The document summarizes the birth process, which consists of three stages: early labor, active labor, pushing and delivery, and delivery of the placenta. Contractions become stronger and more frequent during early and active labor as the cervix dilates. Transition occurs when the cervix is fully dilated and pushing begins. The baby's head emerges during crowning and delivery. Shortly after, the placenta detaches and is delivered.

1. GROUP - 4
THE BIRTH PROCESS

2. What is The Birth Process?
The Birth Process, also known
as labor or delivery, is the ending
of pregnancy where one or more babies
leaves the uterus by passing through
the vagina or by Caesarean section.

3. Images showing delivery of baby by

4. Images showing delivery of the baby passing through the Vagina

5. How long does giving birth takes
Every pregnancy is different, and there is a wide
variation in the length of labor.
For first-time moms, labor often takes between 10 - 20
hours. For some women, though, it lasts much longer,
while for others it's over much sooner.
Labor generally progresses more quickly for women
who've already given birth vaginally.

6. Beginning signs of Labor

7. Stages of the Birth Process
First Stage
The first stage of labor is the longest stage,
especially if you are giving birth for the first time,
and can last anywhere from days to a few hours.
Early labor usually takes the longest amount of time
and transition the shortest.
The first stage of labor has three phases:
Early sometimes called Latent labor.
Active labor.
Transition labor.

8. Phase 1: Early labor
Contractions – You'll start getting contractions at
relatively regular intervals.
Note: Early labour contractions are sometimes hard to
distinguish from irregular ‘Braxton Hicks contractions’,
also called false labour.
Contractions get longer, stronger and closer together.
Eventually they'll be coming every four to five minutes and
lasting 40 to 60 seconds.
Contractions will tend to be relatively mild and last no
more than a minute.
Early labor ends when your cervix is about 6 cm dilated
and your progress starts to accelerate.

9. You may see a mucousy vaginal discharge. This may be
tinged with blood (the so- called bloody show). This is
perfectly normal, but if you see more than a tinge of blood,
call your caregiver.
Your water may break .Even if you're not having
contractions yet, call your provider if this happens.
You may feel some pain. Sometimes early labor
contractions are quite painful. If your labor is typical,
however, your early contractions will be mild enough for
you to talk through them.
Phase 1: Early Labor (Continued)

10. Image showing Early Labour

11. Phase 2: Active Labor
Active labor is when things really gets rolling. Your contractions
become increasingly intense – more regular, longer, and stronger –
and you'll no longer be able to talk through them.
• Contractions get more frequent. In most cases, the contractions
eventually happen every 2 1/2 to 3 minutes, although some women
never have them more often than every 5 minutes, even during
transition
• Cervix opens wider. Your cervix dilates more quickly. (The last
part of active labor, when the cervix dilates fully from 8 to 10
cm, is called transition, which is described in the next section.
• Your baby may begin to descend toward the end of active
labor, although he might have started to descend earlier, or
might not start until the next stage.
• Nausea and vomiting. This is fairly common at this stage, sometimes from
epidural anesthesia causing the blood pressure to drop, and sometimes
from stimulation of nerves that cause vomiting.

12. How long does Active Labour lasts
• If this is your first baby, active labour will last
between five to seven hours on average, although
every woman is different. It can be even longer, or
as short as an hour.
• If you’ve had a baby before, expect the active
phase to go more quickly, between two to four hours
average.
• If you have an epidural or a big baby, labour may
last longer.
Note: An epidural is an injection that goes into your
“epidural space,” which is right outside of the
membrane that protects your spinal cord.

13. Image showing Phase 2: Active labor

14. Phase 3: Transition
The last part of active labor is called the transition period
because it marks the shift to the second stage of labor
Transition can take anywhere from a few minutes to a few
hours. It's much more likely to be fast if you've already had a
vaginal delivery.
• Very strong contractions. This is the most intense part of labor.
Contractions are usually very strong, coming every two and a half
to three minutes or so and lasting a minute or more. You may start
shaking and shivering
• Fully dilated cervix. Your cervix dilates from 8 to a full 10 cm

15. • An urge to push. Some women begin to bear down
spontaneously – to "push" – and may even start making
deep grunting sounds. Some babies descend earlier and
the mom feels the urge to push before she's fully
dilated.
• Discharge. There's often a lot of bloody discharge.
• Nausea. You may feel nauseated or even vomit
• Pressure on your rectum. By the time your cervix is fully
dilated and transition is over, your baby has usually
descended somewhat into your pelvis. This is when you might
begin to feel rectal pressure, as if you have to move your
bowels
Phase 3 : Transition (Continued)

16. Image showing Transition Phase

17. Second Stage :Pushing
Once your cervix is fully dilated, the work of the second
stage of labor begins: the final descent and birth of your
baby.
Pushing: What it feels like
• More spaced out contractions. your contractions may be a little
further apart, giving you the chance for a much-needed rest between
them.
• Less intensity as pushing begins. Many women find their
contractions in the second stage easier to handle than the
contractions in active labor because bearing down offers some relief.
• Urge to push. As your uterus contracts, it exerts pressure on your baby,
moving him down the birth canal. If your baby is very low in your pelvis, you
may feel an urge to push early in the second stage (and sometimes even
before).

