This study examined Kwara central undergraduates’ perceived peer pressure
on youths’ involvement in kidnapping. This study was a descriptive survey.
The population comprised of all undergraduates in Kwara Central Senatorial
District. The target population was undergraduates from University of Ilorin
and Alhikmah University, 500 students were randomly selected. A researcher
design questionnaire was used for data collection while data collected were
analyzed using frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation (SD),
ranking T-test and one-way analysis of variance. Research hypotheses were
tested using independent T-test and also one-way analysis of variance at 0.05
level of significance. Findings revealed that peer pressure influences youth
involvement in kidnapping in Nigeria; there was no significant difference in
the influence of peer pressure on youth’s involvement in kidnapping as
perceived by undergraduates based on academic level and school type. It was
concluded that peer pressure influences youths’ involvement in kidnapping in
Nigeria. We recommend both school and home adequate monitoring of
students peers and friends at home and schools to prevent them from bad
groups, adequate legislation to curb youth participation in kidnapping, good
leadership examples for young ones to emulate and value reorientation of
youths should be given top priority in educational curriculum.
Tactful Intelligence Sharing and Synergy among the Nigerian Security Operativ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Nigeria‟s peace and human security is currently engulfed in turmoil. And one of the notable
problems of insecurity in the country is menace of advanced cult killings on daily basis most especially the
upsurge of a dreaded cult group known as “Badoo”, that carries out attacks on human lives in Ikorodu suburb of
Lagos State, Nigeria. Residents of Ikorodu and others suburbs in Lagos State, Nigeria now live in perpetual
phobia and the menace has forced several others to have fled the state. The dreaded “Badoo” cult group killings
and attacks pose dangerous threats to human lives, national peace and security. Among the notable factors
aiding the emergence of such dreaded cult group in the state are; poor intelligence gathering and synergy on the
part of Nigerian security operatives, frustration, financial assistance, injustice, forced membership,
unemployment among youths, get-rich-quick syndrome on the part of many Nigerian youths, drug abuse among
others. The study examines threats posed by the menace to human lives, state‟s peace and security; it assesses
the concerted efforts of Nigerian government and security operatives in combating the menace. The study
concludes that, lack of adequate intelligence gathering, general insecurity in the country, corruption, abject
poverty and youth unemployment remain the factors hindering a total arrest of the menace in Nigeria. It also
requests the need for giving adequate support to security operatives by the citizens; continuous
orientation/education for the youths, good laws and governance, adequate intelligence gathering on the part of
security agents to nip the menace in the bud.
KEYWORDS: Badoo cultists, Human security, Security intelligence, Unemployment, Good governance,
Lagos.
Library and information services for nationalOnyema Nsirim
This document discusses the role of library and information services in addressing national security and insurgency in Nigeria. It outlines the security information needs of different groups like policymakers, security agents, citizens, and youths/children. It also examines the causes of insurgency in Nigeria and traces the emergence of groups like Boko Haram. The document recommends that libraries should collaborate with security agencies to provide relevant security information to different groups. It argues that an informed society through effective library services can help address the root causes of insecurity and promote peace.
This document examines the link between bad governance and perpetuation of insecurity in Nigeria. It argues that the current security challenges plaguing Nigeria stem from injustice, corruption, and selfish governance by political leaders. Since Nigeria's return to democracy in 1999 after military rule, incidents of ethnic, communal, religious and resource conflicts have persisted across much of the country. This is exacerbated by leaders failing to address issues like poverty alleviation, unemployment, resource allocation and infrastructure development. The document concludes that overcoming insecurity in Nigeria requires strong political will from leaders and commitment to fighting it, as well as unity among Nigerians.
This document summarizes a research paper on the impact of corruption on political stability in Nigeria and implications for reorienting political values. It finds that Nigerian politics has been characterized by unfulfilled promises, corruption, greed, violence, tribalism and intimidation compared to developed countries. Corruption manifests through fraud, embezzlement of public funds, inflated contracts, bribery and negatively impacts Nigeria's social, political and economic development, resulting in instability. The paper recommends ways to control corruption, including behavior modification, transparency in governance, political will, and sustaining democracy. It argues that diligent implementation of these recommendations could help Nigerians enjoy the benefits of democracy and development.
Combating Youth Restiveness in Nigeria: Proferring Workable SolutionsAJHSSR Journal
This document discusses youth restiveness in Nigeria, which refers to unrest among Nigerian youths. It examines the causes and consequences of youth restiveness. The key causes identified include high unemployment, poverty, exclusion of youth from politics, corruption, bad governance, and inequitable distribution of resources. The consequences include political instability, insecurity, and a deterrent effect on local and foreign investment. The document recommends solutions like creating jobs through entrepreneurship education and promoting social justice and equitable development.
The Role of Youths in Electoral Processes: An Appraisal of the Nigerian 2015 ...inventionjournals
Youths represent a significant proportion of the Nigerian Population, but in spite of this, their level of political participation and representation in the electoral process in the past has been very poor and often times undermined; being largely noticed at the level of electoral malpractices, voting irregularities and covert or overtthuggery in support of political office seekers who paradoxically have dominated the political arena to the point of total exclusion of the youths, yet all groups (youths inclusive) seek to influence dispensation of power. The research therefore sets out to analytically x-ray the issues and challenges that confronted youths in previous general elections viz a viz the tremendous effort made by youths in making the 2015 general elections a success, by particularly the use of social media as a propaganda machine and the dogged attitude displayed in the course of retrieving permanent voters card which is unparrarelled and unprecedented. The research implores the use of vivid descriptive scenarios to make sound and logical arguments on the plight and strive of youth in forestalling equity and fair play in our electoral process and also on the strides recorded thereof. Using variables such as lack of proper electoral education and sensitization in the past, religious, regional and sectional divide, poverty, deprivation, thuggery, social media, permanent voters card and so forth, the researchers conclude that youths have in the past been largely responsible for scuttling elections but were however instrumental to the success of the 2015 general elections. It therefore recommends amongst other things that, it is imperative to develop and enhance the capability of youths in the electoral process by creating a robust orientation programme and also engaging them to become financially and morally equip, so as to drastically reduce if not totally eradicate arm-twisting or manipulation of youths in the society.
Predictors and Incidence of Kidnapping in Contemporary Nigeria: A Socio-Crimi...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, which is essentially a literature review, the researcher undertook a critical investigation into the major predictors and incidence of kidnapping in contemporary Nigeria. The paper further reviewed the various scholars’ and media pundits’ perspectives on kidnapping. Nigeria is in the throes of kidnapping occasioned by a multiplicity of both individual risk factors and social forces. The rising incidence of kidnapping is disturbingly high and destructive to both human and capital development in the country. The current pattern or trend of kidnapping in contemporary Nigeria is a basket case; little wonder therefore that the latest global ranking placed Nigeria as the fourth most notorious kidnapping nation where people can be easily kidnapped with impunity. The quest to settle political differences, inordinate ambition to acquire and accumulate wealth, poverty and social exclusion, perpetual pains of unemployment, and reaction to existing detestable social and political developments are some of the main causes of kidnapping in Nigeria. The central policy implication of this paper is that it will guide security agencies and policy makers on crime and criminality in making reliable policies that will reduce the incidence of kidnapping in Nigeria to the barest minimum.
