Labor and childbirth
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This document summarizes the key aspects of childbirth and labor, including: 1) The typical timing of labor between 37-42 weeks gestation and how hormones and baby's maturity influence its start. 2) Common signs that labor has begun like mucus discharge, cramps, and water breaking. 3) Details of a cesarean section including the use of epidurals and higher risks compared to vaginal birth. 4) Stages of giving birth from full dilation through pushing and delivery of the placenta. 5) Importance of immediate breastfeeding and cord cutting practices.
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Essential newborn care (ENC) involves basic care provided to newborns during the first hours, days, and weeks of life to support survival and wellbeing. It includes immediate care at birth, care during the first day, and up to 28 days. Ventilation must be initiated within 1 minute of life to support breathing, and breastfeeding should be initiated within 1 hour. ENC aims to prevent infection, hypothermia, and identify babies needing special care through clean delivery practices, thermal protection, and early breastfeeding. Follow-up visits are also important to assess growth, provide immunizations, and counsel mothers on danger signs.
ENC_Lecture2 (1).ppt
- Essential newborn care (ENC) includes immediate care at birth, during the first day and up to 28 days to support survival and wellbeing.
- Ventilation must be initiated within 1 minute of birth and help to initiate breastfeeding within the first hour to provide routine care and identify those needing special care.
- All precautions must be taken to prevent infection, hypothermia, and counselling provided to the mother regarding danger signs, immunization, and follow-up.
Breastfeeding Support for Healthcare Providers
This document provides guidance for healthcare providers on promoting and supporting breastfeeding. It outlines how hospitals are changing policies to emphasize breastfeeding per new healthcare laws. Nurses play a key role in encouraging breastfeeding given they often speak with new mothers first after birth. The document offers responses to common questions from mothers on breastfeeding and supplementing with formula to help address concerns and promote breastfeeding's benefits. It stresses the importance of proper latching and positioning to prevent nipple pain and supporting new mothers through growth spurts in the early weeks.
ENC_Lecture2 (1) (1).ppt
- Basic newborn care (ENC) includes immediate care at birth, care during the first day and up to 28 days to support survival and wellbeing.
- Ventilation must be initiated within 1 minute of birth, and all efforts should be made to help the mother initiate breastfeeding within the first hour.
- Newborns requiring special care, such as those born prematurely or with low birth weight, should be identified and referred appropriately.
- All precautions must be taken to prevent infection, hypothermia, and the mother should be counseled on danger signs and the importance of follow-up visits and immunizations.
ABNORMAL DELIVERY
The document discusses various types of abnormal and complicated deliveries including prolonged labor, malpresentations of the baby, multiple pregnancies, and operative vaginal deliveries. Prolonged labor can be caused by factors like inadequate contractions, overdistention of the uterus, an unfavorable baby position, or a small pelvis. Malpresentations occur when the baby is not head down and include breech, face, brow, transverse lie, and occiput posterior positions. Multiple pregnancies commonly refer to twins but can also include triplets. Operative vaginal deliveries like forceps and vacuum extraction are sometimes needed to assist delivery when spontaneous vaginal birth is not possible due to issues like fetal distress, maternal exhaustion
PARTURITION
Parturition, commonly known as childbirth or labor, is a natural and complex process through which a pregnant mammal gives birth to her offspring. This transformative event marks the culmination of the pregnancy journey, as the developing fetus is ready to transition from the safety of the mother's womb to the outside world. It is a remarkable phenomenon that involves intricate hormonal, physiological, and behavioral changes in both the mother and the fetus. In this essay, we will delve into the fascinating process of parturition, exploring its stages, hormonal influences, and the significance of this event in the continuation of species.
Parturition is a highly regulated process orchestrated by the intricate interplay of hormones. During pregnancy, the uterus provides a nurturing environment for the developing fetus, surrounded by the amniotic fluid. As the pregnancy reaches full term, the fetus secretes a hormone called cortisol, which stimulates the placenta to produce another hormone called prostaglandins. Prostaglandins play a crucial role in softening and thinning the cervix, the lower part of the uterus, preparing it for dilation. Additionally, the secretion of oxytocin, commonly referred to as the "love hormone" due to its role in bonding and social behavior, increases in response to fetal cortisol levels. Oxytocin triggers uterine contractions, initiating the labor process.
