L- beams or flanged beams
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The document discusses L-beams, which are floor beams that have slabs on only one side. L-beams are common in reinforced concrete structures and experience bending moment, shear force, and torsional moment from one-sided loading. The effective width of an L-beam flange is calculated according to code recommendations based on factors like beam spacing and length. Design of L-beams involves determining the flange width, selecting a beam depth, checking moment of resistance, and adding reinforcement as needed to resist bending and shear loads.
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https://civilinsider.com/difference-between-one-way-slab-and-two-way-slab/
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Get PPT here
https://civilinsider.com/difference-between-one-way-slab-and-two-way-slab/
What is a Slab?
Slabs are the one of the most widely used structural elements whose depth is considerably smaller than rest of the dimensions. Basically slabs are used as roofs and floors in buildings, roof and bottom on water tanks, on bridges etc.
Slabs support and transfer load i.e. Dead load and live load, to columns by shear, flexure, and torsion. Slabs also help in reducing the effects of lateral wind loads and earthquake loads.
What is One Way Slab?
One way slabs are the slabs in which most of the loads are carried on the shorter span. The ratio of longer span to shorter span is equal to or greater than two or when the slab is supported by beams only along two opposite sides slab then the slab behaves as a One-way slab.
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Two-way slabs are the slabs in which loads are carried on both of the spans. The ratio of longer span to shorter span is less than two and when the slab is supported by beams along all the sides then the slab behaves as a two-way slab.
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This document provides information about the design of strap footings. It begins with an overview of strap footings, noting they are used to connect an eccentrically loaded column footing to an interior column. The strap transmits moment caused by eccentricity to the interior footing to generate uniform soil pressure beneath both footings.
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This document discusses composite structures, which combine steel and concrete materials. The key elements of composite structures are composite deck slabs, beams, and columns, along with shear connectors. Composite structures take advantage of concrete's compressive strength and steel's tensile strength. They provide benefits like increased load capacity, stiffness, fire resistance, and cost savings compared to traditional steel or concrete construction alone. An example project, the Millennium Tower in Vienna, is described. The document analyzes costs and concludes that composite structures are best suited for high-rise buildings due to reduced weight, increased ductility, and savings of around 10% compared to reinforced concrete.
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PRAKASH PPT
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Beam and slab design
- A beam-and-slab system uses a one-way slab supported by beams cast compositely with the slab, forming an efficient floor system.
- The slab is designed as a continuous slab using continuous beam theory or a simplified coefficient method. Beams act as L-beams on edges and T-beams interiorly.
- T-beams and L-beams save weight while providing a greater lever arm for strength and stiffness over conventional beams. Ensuring the beam and slab are securely connected requires attention to vertical and horizontal shear forces.
Deep beams
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- Deep beams transfer significant load through compression forces between the load and supports. Shear deformations are more prominent.
- Design of deep beams requires considering two-dimensional effects, non-linear stress distributions, and large shear deformations. Procedures include checking minimum thickness, designing for flexure and shear, and detailing reinforcement.
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The document discusses buckling of columns under axial compression. It describes:
1) Different buckling theories including elastic buckling, inelastic buckling using tangent modulus theory and reduced modulus theory. Shanley's theory accounts for the effect of transverse displacement.
2) Factors affecting buckling strength including end conditions, initial crookedness, and residual stresses. Effective length accounts for end restraint.
3) Local buckling of thin plate elements can reduce the column's strength before its calculated buckling strength is reached. Flange and web buckling must be prevented.
Lec 20 21-22
This document summarizes lecture content on the flexural analysis and design of reinforced concrete T-beams and L-beams. It discusses the effective width of flanges, flexural behavior cases where the flange is in tension or compression, and analysis approaches depending on whether the neutral axis lies within or outside the flange. Procedures are provided for checking tension-controlled failure, calculating flexural capacity from the compression and tension sides, and designing beams by selecting trial dimensions, calculating reinforcement ratios, and detailing. An example is given to design an interior T-beam under given loading and moment capacity conditions.
Lec 20 21-22 -flexural analysis and design of beams-2007-r
This document summarizes lecture content on the flexural analysis and design of reinforced concrete T-beams and L-beams. It discusses the effective width of flanges, flexural behavior cases where the flange is in tension or compression, and analysis approaches depending on whether the neutral axis lies within or outside the flange. Formulas are provided for calculating forces, moments, and steel ratios. The design process involves selecting beam dimensions, determining the effective width, checking the neutral axis position, and iterating as needed to satisfy strength and serviceability requirements. An example problem demonstrates the full T-beam design process.