Tactful Intelligence Sharing and Synergy among the Nigerian Security Operativ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: Nigeria‟s peace and human security is currently engulfed in turmoil. And one of the notable
problems of insecurity in the country is menace of advanced cult killings on daily basis most especially the
upsurge of a dreaded cult group known as “Badoo”, that carries out attacks on human lives in Ikorodu suburb of
Lagos State, Nigeria. Residents of Ikorodu and others suburbs in Lagos State, Nigeria now live in perpetual
phobia and the menace has forced several others to have fled the state. The dreaded “Badoo” cult group killings
and attacks pose dangerous threats to human lives, national peace and security. Among the notable factors
aiding the emergence of such dreaded cult group in the state are; poor intelligence gathering and synergy on the
part of Nigerian security operatives, frustration, financial assistance, injustice, forced membership,
unemployment among youths, get-rich-quick syndrome on the part of many Nigerian youths, drug abuse among
others. The study examines threats posed by the menace to human lives, state‟s peace and security; it assesses
the concerted efforts of Nigerian government and security operatives in combating the menace. The study
concludes that, lack of adequate intelligence gathering, general insecurity in the country, corruption, abject
poverty and youth unemployment remain the factors hindering a total arrest of the menace in Nigeria. It also
requests the need for giving adequate support to security operatives by the citizens; continuous
orientation/education for the youths, good laws and governance, adequate intelligence gathering on the part of
security agents to nip the menace in the bud.
KEYWORDS: Badoo cultists, Human security, Security intelligence, Unemployment, Good governance,
Lagos.
Library and information services for nationalOnyema Nsirim
This document discusses the role of library and information services in addressing national security and insurgency in Nigeria. It outlines the security information needs of different groups like policymakers, security agents, citizens, and youths/children. It also examines the causes of insurgency in Nigeria and traces the emergence of groups like Boko Haram. The document recommends that libraries should collaborate with security agencies to provide relevant security information to different groups. It argues that an informed society through effective library services can help address the root causes of insecurity and promote peace.
This document examines the link between bad governance and perpetuation of insecurity in Nigeria. It argues that the current security challenges plaguing Nigeria stem from injustice, corruption, and selfish governance by political leaders. Since Nigeria's return to democracy in 1999 after military rule, incidents of ethnic, communal, religious and resource conflicts have persisted across much of the country. This is exacerbated by leaders failing to address issues like poverty alleviation, unemployment, resource allocation and infrastructure development. The document concludes that overcoming insecurity in Nigeria requires strong political will from leaders and commitment to fighting it, as well as unity among Nigerians.
This document summarizes a research paper on the impact of corruption on political stability in Nigeria and implications for reorienting political values. It finds that Nigerian politics has been characterized by unfulfilled promises, corruption, greed, violence, tribalism and intimidation compared to developed countries. Corruption manifests through fraud, embezzlement of public funds, inflated contracts, bribery and negatively impacts Nigeria's social, political and economic development, resulting in instability. The paper recommends ways to control corruption, including behavior modification, transparency in governance, political will, and sustaining democracy. It argues that diligent implementation of these recommendations could help Nigerians enjoy the benefits of democracy and development.
Combating Youth Restiveness in Nigeria: Proferring Workable SolutionsAJHSSR Journal
This document discusses youth restiveness in Nigeria, which refers to unrest among Nigerian youths. It examines the causes and consequences of youth restiveness. The key causes identified include high unemployment, poverty, exclusion of youth from politics, corruption, bad governance, and inequitable distribution of resources. The consequences include political instability, insecurity, and a deterrent effect on local and foreign investment. The document recommends solutions like creating jobs through entrepreneurship education and promoting social justice and equitable development.
The Role of Youths in Electoral Processes: An Appraisal of the Nigerian 2015 ...inventionjournals
Youths represent a significant proportion of the Nigerian Population, but in spite of this, their level of political participation and representation in the electoral process in the past has been very poor and often times undermined; being largely noticed at the level of electoral malpractices, voting irregularities and covert or overtthuggery in support of political office seekers who paradoxically have dominated the political arena to the point of total exclusion of the youths, yet all groups (youths inclusive) seek to influence dispensation of power. The research therefore sets out to analytically x-ray the issues and challenges that confronted youths in previous general elections viz a viz the tremendous effort made by youths in making the 2015 general elections a success, by particularly the use of social media as a propaganda machine and the dogged attitude displayed in the course of retrieving permanent voters card which is unparrarelled and unprecedented. The research implores the use of vivid descriptive scenarios to make sound and logical arguments on the plight and strive of youth in forestalling equity and fair play in our electoral process and also on the strides recorded thereof. Using variables such as lack of proper electoral education and sensitization in the past, religious, regional and sectional divide, poverty, deprivation, thuggery, social media, permanent voters card and so forth, the researchers conclude that youths have in the past been largely responsible for scuttling elections but were however instrumental to the success of the 2015 general elections. It therefore recommends amongst other things that, it is imperative to develop and enhance the capability of youths in the electoral process by creating a robust orientation programme and also engaging them to become financially and morally equip, so as to drastically reduce if not totally eradicate arm-twisting or manipulation of youths in the society.
Predictors and Incidence of Kidnapping in Contemporary Nigeria: A Socio-Crimi...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, which is essentially a literature review, the researcher undertook a critical investigation into the major predictors and incidence of kidnapping in contemporary Nigeria. The paper further reviewed the various scholars’ and media pundits’ perspectives on kidnapping. Nigeria is in the throes of kidnapping occasioned by a multiplicity of both individual risk factors and social forces. The rising incidence of kidnapping is disturbingly high and destructive to both human and capital development in the country. The current pattern or trend of kidnapping in contemporary Nigeria is a basket case; little wonder therefore that the latest global ranking placed Nigeria as the fourth most notorious kidnapping nation where people can be easily kidnapped with impunity. The quest to settle political differences, inordinate ambition to acquire and accumulate wealth, poverty and social exclusion, perpetual pains of unemployment, and reaction to existing detestable social and political developments are some of the main causes of kidnapping in Nigeria. The central policy implication of this paper is that it will guide security agencies and policy makers on crime and criminality in making reliable policies that will reduce the incidence of kidnapping in Nigeria to the barest minimum.
Security challenges as threats to national unity in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses security challenges threatening national unity in Nigeria. It examines the causes of security challenges, including a failing state as evidenced by inability to ensure national security and food/social security, bad governance including corruption, duplicated/inefficient security agency functions and inadequate training/equipment, and religious ideologies that divide people. The document aims to enhance national unity by suggesting ways to prevent security challenges that endanger Nigeria's heterogeneous state and development.
