Enabling the next generation of High Efficiency Engines.
Despite increasing popularity, engine “downsizing” does not delivery dramatic real-world fuel economy benefits. Downsized engines must be operated at higher loads, often into regions where spark retard and/or over fueling is used to control knock. Maximum engine output in SI engines is limited by knock (auto-ignition). Therefore, mitigation of knock is an enabler for aggressive downsizing AND increased performance.
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High flow, high atomization, gasoline direct injectors with advanced injector technology. These injectors utilize a proprietary kinetic particle break-up mechanism with patented nozzles to provide smaller droplet sizes, superior fuel atomization, accurate controllability, and shorter liquid lengths versus leading conventional injectors. More than three years of research and testing have demonstrated significant improvements in fuel delivery. Engine tests show higher heat release and faster burn rates than conventional air-shear fuel injection mechanisms, resulting in improved fuel efficiency and increases in power.
Presented at Engine Expo, Novi 2015
This GOx-Kerosene fuel injection system utilizes tangential holes to naturally swirl the propellant and optimize mixture ratios. This was conducted for USC's Liquid Propulsion Laboratory.
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Develop simple and quick equation, with great accuracy to calculate the heat loss with the exhaust gases (q2) in the boiler, and thus the total efficiency (ηg) of the boiler, so that it helps the boiler test specialist to find out (q2), and thus (ηg) immediately without going to the long equations. The research methods depended on reducing from the unknown values, and on reducing the modulus basis of nearest fixed values. The main characteristic of the extracted equation to find out the heat loss with the exhaust gases (q2) is that it has 3 unknown values and one constant only. The extracted equation had been tested and compare its results with reference tests of the boilers of AL-HISW A POWER STATION by the manufacturer. The comparison results were excellent.
Development of a Gasoline Direct Injector, Nostrum EnergyNostrum Energy, LLC
High flow, high atomization, gasoline direct injectors with advanced injector technology. These injectors utilize a proprietary kinetic particle break-up mechanism with patented nozzles to provide smaller droplet sizes, superior fuel atomization, accurate controllability, and shorter liquid lengths versus leading conventional injectors. More than three years of research and testing have demonstrated significant improvements in fuel delivery. Engine tests show higher heat release and faster burn rates than conventional air-shear fuel injection mechanisms, resulting in improved fuel efficiency and increases in power.
Presented at Engine Expo, Novi 2015
This GOx-Kerosene fuel injection system utilizes tangential holes to naturally swirl the propellant and optimize mixture ratios. This was conducted for USC's Liquid Propulsion Laboratory.
Develop a simple equation to calculate the heat loss due to flue gases in boilerSalah Salem
Develop simple and quick equation, with great accuracy to calculate the heat loss with the exhaust gases (q2) in the boiler, and thus the total efficiency (ηg) of the boiler, so that it helps the boiler test specialist to find out (q2), and thus (ηg) immediately without going to the long equations. The research methods depended on reducing from the unknown values, and on reducing the modulus basis of nearest fixed values. The main characteristic of the extracted equation to find out the heat loss with the exhaust gases (q2) is that it has 3 unknown values and one constant only. The extracted equation had been tested and compare its results with reference tests of the boilers of AL-HISW A POWER STATION by the manufacturer. The comparison results were excellent.
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Improving Energy Efficiency of Pumps and Fanseecfncci
Pumps and Fans are energy consuming equipment that can be found in almost all Industries. Therefore, it is important to check if they are running efficiently. This presentation give an overview about energy saving opportunities in pump and fan equipment. It was prepared in the context of energy auditor training in Nepal in the context of GIZ/NEEP programme. For further information go to EEC webpage: http://eec-fncci.org/
Presentation given by Dr Carolina Font Palma from University of Leeds on "Oxyfuel Power Plant with Novel CO2 Separation and Compression Technology" in the Process Engineering Technical Session at the UKCCSRC Biannual Meeting - CCS in the Bigger Picture - held in Cambridge on 2-3 April 2014
Prediction on Increasing the Efficiency of Single Cylinder DI Diesel Engine U...IJMER
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) System means to use the Exhaust Gas coming from
Exhaust Manifold to Inlet Manifold in order to reduce the Emission of NOX which is particularly very
harmful. Engine without EGR are more pollutant & uses more atmospherically air for combustion. By
Implementation of EGR system in Engine, the Partial Exhaust Gas is re-circulated again in Engine. The
aim of this work is to review the potential of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce the exhaust
emissions, particularly NOX emissions, and to delimit the application range of this technique. The
system is very much Eco Friendly. Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Technique in engines, the
emissions are very much controlled. This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption.