Parturition can be divided into three distinct stages: the latent phase, the active phase, and the placental phase. The latent phase is often the longest and least intense, characterized by irregular contractions that help in the gradual dilation and effacement of the cervix. During this phase, the expectant mother may experience a release of the mucus plug, known as the "show," indicating the progress of the cervical changes.
The active phase marks the onset of more intense and regular contractions. Oxytocin levels surge, and the contractions become stronger, more prolonged, and closer together. This stage leads to rapid cervical dilation and the eventual transition of the fetus into the birth canal. As the contractions intensify, the mother may experience increased discomfort and a strong urge to bear down and push. The amniotic sac may rupture, leading to the release of amniotic fluid, commonly referred to as the "breaking of water." This rupture also serves to facilitate the descent of the fetus.
The fetus's position and presentation are essential during childbirth. Ideally, the baby's head presents first as it is the largest and most efficient part to pass through the birth canal. In some cases, the baby may present in a breech position (feet or buttocks first) or in other less common positions, requiring additional medical attention and possibly a cesarean section.
During the active phase, the mother's body releases endorphins, which act as natural painkillers and help the mother cope with the increasing intensity of contractions.
Pregnancy, labor, and childbirth
This document provides an overview of pregnancy, labor, and childbirth. It discusses the three trimesters of pregnancy and common symptoms such as morning sickness, mood swings, and body aches. Stages of labor are explained, from early contractions to delivery of the placenta. Natural strategies for coping with labor pains are suggested, such as movement, touch, and water. The document cautions against practices like epidurals and immediate clamping of the umbilical cord. Finally, it stresses the importance of skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding after birth.
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Labor and childbirth
- 1. Chapter 16: Child Birth and Labor Siobhan Kelly
- 2. What Causes Labor • In a normal pregnancy, between 37-42 weeks is when labor begins. • Changes in hormonal levels in the women and the baby influence the timing of labor. • Also, the maturity and size of the baby play a role in labor.
- 3. Signs of Labor • Mucus seal may come out, tinged pink or streaked with blood • Loose stool • Cramps • Frequent contractions • Leaking of fluids • “water broke” or rupture of membranes.
- 4. Cesarean Section • Also known as the C-Section • The mother is given a spinal or epidural to make the abdomen and legs completely numb but the mother is completely awake and alert. • Cesarean sections are associated with a greater risk of death to the mother than having a vaginal delivery. • Babies born from a c-section are more likely to experience asthma as a child and is less likely to breastfeed.
- 5. Giving Birth • Intense contractions, a powerful opening up feeling and rectal pressure are several signs that indicate you are completely dilated. • Breathing deeply can help you relax. • Pushing is a way of moving the baby down while giving your body just what it wants, it can be very relieving.
- 6. Once The Baby is Born • Breast feeding will be easier for the baby to adapt to if it is nursed within the first hour or two after birth. • Breast feeding after birth can be helpful to the mother also because it causes the uterus to contract to expel the placenta and slow down any bleeding. • Cutting the umbilical cord is not always done immediately after birth, some doctors wait until it is confirmed that the baby is breathing.
- 7. Once The Baby is Born • Delivering the placenta is the end of the birthing process. • The umbilical cord lengthens, a contraction occurs and the placenta is expelled. • It is important that there is not fragments of placenta remaining in the uterus because it can cause hemorrhaging.
- 8. Interesting Quotes My favorite part about this chapter is that it shared actually experiences that women had during their child birthing process. The one that I enjoyed the most was this, it is so beautiful: “ I was in awe as I gazed into my baby’s face for the first time. He wasn’t crying, just looking intently at me. He was so tiny and new, but those eyes- they were so luminous and wise. He seemed regal; he had so much presence.”
- 9. Opinion When choosing a topic, I was immediately sure that I wanted to do the Childbirth and Labor section. I have always known that I wanted to work in the health field but until recently I have discovered that labor and childbirth interest me most. It is such a beautiful and natural process. I loved learning more about childbirth and they there are actually things that you can do to ease the pain during labor.