Security challenges as threats to national unity in nigeriaAlexander Decker
This document discusses security challenges threatening national unity in Nigeria. It examines the causes of security challenges, the relationship between security challenges and national unity, and suggestions for prevention. The key causes identified are a failing state as evidenced by inability to ensure national security and food/social security for citizens, bad governance including corruption, overlapping/inadequate security agencies, and extremist religious ideologies. The paper aims to enhance national unity through addressing these root causes of security threats in Nigeria.
Corruption Political Party System and Nigerian Democracy An Historical Analys...ijtsrd
Liberal democracy all over the world is a welcome phenomenon. In every modern society the game of politics is influenced tremendously by the elite class that projects the political culture which could make or mar democracy, as a result of the activities of the political parties. The adoption of western democracy is a mixed bag of blessing and catastrophes in the body politics of the country. Today, it is difficult to reconcile Nigerian democracy with that of the advanced democratic Countries. In Nigeria, politics is regarded as a “dirty game” which scares away the down trodden people. It has been noted that the level of socio economic development in the country is significantly related to the nature of politics in vogues. Political parties are primarily aimed at primitive accumulation of wealth. Where, “the end justifies the means” . The prevailing election rigging, thuggery, corruption, fear and intimidation by security agencies as well as hate speech in the campaigns of the politicians reflect value degeneration with the attendant instability in the country’s democracy. To this send, the paper examined political parties in Nigeria An historical Perspective from 1960 – 2019 looking at the roles of political parties as they affect the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria. Three 3 theoretical frameworks were used in the study namely Social learning theory SLT , Social Disorganization theory SDT and Corruption Permissiveness theory CPT .The study noted that Nigeria’s political parties from 1960 2019 has witnessed some challenging situation like ethnicity, corruption, violence, military intervention, civil and electoral deficiencies. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that registered political parties should not be vehicles for the articulation and implementation of ethnic, religious or regional projects and programmes and that they should remain national in scope, courage and orientation. Aristotle Isaac Jacobs | Tarabina Veronica Pamo | Abidde Kilegha Victoria "Corruption, Political Party System and Nigerian Democracy: An Historical Analysis from 1960 – 2019" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38079.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/38079/corruption-political-party-system-and-nigerian-democracy-an-historical-analysis-from-1960-– -2019/aristotle-isaac-jacobs
The document discusses the pull factors that attract young people to join terrorist organizations like the Abu Sayyaf Group in the Philippines, using it as a case study. It argues that there are both ideational and material pull factors. Ideationally, terrorist groups use radical religious ideologies to attract youth and give their lives meaning. Materially, they offer monetary rewards, supplies, and support to families to entice impoverished youth. The Abu Sayyaf Group initially grew due to the charismatic preaching of its founder but later resorted more to kidnapping-for-ransom activities to fund recruitment through financial incentives as ideological fervor waned. Understanding these pull factors is important for counterterrorism policy.
International terrorism scope, causes and the role of education in combating ...SARON MESSEMBE OBIA
The global dimension of international security and violence has stimulated the rise of youth in the world and Africa in particular. The focus is no longer on policing terrorism, but rather understanding the mutations and how education can help combat terrorism.
Youth, unemployment and national security in nigeriaOnyinye Chime
Abstract
Youth unemployment as it concerns national security has been garnering a significant body of literature. In the
burgeoning literature, the component parts of youth, unemployment and national security is not adequately
assessed and analyzed. This paper is an attempt to describe and analyze the component parts for a better
appreciation of youth unemployment on national security issues and challenges. The paper goes on to confirm
and put in historical perspective that the youth bulge and unemployment are catalysts to national security issues
and challenges. While not diminishing their importance, the paper posits that some of the data used in analyzing
unemployment need to be re-evaluated, placed in context and a new perspective proffered on the role and
importance of youth unemployment in the broad area of national security.
Anti Social Behaviours Among Nigerian Adolescentsiosrjce
This paper critically examines the behaviors regarded as antisocial. The causes of antisocial behaviors
with reference to factors such as: the nature of the home environment, gender, socio economic status of parents,
peer group influence, residential location. The paper further poses the effects of antisocial behavior. The
implications ofadolescents’ antisocial behaviors onnational development such as unattractive destination for
tourists, low foreign investment, unemployment, poverty and hunger, insecurity of life and poverty. Finally, the
paper recommends among others, parents and guardians should show love and care to their children and wards.
They should endeavor to monitor the type of image their children watch on television or video machines and effort
should be made to advise them against watching violent images, keep away from friends or peers whose behaviors
do not conform to the norms and values of the society.
Protection of Children in context of IHL and Counter TerrorismNilendra Kumar
Women and children need to be fully protected during armed conflict situations. Further, children are not to be recruited or employed in armed conflicts. IHL provisions are specific and clear in this regard. This presentation would highlight the law in this regard.
Youth in Contemporary Politics Roles and Benefits in Nigeriaijtsrd
The youth in contemporary Nigerian politics has played the role of acting the political thug for older politicians in the country. In this study, the researchers set out to examine the role and benefits of the youth in modern-day politics with specific reference to the recent Nigerias ‘‘Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill. It is in this light that this paper adopted Role theory in explaining the role of the youth in contemporary Nigerian politics. It is obvious that with the Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill, the youth in Nigeria can now participate effectively in the nations political processes, and not continue to play the dirty role of hooligan on the payroll of the sit-tight political leader who wants to perpetuate himself in power. The paper contends that the Federal government and the electoral umpire body, the Independent National Electoral Commission INEC , should make it a priority to fully implement the Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill, to give many more youths the opportunity to vie for electoral offices in the country. In addition, youths should be included in the nations political processes by enlightening them on their role and benefits in such processes not just to function as political thugs but to aspire to run for electoral offices themselves. Patrick Oromareghake, PhD | Oluka, Nduka Lucas "Youth in Contemporary Politics: Roles and Benefits in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21518.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/21518/youth-in-contemporary-politics-roles-and-benefits-in-nigeria/patrick-oromareghake-phd
Repositioning education for security and unemployment challengesMustapha Sani Sumaila
The document discusses repositioning education in Nigeria to address security challenges and unemployment. It defines security and insecurity, highlighting incidents in Nigeria like Boko Haram attacks. Unemployment is also defined. The document argues that education is key to developing the economy but Nigeria's education goals have been undermined by factors like corruption, poor leadership, and an ineffective criminal justice system contributing to insecurity. Education must be repositioned to foster national development, unity, and provide opportunities to curb unemployment and insecurity.