Presentation given by Laurence Robinson of E.ON Technologies (Ratcliffe) Limited on "OCTAVIUS - Optimisation of CO2 capture technology allowing verification and implementation at utility scale" at the EC FP7 Projects: Leading the way in CCS implementation event, London, 14-15 April 2014
Software & Embedded IEEE Projects for Final Year students in the best Project Centre & Software Company in trichy for Engineering (CSE, IT, ECE, EEE) & MCA Students
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ABSTRACT: This paper gives the characteristics of Time reduction in manufacturing of screws for Twin screw pumps. Screws are playing a vital role in the performance of pumps, because pumps give the fluids transfer rate with the help of screws. There is a gap in screws which shows its positiveness. This indicates that we are studying about positive displacements pumps. Positive displacements pumps having no point of contact between screws, because of that there will be no any friction formation. Automation is best for development of product to reduce time in manufacturing of any product. In this paper we also tried to explain this feature of Automation to help reduction of time to manufacture of product to increase productivity.
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As operators in shale producing regions across the world face uncertainty over oil prices, many E&P companies, big and small are veering increasingly towards more consistent proven plays, with the world famous Permian Basin being at the top of many strategic priorities lists. With both rig count and production per rig growing steadily throughout 2014, and oil production expected to reach an all time high of 2 million bpd in 2015, the most established shale play in the US is showing no signs of slowing down.
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Similar to Lambda 1 High Load Operation via Water Injection (20)
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𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
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Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
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Lambda 1 High Load Operation via Water Injection
1. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
Lambda 1 High Load
Operation via Water
Injection
Sam Barros
Director of Research and Development
Nostrum Energy, LLC
1
2. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
• Motivation
• Experimental Setup
⁃Engine Setup
⁃Water Injection
⁃Controls
• Simulation
• Experimental Results
• Conclusions
• Next Steps
2
Outline
3. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016 3
Motivation
• Avoiding this!
• Enabling the
next generation
of high
efficiency
engines
4. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
• Despite increasing popularity, engine “downsizing” does
not delivery dramatic real-world fuel economy benefits.
• Downsized engines must be operated at higher loads,
often into regions where spark retard and/or over fueling is
used to control knock.
• Maximum engine output in SI engines is limited by knock
(auto-ignition)
• Mitigation of knock is an enabler for aggressive downsizing
AND increased performance
4
Motivation
5. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016 5
Experimental Setup
Baseline Engine
• SIDI 2.0L GM Ecotec LTG
• Twin Scroll Turbocharger
• Dual Independent Cam Phasing
• Large Aftermarket Support
6. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
• Injectors installed in intake
manifold
• Direct Injection also an option
6
Experimental Setup – Water Injection
Water
Rail
Injector with Bosses
welded to manifold
7. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
• Test water is generated
through Reverse
Osmosis
• High Pressure supply
(250 bar) for Direct
Injection testing
• Low Pressure supply (10
bar) for Port Injection
testing
• Flow measured with
Coriolis meter
7
Experimental Setup – Water Injection
Building
Water
Supply
RO Water Reservoir
High
Pressure
Pump
Flow
Metering
Device
Air
Supply
~110psi
12V
Signal
I/O
Drain to
Sewer
System
Reverse
Osmosis
Filtration
System
Filter
PWI
Water
Tank
Vent to
Atmosphere
Temperature
and Pressure
Transducers
Port
Injectors
Data
Acquisition
System
Intake
Manifold
Exhaust
System
Engine
Temperature
and Pressure
Transducers
Port
Injection
Controller
Exhaust
System
Air
Supply
~200psi
Direct
Injection
Controller
Engine
Direct
Injectors
8. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016 8
Experimental Tests To Be Discussed
Test
Number
Fuel
Water
Injection
Spark Timing /
Combustion
Phasing
I-Cam E-Cam Lambda
Test 1
91 AKI
(Engine
manufacturer req.)
