHEN
H1-02
2 m²
W.C.
H1-03
20 m²
LIVING ROOM
H1-01
13 m²
KITCHEN
H2-02
20 m²
LIVING ROOM
H2-01
2 m²
W.C.
H2-03
2 m²
CLOSET
H1-10
2 m²
CLOSET
H2-10
5958 5958
364510005020
9665
11915
Comparing the calculated U-Value of all tests
Comparing the Average Thermal Conductivity of all tests
Comparing the Average Delta T of all tests in Celsius °C
Comparing the Average hot chamber temperatures of all tests
Comparing the Average cold chamber temperatures of all tests
Kelp U-Value Calculation
Egg Wrack Calculations Bladder Wrack Calculations Kelp Seaweed Calculations
The Egg Wrack is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full The Bladder Wrack is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full The Kelp seaweed is loaded into the plywood panel until it is full
T m -
. T
m 80mm
m . T m
m . E m
. T
into two sections, a hot chamber (meter chamber) and a cold chamber
m m . B m m
m m . A L m -
m m . A
thermostat will be placed in the meter chamber and set to a suitable tem-
m m 10C
m m . T m
m m m-
. T T m C
m m . T
. T
E W B W K .
Construction of Hot Box & Use
Exploded 3D model of the Constructed Hot Box with the 600 x 600mm Seaweed PanelPlan view of the Hot Box with the Plywood Panel 600mm Plywood Panel
Exploded 3D View of the 600 x 600mm Plywood Seaweed panel
3D of the Hot box Model
Another method of testing the thermal conductivity of the various types of
C m C T m C . I -
m
. T m m
m m . I
m
m . I
C T m m m
m . T
seaweed behaves and will help greatly in understanding its potential as
. M C T m
samples to test under three forces of compression and a generate a ther-
m . C T m m
m . T m -
.
Summary
T C-T m TC T m C A
m m K S N H -
T m A A A MIC. T
technology has since been broadly applied by clients the world-over in
m N m SWCNT
MWCNT m m m m -
m m
m .
W
I S A m m C T m
. I
m . I - C T m
A S C M C .Comparing Primary & External Thermal Conductivity Test Results
The average thermal conductivity of all 3 compression tests Thermal Conductivity results to existing products (C Therm)
U-Value results to existing products (C Therm)Comparing Primary & External Thermal Conductivity Results
As regards future work and application, the next stage would be to test the
thermal conductivity of the seaweed samples in an industry sized panel
. . 6m 3m m m 600 600mm
. A m
- . T
I
.
E 600 600mm T -
m C . T m
m . T
2.4 KG 2.2 KG
1.4 KG.
m m 6m 3m
100mm . F m m
25 000
I . BIM m -
m m .
Overview
3D Cut section through the two-storey house showing seaweed in the walls
3D BIM Model of housePlan of two-storey house with seaweed integrated into the walls 3D Section through typical wall of house
Calculations/Estimations of all seaweed quantities required
Estimated weight of a 3m x 6m x 100mm thick panel of seaweed Estimated seaweed weight of a typical 57m2 Two storey dwelling
Estimated weight of a 3m x 6m x 200mm thick panel of seaweed
Estimated weights of seaweedExtracted BIM Model 3D Views
Bladder wrack U-Value CalculationEgg wrack U-Value Calculation
BIM Model 3D Views
Constructed Hot BoxPlan of Constructed Hot Box
The average thermal conductivity of all 3 compression tests
Case Study - Modern Seaweed House, Laeso, Denmark
Overview
I 2013 m I L D -
m . I I
. I C V A
mm R B
D .
T L I
. O m
20 . T m -
m .
H m m -
m . O
were covered in eelgrass on the roof, giving the appearance of a messy hair
.
T m m
. T
a new door to considerable evidence based information and data of it and its
m . T -
. I
used on the roof where it is bundles into sacks or nets which are attached by
.
A façade system was developed by making eight six panels which slot into
. A -
m m
. T m
. T . A m
. T -
.
T m m
. A LCA . T m
8500 C02. A -
m m m
D m m .
Types of Seagrasses Types of Irish Seaweeds
Neptutherm
H N M -
m . T -
m .
T
. T
- mm m . T
m m . T G m m
Neptutherm then took advantage of this and produced a blown in insulation
N . H
.
A huge step in the processing of these balls is removing the sand from its
. T m . I -
G m .
3D of Wall and Floor Junction
Plan of the Modern Seaweed House, Laeso, Denmark
Egg Wrack
I I m
. F m m m
.
I E W A m N m.
T m m I
M B m G . S m N S
C m
. M m I -
. R E N G
will be fascinating to see if a seaweed can perform to the same standard acting
.
Bladder Wrack
F mm m -
N S B -
S A O mm
names black tang, rockweed, bladder fucus, sea oak, black tany, cut weed,
. I
1811
.
T F. 90 m 35 2.5
m 1.0 m m . I -
- . I m
which are usually paired, one on either side of the mid-rib, but may be ab-
.
Primary Testing - Thermal Conductivity Tests Using a Hot Box - Results
Primary Testing - Construction of the Hot Box & the BIM Model
Egg Wrack Bladder Wrack Kelp Overall Results
Average ΔT(°C) - Egg Wrack Average ΔT(°C) - Bladder Wrack Average ΔT(°C) - Kelp seaweed
Average overall temperature - Egg Wrack Average overall temperature - Bladder Wrack Average overall temperature - Kelp seaweed
PrimaryTestingResults
Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber Average temperature per day in the Hot Chamber