Prognosis of Theories of Intelligence in Counter Terrorism The Case of the No...YogeshIJTSRD
The Northern West part of Nigeria is faced with several security challenges that have threatened the existence of peace and security in the region. These threats to public safety and regional security have greatly undermined the governments primary responsibility of guaranteeing public safety and national security. This work, therefore, is on the prognosis of theories of intelligence in counterterrorism The case of North Western Nigeria. The study utilised primary and secondary data sources. The Primary data sources were from questionnaires administered physically and electronically via emails while, secondary data came from published books, journals, articles, lecture guides and videos. Acquired data were statistically analysed using simple percentage and Chi Square statistics. Sequel to the statistical results, findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between intelligence gathering and terrorism in Nort West, Nigeria. The study recommends that there should be training and retraining of personnel of the intelligence community to be able to meet up with the current trends and changes in the contemporary Nigerian environments for the effective gathering of intelligence and the ability to utilize it for productive law enforcement. Jonjon, Emmanuel "Prognosis of Theories of Intelligence in Counter-Terrorism: The Case of the Northwestern Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40057.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/40057/prognosis-of-theories-of-intelligence-in-counterterrorism-the-case-of-the-northwestern-nigeria/jonjon-emmanuel
Empowering Youth through Volunteerism: The Importance of Global Motivating Fa...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Running head BUSINESS RESEARCH PROPOSAL (BUSINESS RESEARCH .docxsusanschei
Running head: BUSINESS RESEARCH PROPOSAL
(
BUSINESS RESEARCH PROPOSAL
) (
12
)
BUSINESS RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Name of student:
Name of university:
Author note:
Proposal summary
In Sierra Leone civil unrest perpetrated by the discontented and anxious youth has become a common phenomenon. The manifest violence perpetrated by the youth have been recognized as the consequence of substance abuse in the form of drug and alcohol abuse, domestic abuse, and the high rate of unemployment in Sierra Leone. The government has been slow in recognizing the power of the youth and channelizing their potential. However, more initiatives need to be taken that would sustain the effectiveness of the program. Youth forums and the inclusion of the youth in identifying the sources and solutions of violence is the most promising initiative. The youth should be turned into resources and awareness should be created about the different sources that propel violence.
Introduction (Position)
The Sierra Leone civil war that took place for more than eight years have been found as an outcome of the discontentment of the youth with the government. According to Christophe (2018), the term youth in the context of Sierra Leone refers to individuals in the age group of 15 to 35 who comprises of one-third of the population. However, presently the country has experience a series of outbreak of violence from the youth. Some of the factors that have recognized for this eruption in violence are repeated domestic violence, drug and alcohol abuse, and unemployment. It is found that there is lack of vigorous approach from the government in providing employment to the youth (Betancourt, McBain, Newnham and Brennan 2015). Education is not given impetus in the country as a result of which the youth population feel frustrated and resort to violence to articulate their grievances. The aim of this paper is to delve into the causes and possibilities of violence. The paper also looks into the interventions of the government and suggests recommendations that the Sierra Leone Youth Empowerment would like to propose to the President of Republic of Sierra Leone H.E Dr Julius Madda Bio.
The issue and the possibilities
Sierra Leone has become the bastion of violence. According to Betancourt, McBain, Newnham and Brennan (2014), the unemployment rate among the youth in Sierra Leone around 60 per cent. They portend the risk of violence from the violence and organized crime from the gangs in Sierra Leone. According to a study conducted by Bo et al, there is a growing trend of brewing violence. According to Enria (2014) all possible violent crimes like murder, sexual assault, assassination have become normalized in the Sierra Leone society. The country has become violent since the inception of the rebellion. There has been a rise in the number of shootings, robberies, violent incidents of rape and stabbings. This alarming rate in the increase in violence has fou ...
This document discusses building a corruption-free society in Nigeria. It defines corruption and classifies it into four categories: academic, economic/financial, political, and judicial. It then provides seven solutions to combating corruption in Nigeria, including curriculum reform to teach anti-corruption, media enlightenment campaigns, strengthening family values, reforming the judiciary, reorienting public servants and youth, increasing ethical teachings in religious institutions, and leading by example through transparent governance.
Youth Restiveness in Nigeria: Challenge for CounsellingIJAEMSJORNAL
The paper examined the meaning of youth restiveness in Nigeria, its causes and challenge for counselling. The youths were seen as young people who are still in the most active period of their lives. They are cognitively capable of hypothetical deductions, analysis and synthesis of situations by which they find themselves. They are restive; in other words impatient, obstinate and agitated especially when they are not satisfied with the state of things around them. The complexity of modern life makes the situation to be even more difficult for the youths, while the Nigerian factor further complicates matters for them. Some of the factors that contributed to the restiveness of youths in Nigeria include: leadership styles, economic situation, educational pursuits, poverty, unemployment, marginalization, exuberance, drugs, sexually transmitted diseases and activities of significant adults in the communities. Good guidance and counselling were seen as possible strategies that could help in harnessing the inert potentials of the youths and channeling them into vehicles for national development (if the challenges are dealt with); otherwise their restiveness could become fuel for mal-adaptive and mal-adjustive behaviour, thus constituting social problems for the nation as a whole.
Socio-Political Implications of Youth Unemployment on Nigeria’s Economic Deve...iosrjce
Youth unemployment may be regarded as one of the major problems confronting the Nigerian state
presently. Unemployed youths feel alienated from the society and have a total distrust of the political system. A
person’s job beyond providing for daily subsistence also determines the individual’s social status, affecting
relationship with peers, people in the person’s neighborhood as well as extended family members. The paper a
desk research, relied entirely on secondary data, sourced from scholarly peer-reviewed journal articles,
relevant published books, materials downloaded from the internet, as well as government and institutional
publications. In this paper, we argue that high level of youth unemployment in both urban and rural areas in
Nigeria has generated a situation of acute social and political unrest. The frustrated youths have become
aggressive in making themselves available to be used by politicians who are not sure of winning the people’s
mandate during general election. These politicians pay them to engage in anti-democratic process activities,
including pre- election, election-day and post election violence. Some youths engage in various criminal
activities that frustrate economic development of the state. We recommend that government should put in place
social welfare programmes that attend to the needs of unemployed youths, provide the enabling environment for
private investors to establish industries that will employ the youths as well as introduce the fiscal policies that
will make banks to provide soft loans to the youths who have entrepreneurial skills.
The Nexus of Street Trading and Juvenile Delinquency: A Study of Chanchaga Lo...RSIS International
I. INTRODUCTION
Globally, the number of working children has been decreasing around the world in recent years, but child labour has continued to be a widespread problem today, especially in developing countries (Paola, Viviana, Flavia & Furio2007). International Programme on Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC 2016) reported that between 2012 to 2016, about 182 million children in the developing world aged 5-14 years were engaged in work. Against this background, governments, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have focused their efforts on tackling in particular the worst forms of child labour such as forced and bonded labour, which put children in physically and mentally harmful working conditions (Bunnak 2007).
This document discusses the history, causes, effects and solutions to cultism in Nigerian higher education institutions. It traces the origin of cultism back to 1952 at the University of Ibadan, when the first secret student group called Pyrate Confraternity was formed. Over time, more cult groups emerged and engaged in violent rivalry to gain dominance. Cultism is now a major problem causing disruption, insecurity, maiming and deaths on campuses. The document outlines various strategies to address cultism such as counseling former members, regulating student groups, enforcing bans, providing moral education and recreational activities for students.