None Production Production Production Production
Test 2 110 AKI None
10° CA50 or
KLSA*
Production Production Production
Test 3 87 AKI Port Injection
10° CA50 or
KLSA*
Production Production 1.0
11. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
11
Experimental Results; Efficiency
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500
Net Thermal Efficiency; 91 AKI, Baseline
Net Thermal Efficiency; 110 AKI, MBT / KLSA
Net Thermal Efficiency; 87 AKI, MBT / KLSA, Lambda 1
Net Thermal Efficiency
Baseline Engine
Engine Speed (RPM)
NETThermalEfficiency(%)
12. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
12
Experimental Results: Exhaust Gas Temperatures
13. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
Simulation
13
• 1D Engine Simulation was utilized to scope the
High BMEP Build (Target 50 bar BMEP)
⁃ Determination of required air pressure and flow
⁃ Investigation of peak cylinder pressure over a range of
compression ratios
⁃ The same simulation model will be used to evaluate
the impact of water injection
14. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016 14
• Fuel Enrichment and
Combustion Phasing
both have large
impact on Net
Thermal Efficiency
• Good opportunity for
efficiency
improvements
Simulation Results
15. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
Simulation Results
15
3
3.25
3.5
3.75
4
4.25
4.5
4.75
5
700 750 800 850 900 950
Airflow (kg/hr)
PressureRatio(:)
Airflow and Pressure Requirement Over a Range of Lambda and Compression Ratio
(3000 RPM, 50 bar BMEP)
• Required P/R and mass
flow are challenging for
a single compressor
• Boost pressure is
currently supplied via an
external compressor
• Good candidate for
alternative boosting
systems (multi-stage,
compounded)
16. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
16
11.0:1 chosen as a compromise between efficiency, peak cylinder pressure, and
unburned gas temperature (knock propensity)
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
-75 -55 -35 -15 5 25 45 65 85 105 125
CR = 9.2:1
CR = 10.0:1
CR = 11.0:1
CR = 12.0:1
Auto-Ignition Temperature; Iso-Octane
Theta (Crank Angle)
UnburnedGasTemperature(K)
Impact of Compression Ratio on Unburned Gas Temperature
(3000 RPM, 50 bar BMEP)
A/F = 12.0
CA50 = 10° ATDC
Simulation Results
17. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
5/26/2016 17
• Patented jet-to-jet
collision breakup
mechanism
• Reduced spray
penetration and
improved liquid
atomization allow
faster water
vaporization rates
Water Injectors
18. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
5/26/2016 18
• Spray Targeted Nostrum
KiWi; Kinetic Water Injector
• Nostrum Water DI injector
(next phase)
Water Injectors used on this project
19. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
PFI Spray Targeting – Symmetric Spray
19
Intake port impingement due to
wider, non targeted-symmetric
spray plume
20. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
PFI Spray Targeting – Directional Spray
20
Intake port impingement avoided
significantly by a narrower,
directional spray plume targeted
to the back of the intake valve
21. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
PFI Spray Targeting – Directional Spray Movie
21
22. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
Liner & Piston Impingement
22
Fuel impingement on
the liner due to
improper spray
targeting
Piston Impingement
film
23. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016 23
Conclusions
• Port water injection has been successfully demonstrated
near current production best in class full load levels (~27
bar BMEP)
⁃ Enabled near MBT Combustion Phasing (water flow limited by
instrumentation) on “Regular” 87 AKI Fuel and stoichiometric
operation
⁃ Resulted in a significant increase in Net Thermal Efficiency over
production across all speeds
• 34% @ 3000 RPM
⁃ Resulted in a significant increase in NMEP over production across all
speeds
24. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
• Evaluate water injection at higher levels of BMEP
• Evaluate water injection at increased compression ratio
• Compare Direct Water Injection to Port Water Injection
• 1D Simulation of Water Injection
• Reduce water usage though spray targeting and reduction in
droplet size
24
Next Steps (Near Term)
25. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016 25
High BMEP Engine Components
• Currently no production engine
at this cylinder pressure
• Production intent
⁃ Forged Pistons & Connecting
Rods
⁃ High Strength head studs
⁃ 10W40 High ZDDP Synthetic
Oil
⁃ Increased valve lift
⁃ Increased valve spring stiffness
⁃ Larger High Pressure Fuel
Pump
• 83% increase in fuel flow
26. Engine Expo 2016 – Messe Stuttgart, Germany – May 31st to June 2nd 2016
Q&A
26
Sam Barros
Director of Research and Development
Nostrum Energy, LLC
info@nostrumenergy.com
www.nostrumenergy.com
For full powerpoint