Intze ppt
The document compares the design of an Intze water tank using membrane design and continuity analysis methods. Membrane design assumes members act independently and are only subjected to direct stresses, while continuity analysis considers restraint at edges causing secondary stresses. For a 9 lakh liter tank, continuity analysis results in higher hoop forces, moments, and steel reinforcement compared to membrane design. A similar trend is seen for a 6 lakh liter tank, with continuity analysis giving higher stresses and reinforcement.
Unsymmetrical welded jonts ppt
This document discusses axially loaded unsymmetrical welded joints and their applications. It presents on the topic by four students and is guided by Prof. R.R. Barshikar. It introduces welding and types of welded joints such as butt and lap joints. It then examines unsymmetrical welded joints where sections like angles are welded to plates or beams under axial loading. It analyzes how to proportion the weld lengths to achieve equilibrium. The document outlines advantages of welded joints like strength and ease of alterations, and disadvantages like need for skilled labor and potential for distortion. It lists references used in the presentation.
T-Beams...PRC_I
Prepared by madam rafia firdous. She is a lecturer and instructor in subject of Plain and Reinforcement concrete at University of South Asia LAHORE,PAKISTAN.
Roof bar design- a case study
1. The author proposes modifications to the roof bar (girder) design used for strata control in underground mines extracting thick seams via the blasting gallery method.
2. The existing roof bar design fails prematurely due to bending stresses, as support resistance from props is transferred to the roof bar rather than the roof.
3. The author's modified design places lagging directly above props to transfer support resistance to the roof, eliminating bending of the roof bar. The web thickness and dimensions are also increased to strengthen the roof bar against failure.
Strata control
1. The author proposes modifications to the roof bar (girder) design used for strata control in underground mines extracting thick coal seams via the blasting gallery method.
2. The existing roof bar design fails prematurely due to bending stresses, as support resistance from props is transferred to the roof bar rather than the roof.
3. The author's modified design places wooden lagging directly above props to transfer support resistance to the roof, eliminating bending of the roof bar. The web thickness and dimensions are also increased to strengthen the roof bar against failure.
Design of Beam- RCC Singly Reinforced Beam
Concrete beams are an essential part of civil structures. Learn the design basis, calculations for sizing, tension reinforcement, and shear reinforcement for a concrete beam.
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L- beams or flanged beams
- 1. PROJECT REPORT ON L-BEAMS Submitted By:- Jagmeet Singh Sidhu D3Ce,6040. Submitted To:- Dr.HS Rai HOD Civil Depertment
- 2. L - Beams The end beams which have slabs on one side only,acts as L-beams. In most of the reinforced concrete structures,concrete slabs are cast monolithic. In a floor consisting of several beams cast monolithically with the slab,the intermediate beams act as T-beams whereas the beams at top of the corners of the walls or beams around the staircase or lift openings are called L-beams .Thus,T-beams and L-beams forms a part of the floor system together with slab. L-beams are typical floor beams because of the reduced overall structural depth,the beams are in prestressed or reinforced concrete.
- 4. Type of stress in L-beams :- In bending the beams take tension forces and slabs takes compression forces. Since the L-beams receive their loads from one side only,they are subjected to considerable amount of torsional moments .So L-beams are subjected to bending moment,shear force and torsional moment.
- 5. Combination of T and L-beams
- 6. Moment carried by flange of L-beams. The moment M1 causes torsion in the beam and is known as the torsion moment which is restricted by the rectangular portion only and the flange does not contribute to torsional moment of resistance.
- 7. The central load W causes bending moment in the beam which is joined restricted by the rectangular portion of the beam as well as the flange. Moment carried by flange of L-beams and the slab.
- 8. Changes in floor level may be accommodated by either an L-beam or by building up one side of an inverted T-beam, as shown in the figure.
- 9. Code recommends that effective width of the flange of beams may be taken as follows :- 1. For L-beams,lesser of :- [a] bf = lo/12 + bw + 3Df [b] bf = X1 + bw 2. For Isolated L-beams,lessor of :- [a] bf = 0.5lo/(lo+b)+4 + bw [b] bf = b Where ,bf = effective width of flange bw = breath of rib or web b = actual width of flange lo = distance between points of zero moment in abeam. X1 and X2 = half of clear distance between two adjacent beams.
- 10. The design principles to be followed while designing L-beam. Given:- 1. Type of mix 2. Thickness of slab 3. Bending and shear force Step-1:- Determine width of flange bf . Step-2:- Fix up a suitable depth arbitery. Step-3:- Calculate moment of resistance of the section assuming the failure of concrete to occur.If the moment of resistance is greater than bending moment assumed depth is ok,otherwise either increase the depth of the section or provide additional reinforcement in compression side in addition to the tension side.
- 11. Step 4:- Calculate the amount of tension steel for actual bending moment treating it as a balanced section. Step 5:- Check for the shear and provide shear reinforcement. Step 6:- Check of Deflection. Step 7:- Check for end anchoring and development length.
- 12. THANK YOU.