The role of entrepreneurship in addressing the issue of educated unemployment is well acknowledged, while its specific implications for health professions students remain inadequately explored. This study's main objective is to investigate entrepreneurship education's effect on entrepreneurial intention by considering entrepreneurial self-efficacy as a mediator in students majoring in medical laboratory technology. This quantitative research uses an exploratory approach involving 300 respondents determined through simple random sampling techniques and analyzed using partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The analysis revealed that entrepreneurship education directly impacts self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, entrepreneurial self-efficacy was identified to exert a positive mediating effect between these variables. However, the effect size between the relationships of the research variables is low. Nevertheless, higher education offering health majors can optimize entrepreneurship education by implementing practical learning and field experience to increase confidence and intention in entrepreneurial activities.
Recent studies claimed that the absence of a paradigm is a challenge to developing education for sustainable development and soft skills competencies. This integrative study examines stimulating these transferable and transversal competencies through constructivist approaches to teaching from the cognitive, social, radical, and critical perspectives. The study argues that the use of constructivist approaches to teaching can contribute to the achievement of education for sustainable development and soft skills competencies through the delegation of power from teachers/lecturers to students. This, in active and interactive classrooms, empowers students and builds their confidence to develop on the personal, academic, and professional levels. The use of the cognitive constructivist approach assists in developing competencies based on a clear understanding of the cognitive structures of students in a vibrant classroom environment. The use of the social constructivist approach assists in constructing individualized learning environment based on predetermined zones of proximal development in sociocultural contexts. The radical and critical constructivist approaches to teaching, through the rejection of conventional epistemologies, allow students the freedom to creatively address issues related to environmental, economic, and social sustainability. This becomes effective through the fostering of self and social awareness, challenging existing ideas, and provoking innovative thoughts that are necessary to shape a sustainable future.
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This document discusses security challenges threatening national unity in Nigeria. It examines the causes of security challenges, the relationship between security challenges and national unity, and suggestions for prevention. The key causes identified are a failing state as evidenced by inability to ensure national security and food/social security for citizens, bad governance including corruption, overlapping/inadequate security agencies, and extremist religious ideologies. The paper aims to enhance national unity through addressing these root causes of security threats in Nigeria.
Corruption Political Party System and Nigerian Democracy An Historical Analys...ijtsrd
Liberal democracy all over the world is a welcome phenomenon. In every modern society the game of politics is influenced tremendously by the elite class that projects the political culture which could make or mar democracy, as a result of the activities of the political parties. The adoption of western democracy is a mixed bag of blessing and catastrophes in the body politics of the country. Today, it is difficult to reconcile Nigerian democracy with that of the advanced democratic Countries. In Nigeria, politics is regarded as a “dirty game” which scares away the down trodden people. It has been noted that the level of socio economic development in the country is significantly related to the nature of politics in vogues. Political parties are primarily aimed at primitive accumulation of wealth. Where, “the end justifies the means” . The prevailing election rigging, thuggery, corruption, fear and intimidation by security agencies as well as hate speech in the campaigns of the politicians reflect value degeneration with the attendant instability in the country’s democracy. To this send, the paper examined political parties in Nigeria An historical Perspective from 1960 – 2019 looking at the roles of political parties as they affect the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria. Three 3 theoretical frameworks were used in the study namely Social learning theory SLT , Social Disorganization theory SDT and Corruption Permissiveness theory CPT .The study noted that Nigeria’s political parties from 1960 2019 has witnessed some challenging situation like ethnicity, corruption, violence, military intervention, civil and electoral deficiencies. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that registered political parties should not be vehicles for the articulation and implementation of ethnic, religious or regional projects and programmes and that they should remain national in scope, courage and orientation. Aristotle Isaac Jacobs | Tarabina Veronica Pamo | Abidde Kilegha Victoria "Corruption, Political Party System and Nigerian Democracy: An Historical Analysis from 1960 – 2019" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38079.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/38079/corruption-political-party-system-and-nigerian-democracy-an-historical-analysis-from-1960-– -2019/aristotle-isaac-jacobs
The document discusses the pull factors that attract young people to join terrorist organizations like the Abu Sayyaf Group in the Philippines, using it as a case study. It argues that there are both ideational and material pull factors. Ideationally, terrorist groups use radical religious ideologies to attract youth and give their lives meaning. Materially, they offer monetary rewards, supplies, and support to families to entice impoverished youth. The Abu Sayyaf Group initially grew due to the charismatic preaching of its founder but later resorted more to kidnapping-for-ransom activities to fund recruitment through financial incentives as ideological fervor waned. Understanding these pull factors is important for counterterrorism policy.
International terrorism scope, causes and the role of education in combating ...SARON MESSEMBE OBIA
The global dimension of international security and violence has stimulated the rise of youth in the world and Africa in particular. The focus is no longer on policing terrorism, but rather understanding the mutations and how education can help combat terrorism.
Youth, unemployment and national security in nigeriaOnyinye Chime
Abstract
Youth unemployment as it concerns national security has been garnering a significant body of literature. In the
burgeoning literature, the component parts of youth, unemployment and national security is not adequately
assessed and analyzed. This paper is an attempt to describe and analyze the component parts for a better
appreciation of youth unemployment on national security issues and challenges. The paper goes on to confirm
and put in historical perspective that the youth bulge and unemployment are catalysts to national security issues
and challenges. While not diminishing their importance, the paper posits that some of the data used in analyzing
unemployment need to be re-evaluated, placed in context and a new perspective proffered on the role and
importance of youth unemployment in the broad area of national security.
Anti Social Behaviours Among Nigerian Adolescentsiosrjce
This paper critically examines the behaviors regarded as antisocial. The causes of antisocial behaviors
with reference to factors such as: the nature of the home environment, gender, socio economic status of parents,
peer group influence, residential location. The paper further poses the effects of antisocial behavior. The
implications ofadolescents’ antisocial behaviors onnational development such as unattractive destination for
tourists, low foreign investment, unemployment, poverty and hunger, insecurity of life and poverty. Finally, the
paper recommends among others, parents and guardians should show love and care to their children and wards.
They should endeavor to monitor the type of image their children watch on television or video machines and effort
should be made to advise them against watching violent images, keep away from friends or peers whose behaviors
do not conform to the norms and values of the society.
Protection of Children in context of IHL and Counter TerrorismNilendra Kumar
Women and children need to be fully protected during armed conflict situations. Further, children are not to be recruited or employed in armed conflicts. IHL provisions are specific and clear in this regard. This presentation would highlight the law in this regard.