18. Pushing: What to expect
• You might want to take it slow -Waiting a while may leave you less
exhausted and frustrated in the end.
• You may be instructed to push -This practice, known as “laboring
down,” has been shown to be as effective as coached pushing, although
delivery may take a little longer
• Epidurals can reduce pushing feeling. If you have an epidural, the
loss of sensation can blunt the urge to push, so you may not feel it
until your baby's head has descended quite a bit.

19. Your baby's descent: What to expect
• Fast or slow. The descent may be rapid, or especially if
this is your first baby, the descent may be gradual.
• Your baby's head moves down, then back. When a
contraction is over and your uterus is relaxed, your
baby's head will recede slightly in a "two steps forward,
one step back" kind of progression.
With each contraction, the force of your uterus – combined with
the force of your abdominal muscles if you’re actively pushing-
exerts pressure on your baby to continue to move down through
the birth canal.

20. The first glimpse of your baby: What to expect.
• Your baby's scalp will appear. After a time, your perineum (the tissue
between your vagina and anus) will begin to bulge with each push, and
before long your baby's scalp will become visible – a very exciting moment
and a sign that the end is in sight
• Stronger pushing urge. Now the urge to push becomes even more
compelling. With each contraction, more and more of your baby's head
becomes visible. The pressure of his head on your perineum feels very
intense, and you may notice a strong burning or stinging sensation as your
tissue begins to stretch
• Instructions to slow down or pant. At some point, your caregiver may ask you
to push more gently or to stop pushing altogether so your baby's head has a
chance to gradually stretch out your vaginal opening and perineum. A slow,
controlled delivery can help keep your perineum from tearing.

21. Image showing the first glimpse of your baby:
What to expect.

22. Crowning: How the head emerges
• The whole head appears. Your baby's head continues to advance with
each push until it "crowns" – the time when the widest part of her head
is finally visible. : her forehead, her nose, her mouth, and, finally, her
chin
• Provider removes any blockages. After your baby's head emerges,
your doctor or midwife may suction her mouth and nose and will feel
around her neck for the umbilical cord.
• Baby's body gets ready to come out. Your baby's head then turns to
the side as her shoulders rotate inside your pelvis to get into
position for their exit. With the next contraction, you'll be coached
to push as her shoulders emerge, one at a time, followed by her
body.

23. Image showing Crowning: How the head emerges

24. Image showing baby’s body getting ready to come out

25. Out at last! What to expect.
• The baby needs to be dried off with a towel and kept warm..
• Your doctor or midwife may quickly suction your baby's mouth and nasal
passages if he seems to have a lot of mucus.
• If there are no complications, the baby will be lifted onto your bare belly so
you can touch, kiss, and simply marvel at him/her. The skin-to-skin contact
will keep your baby nice and toasty, and he'll be covered with a warm
blanket.
• Your caregiver will clamp the umbilical cord in two places and then cut
between the two clamps.
What happens once your baby hits the atmosphere:

26. Third stage : Delivering the placenta
• Minutes after giving birth, your uterus begins to contract again. The first few
contractions usually separate the placenta from your uterine wall.
• When your caregiver sees signs of separation, she may ask you to gently push
to help expel the placenta. This is usually one short push that's not at all
difficult or painful
• On average, the third stage of labor takes about five to ten minutes.
What to expect.

27. Image showing Placenta detaching from uterine wall

28. What happens after you give birth
• Your uterus contracts : After you deliver the placenta, your uterus
should contract and get very firm This is important because the
contraction of the uterus helps cut off and collapse the open blood
vessels at the site where the placenta was attached. If your uterus
doesn't contract properly, you'll continue to bleed profusely from those
vessels.
• You can try breastfeeding: If you’re planning to breastfeed, do so
now if you and your baby are both willing.
• You may receive oxytocin or other treatment. If you’re not going to
nurse or your uterus isn’t firm, you’ll be given oxytocin to help it
contract.
• Your caregiver will examine the placenta to make sure it’s all there.
Then she’ll check you thoroughly to spot any tears in your perineum that
need that need to be stitched.

29. Image showing the uterus contracts

31. References
(Mayo Clinic). Stages of Labor and Birth: Baby, it’s time!
Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.org
(Baby centre). What are the stages of Labor and delivery. Retrieved
from https://www.babycentre.com
(Health line). Labour and delivery: Signs, Stages and more
Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com
YouTube video(26th May,2017) - Scientific Animation. Child Birth
Process. Retrieved from http://www.scientificanimations.com
YouTube-Nucleus Medical Media(20th August,2012). Patient Education
Animation Labour and Birth Process. Retrieved from
http://www.nucleushealth.com

32. Group 4 Members:
1. Madavi Prashad
2. Manesha Deochand
3. Mohinie Narayan
4. Muneshwarie Chulie

33. THE END