Youth in Contemporary Politics Roles and Benefits in Nigeriaijtsrd
The youth in contemporary Nigerian politics has played the role of acting the political thug for older politicians in the country. In this study, the researchers set out to examine the role and benefits of the youth in modern-day politics with specific reference to the recent Nigerias ‘‘Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill. It is in this light that this paper adopted Role theory in explaining the role of the youth in contemporary Nigerian politics. It is obvious that with the Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill, the youth in Nigeria can now participate effectively in the nations political processes, and not continue to play the dirty role of hooligan on the payroll of the sit-tight political leader who wants to perpetuate himself in power. The paper contends that the Federal government and the electoral umpire body, the Independent National Electoral Commission INEC , should make it a priority to fully implement the Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill, to give many more youths the opportunity to vie for electoral offices in the country. In addition, youths should be included in the nations political processes by enlightening them on their role and benefits in such processes not just to function as political thugs but to aspire to run for electoral offices themselves. Patrick Oromareghake, PhD | Oluka, Nduka Lucas "Youth in Contemporary Politics: Roles and Benefits in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21518.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/21518/youth-in-contemporary-politics-roles-and-benefits-in-nigeria/patrick-oromareghake-phd
Repositioning education for security and unemployment challengesMustapha Sani Sumaila
The document discusses repositioning education in Nigeria to address security challenges and unemployment. It defines security and insecurity, highlighting incidents in Nigeria like Boko Haram attacks. Unemployment is also defined. The document argues that education is key to developing the economy but Nigeria's education goals have been undermined by factors like corruption, poor leadership, and an ineffective criminal justice system contributing to insecurity. Education must be repositioned to foster national development, unity, and provide opportunities to curb unemployment and insecurity.
Prognosis of Theories of Intelligence in Counter Terrorism The Case of the No...YogeshIJTSRD
The Northern West part of Nigeria is faced with several security challenges that have threatened the existence of peace and security in the region. These threats to public safety and regional security have greatly undermined the governments primary responsibility of guaranteeing public safety and national security. This work, therefore, is on the prognosis of theories of intelligence in counterterrorism The case of North Western Nigeria. The study utilised primary and secondary data sources. The Primary data sources were from questionnaires administered physically and electronically via emails while, secondary data came from published books, journals, articles, lecture guides and videos. Acquired data were statistically analysed using simple percentage and Chi Square statistics. Sequel to the statistical results, findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between intelligence gathering and terrorism in Nort West, Nigeria. The study recommends that there should be training and retraining of personnel of the intelligence community to be able to meet up with the current trends and changes in the contemporary Nigerian environments for the effective gathering of intelligence and the ability to utilize it for productive law enforcement. Jonjon, Emmanuel "Prognosis of Theories of Intelligence in Counter-Terrorism: The Case of the Northwestern Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40057.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/sociology/40057/prognosis-of-theories-of-intelligence-in-counterterrorism-the-case-of-the-northwestern-nigeria/jonjon-emmanuel
Empowering Youth through Volunteerism: The Importance of Global Motivating Fa...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Running head BUSINESS RESEARCH PROPOSAL (BUSINESS RESEARCH .docxsusanschei
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BUSINESS RESEARCH PROPOSAL
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Proposal summary
In Sierra Leone civil unrest perpetrated by the discontented and anxious youth has become a common phenomenon. The manifest violence perpetrated by the youth have been recognized as the consequence of substance abuse in the form of drug and alcohol abuse, domestic abuse, and the high rate of unemployment in Sierra Leone. The government has been slow in recognizing the power of the youth and channelizing their potential. However, more initiatives need to be taken that would sustain the effectiveness of the program. Youth forums and the inclusion of the youth in identifying the sources and solutions of violence is the most promising initiative. The youth should be turned into resources and awareness should be created about the different sources that propel violence.
Introduction (Position)
The Sierra Leone civil war that took place for more than eight years have been found as an outcome of the discontentment of the youth with the government. According to Christophe (2018), the term youth in the context of Sierra Leone refers to individuals in the age group of 15 to 35 who comprises of one-third of the population. However, presently the country has experience a series of outbreak of violence from the youth. Some of the factors that have recognized for this eruption in violence are repeated domestic violence, drug and alcohol abuse, and unemployment. It is found that there is lack of vigorous approach from the government in providing employment to the youth (Betancourt, McBain, Newnham and Brennan 2015). Education is not given impetus in the country as a result of which the youth population feel frustrated and resort to violence to articulate their grievances. The aim of this paper is to delve into the causes and possibilities of violence. The paper also looks into the interventions of the government and suggests recommendations that the Sierra Leone Youth Empowerment would like to propose to the President of Republic of Sierra Leone H.E Dr Julius Madda Bio.
The issue and the possibilities
Sierra Leone has become the bastion of violence. According to Betancourt, McBain, Newnham and Brennan (2014), the unemployment rate among the youth in Sierra Leone around 60 per cent. They portend the risk of violence from the violence and organized crime from the gangs in Sierra Leone. According to a study conducted by Bo et al, there is a growing trend of brewing violence. According to Enria (2014) all possible violent crimes like murder, sexual assault, assassination have become normalized in the Sierra Leone society. The country has become violent since the inception of the rebellion. There has been a rise in the number of shootings, robberies, violent incidents of rape and stabbings. This alarming rate in the increase in violence has fou ...
This document discusses building a corruption-free society in Nigeria. It defines corruption and classifies it into four categories: academic, economic/financial, political, and judicial. It then provides seven solutions to combating corruption in Nigeria, including curriculum reform to teach anti-corruption, media enlightenment campaigns, strengthening family values, reforming the judiciary, reorienting public servants and youth, increasing ethical teachings in religious institutions, and leading by example through transparent governance.
Youth Restiveness in Nigeria: Challenge for CounsellingIJAEMSJORNAL
The paper examined the meaning of youth restiveness in Nigeria, its causes and challenge for counselling. The youths were seen as young people who are still in the most active period of their lives. They are cognitively capable of hypothetical deductions, analysis and synthesis of situations by which they find themselves. They are restive; in other words impatient, obstinate and agitated especially when they are not satisfied with the state of things around them. The complexity of modern life makes the situation to be even more difficult for the youths, while the Nigerian factor further complicates matters for them. Some of the factors that contributed to the restiveness of youths in Nigeria include: leadership styles, economic situation, educational pursuits, poverty, unemployment, marginalization, exuberance, drugs, sexually transmitted diseases and activities of significant adults in the communities. Good guidance and counselling were seen as possible strategies that could help in harnessing the inert potentials of the youths and channeling them into vehicles for national development (if the challenges are dealt with); otherwise their restiveness could become fuel for mal-adaptive and mal-adjustive behaviour, thus constituting social problems for the nation as a whole.
Socio-Political Implications of Youth Unemployment on Nigeria’s Economic Deve...iosrjce
Youth unemployment may be regarded as one of the major problems confronting the Nigerian state
presently. Unemployed youths feel alienated from the society and have a total distrust of the political system. A
person’s job beyond providing for daily subsistence also determines the individual’s social status, affecting
relationship with peers, people in the person’s neighborhood as well as extended family members. The paper a
desk research, relied entirely on secondary data, sourced from scholarly peer-reviewed journal articles,
relevant published books, materials downloaded from the internet, as well as government and institutional
publications. In this paper, we argue that high level of youth unemployment in both urban and rural areas in
Nigeria has generated a situation of acute social and political unrest. The frustrated youths have become
aggressive in making themselves available to be used by politicians who are not sure of winning the people’s
mandate during general election. These politicians pay them to engage in anti-democratic process activities,
including pre- election, election-day and post election violence. Some youths engage in various criminal
activities that frustrate economic development of the state. We recommend that government should put in place
social welfare programmes that attend to the needs of unemployed youths, provide the enabling environment for
private investors to establish industries that will employ the youths as well as introduce the fiscal policies that
will make banks to provide soft loans to the youths who have entrepreneurial skills.
The Nexus of Street Trading and Juvenile Delinquency: A Study of Chanchaga Lo...RSIS International
I. INTRODUCTION
Globally, the number of working children has been decreasing around the world in recent years, but child labour has continued to be a widespread problem today, especially in developing countries (Paola, Viviana, Flavia & Furio2007). International Programme on Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC 2016) reported that between 2012 to 2016, about 182 million children in the developing world aged 5-14 years were engaged in work. Against this background, governments, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have focused their efforts on tackling in particular the worst forms of child labour such as forced and bonded labour, which put children in physically and mentally harmful working conditions (Bunnak 2007).
This document discusses the history, causes, effects and solutions to cultism in Nigerian higher education institutions. It traces the origin of cultism back to 1952 at the University of Ibadan, when the first secret student group called Pyrate Confraternity was formed. Over time, more cult groups emerged and engaged in violent rivalry to gain dominance. Cultism is now a major problem causing disruption, insecurity, maiming and deaths on campuses. The document outlines various strategies to address cultism such as counseling former members, regulating student groups, enforcing bans, providing moral education and recreational activities for students.
The role of entrepreneurship in addressing the issue of educated unemployment is well acknowledged, while its specific implications for health professions students remain inadequately explored. This study's main objective is to investigate entrepreneurship education's effect on entrepreneurial intention by considering entrepreneurial self-efficacy as a mediator in students majoring in medical laboratory technology. This quantitative research uses an exploratory approach involving 300 respondents determined through simple random sampling techniques and analyzed using partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM). The analysis revealed that entrepreneurship education directly impacts self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, entrepreneurial self-efficacy was identified to exert a positive mediating effect between these variables. However, the effect size between the relationships of the research variables is low. Nevertheless, higher education offering health majors can optimize entrepreneurship education by implementing practical learning and field experience to increase confidence and intention in entrepreneurial activities.
Recent studies claimed that the absence of a paradigm is a challenge to developing education for sustainable development and soft skills competencies. This integrative study examines stimulating these transferable and transversal competencies through constructivist approaches to teaching from the cognitive, social, radical, and critical perspectives. The study argues that the use of constructivist approaches to teaching can contribute to the achievement of education for sustainable development and soft skills competencies through the delegation of power from teachers/lecturers to students. This, in active and interactive classrooms, empowers students and builds their confidence to develop on the personal, academic, and professional levels. The use of the cognitive constructivist approach assists in developing competencies based on a clear understanding of the cognitive structures of students in a vibrant classroom environment. The use of the social constructivist approach assists in constructing individualized learning environment based on predetermined zones of proximal development in sociocultural contexts. The radical and critical constructivist approaches to teaching, through the rejection of conventional epistemologies, allow students the freedom to creatively address issues related to environmental, economic, and social sustainability. This becomes effective through the fostering of self and social awareness, challenging existing ideas, and provoking innovative thoughts that are necessary to shape a sustainable future.
The research aimed to describe the development of solar electric cars as a prop in energy conversion learning using the analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model and to ascertain the effectiveness of an electric car as a prop in energy conversion learning. Utilization of prop in the learning process is one way to support the development of knowledge, skills, and basic needs for delivering material, concepts, and physics information. This research is a descriptive study involving media and pedagogical experts and 40 students of the university in Tasikmalaya. Data collection techniques were carried out through the study of literature, expert validation, and student perception questionnaires. Expert validation and student perception were obtained by using a Likert scale. The expert judgment results were processed using the V value equation developed by Aiken. The results showed a value of 1, meeting the minimum validation requirements. The students also had positive responses to a prop. They have new experience learning in energy conversion and have good media to help their comprehension. It has a significant impact on helping students to achieve their learning goals.
The rise and growing prevalence of juvenile delinquency is a matter of concern for many parties. This study aims to establish a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire that can be deployed to assess the learning environment perceived by high school students. This research endeavor constitutes a developmental study, wherein the outcomes are a single survey instrument encompassing six variables, nineteen indicators, and forty questions. The data-collecting process involved the utilization of a Google Form across five schools in five districts, containing a total of 1615 participants. The analysis of expert data was conducted utilizing V. Aiken and field trials employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) Second Order. The findings of this study indicate that the diagnostic survey instrument used to assess the learning environment's impact on the mental health of high school students demonstrated validity, as evidenced by loading factor values exceeding the established minimal threshold. The reliability of the instrument remains insufficient. This survey can be utilized to detect adolescent persistent tendencies carried out by students or other school members that interfere with mental health: the emergence and significant raising of juvenile delinquency.
Marinyo is a culture left by the Portuguese around the 15th century in Maluku. The purpose of this study was to find out to what extent students' misconceptions about the concept of sound in the Marinyo case in the Kepuluan Tanimbar Regency. The method used was a qualitative study in ethnography in ten villages in two sub-districts. In addition, they conducted a survey in the form of a diagnostic test in the form of questions related to the Marinyo case on 300 elementary school students. The findings in the field show that students experience relatively high misconceptions. It was because teachers did not accustom students to learn from natural phenomena around them and were given scientific questions to seek, find and provide answers and solutions related to these natural phenomena. The teacher was more pursuing the conditions and problems of physics in textbooks and less exploring contextual matters. Future researchers are suggested to develop physics or science teaching materials based on regional local advantages that are oriented towards understanding concepts, mental models, critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity and innovative thinking so that teachers and students can learn well so that knowledge of science becomes better.
Online learning is a growing trend in education during the corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the difficulties that online majors in non-English languages have when attempting to acquire English. The subject of this study involved using the questionnaire method for as many as 412 students and interviewing 15 students with a total of 17 questions. The results of this study indicate that there are several challenges faced by students during online learning; i) less familiarity with online learning as shown by 31% of students agreeing that online learning is a new learning method, ii) psychologically 30% of students choose strongly agree that they have limited opportunities to interact directly and freely with lecturers as well as with students, iii) limited facilities and infrastructure as much as 28% agree that the budget is limited to get quota or internet credit, and iv) limited internet access as many as 35% of students do not have good internet coverage to take online lectures. The findings of this study should be a reference for English lecturers to continue learning to innovate in providing online English learning by considering the existing challenges.
English for young learners (EYL) teachers have practiced some creative activities to maintain their pupils’ learning with natural exposure to the target language amidst the pandemic. One activity practiced by Indonesian and Korean teachers was an international collaboration to perform a virtual drama of each country’s folktale. This phenomenological research aimed at tapping the teachers’ perceptions regarding interculturality and world Englishes (WE) in the virtual dramatic play collaboratively conducted and delving into their commitments in honing interculturality and WE. Two Indonesian and Korean teachers were involved in three sessions of in-depth interviews using pre-prepared interview questions. The trustworthiness of the data was achieved by the group discussions allowing the participants to comment on and revise the transcribed data, as well as triangulation by two international collaborators. Thematic analysis was performed to identify emerging themes and to provide novel insights into EYL teachers' encounters with interculturality and WE. The Indonesian and Korean teachers admitted the compatibility between language and culture, the urgency of introducing varieties of English, and the merits of conducting international collaboration to promote interculturality and WE. The teachers are committed to integrate interculturality and WE in their instructions despite some differences in the stipulated curricula.
The fear of failure stops students from thinking logically and processing information in mathematics. Creating an appropriate classroom climate based on every student's ability is crucial to overcoming the prejudices associated with mathematics. In this regard, this study aims to create the best classroom climate approach that will increase interest in mathematics and ensure academic success. For this purpose, mathematicians' views on the classroom climate approach and how they create them were discussed by using qualitative techniques. It was considered that teachers participating in this research are working in 9th grade in state high schools affiliated with the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus Ministry of Education, accepting students through examination. The researchers collected teacher views through a semistructured interview form and analyzed them using context analysis. The findings showed that teachers were in a hurry to teach and generally paid attention to creating a comfortable classroom climate in which students could express their thoughts and opinions. This situation also revealed a lack of adequate classroom climate approach skills among teachers. Therefore, the classroom climate approaches discussed in this study are expected to make a significant contribution to this field by offering solutions to teachers in creating a supportive classroom climate.
The article is devoted to the study of the issue of training future police officers to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in their professional activities. Based on the results of the theoretical analysis of scientific and applied works, modern trends in the development of drones in the activities of law enforcement agencies were identified, and the problem of their implementation in practical activities was outlined. An online survey was conducted in order to study the opinion of scientific, scientific and pedagogical workers and graduates of higher education institutions with specific learning conditions that train police officers about the need to train future police officers in the control of UAVs. The need to introduce into the system of primary professional training the training of service skills using drones is substantiated. On the basis of the study of the content of the training program for unmanned aircraft systems of the first class according to the basic qualification level of the first level, it is proposed to introduce the general professional educational unit “formation of skills and skills of controlling an UAV” into the training program of the primary professional training of police officers in the specified specialty.
English language teaching (ELT) in Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia, commonly known as pesantren, presents a unique context that requires a tailored pedagogical approach. This study aimed to explore the application of context-responsive pedagogy in ELT within the unique context of Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. This qualitative study employed semistructured interviews and classroom observation as data generation methods to gain insights into the experiences and perspectives of English language teachers regarding the implementation of context-responsive pedagogy in English language instruction. The findings revealed the importance of understanding learner needs, incorporating authentic materials, promoting cultural sensitivity, and effective use of technology in ELT practices in Islamic boarding school contexts. This study delves into how English language teachers navigated and negotiated their practices with the socio-cultural and religious values entrenched in this institution. It also highlighted the challenges English language teachers in this school context faced in the implementation of context-responsive pedagogy. Eventually, this research provides valuable insights for ELT practitioners, policymakers, and researchers interested in incorporating context-specific pedagogy to optimize ELT in Islamic boarding schools and similar educational contexts.
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a training curriculum intended to enhance the quality of life for the elderly. As Thailand witnesses a demographic shift with increasing numbers of older adults, driven by declining birth rates and extended life expectancies, the importance of ensuring quality elderly care becomes paramount. The devised curriculum encompasses eight principal elements focusing on the elderly, defined as those aged 60 and above, addressing their physical and mental changes, well-being, health, and overall satisfaction. The content is holistic, integrating components of music, art, health care, and exercise. Delivered over a two-day period, the curriculum employs a structured approach featuring lectures, discussions, and knowledge exchanges, supported by a range of media and materials. Initial assessments revealed a moderate quality of life among the elderly, but post-training evaluations indicated enhanced knowledge, understanding, and positive attitudes towards the activities, pointing to an overall high level of effectiveness of the curriculum.
The study of the role of the pedagogy of partnership (PoP) in building the professional competence of future primary school teachers is relevant in the context of modern educational and pedagogical transformations, which require the preparation of teachers for new challenges and creating a favourable learning environment. Therefore, the aim of our study was to check the effect of observing the pedagogical partnership principles in the educational process on the development of the communicative competence of future primary school teachers. The study employed the following psychodiagnostic methods: the Thomas-Kilmann conflict mode instrument (TKI), Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI), Snyder’s self-control in communication. The implementation of the PoP programme in higher education institutions (HEIs) has a positive effect on the development of the communicative competence of future teachers, in particular, on developing the ability for self-control and increasing the scope of psychological knowledge. The study revealed some important correlations. Our results indicate that cooperation and the ability to make compromises are directly related to the communicative abilities of future teachers. Further research can be focused on studying the impact of pedagogical partnership on other aspects of future teacher training, such as methodical mastery, motivation for learning and development.
This study examined the relationship between students’ academic performance, teachers’ commitment, and leadership behavior of school administrators. Teachers’ commitment was measured in two areas– commitment to job and commitment to organization and the leadership behavior of school administrators were evaluated in terms of consideration and initiating structure. Eighty-one teachers, 11 school heads, and 470 students served as respondents. The descriptive survey research technique, correlation analysis, and the following statistical methods were used: frequency, mean, standard deviation, and correlation coefficient. The study revealed that the initiating structure and consideration dimensions of leadership behavior affect teachers’ commitment to job (CTJ) and teacher’s commitment to organization (CTO). The correlation between CTJ and CTO and leadership behavior-initiating structure is positive and with leadership behavior-consideration negative. CTJ and CTO is correlated with the students’ academic performance in math, but not in Science and English. The correlation is negative. Students’ academic performance in all subject areas is negatively correlated with leadership behavior-initiating structure and has no significant relationship with leadership behavior-consideration. The leadership behavior-initiating structure is positively correlated with teachers’ commitment to both job and organization but has negative correlation with students’ academic performance in math, science, and English.
This study aims to describe preservice mathematics teacher knowledge of higher order thinking skills in terms of definition, Bloom's taxonomy level, curriculum, learning, and evaluation. This research is quantitative research with a survey method. and sample consisted of 248 preservice mathematics teachers in semesters VI - VIII of the Department of Mathematics Education, Nusa Cendana University, Timor University, and Wira Wacana Sumba University. The instrument used was a questionnaire about high order thinking skill (HOTS) which consisted of 105 statements. Data analysis used Likert's summeted rating, one sample test, Mann Whitney, Kruskall-Wallis tests, multiple linear regression test, and multivariate analyisis of variance (MANOVA) test. The results showed that the knowledge level of preservice mathematics teacher was in the good category. Based on gender differences, there was no significant difference in the average knowledge of preservice mathematics teacher about HOTS, there was a significant difference in the average knowledge of preservice mathematics teacher about HOTS which is significant based on differences in academic ability and gender differences do not significantly affect knowledge about HOTS levels in Bloom's taxonomy, curriculum, and pedagogy while academic knowledge has a significant effect on HOTS knowledge of preservice teachers in almost all aspects except for pedagogy.
Formative assessment is an evaluative practice developed in the classroom for the improvement of learning using evidence on student progression. The objective of this research is to compare sample groups from multigrade and single-grade classrooms on the theme of formative assessment based on the students' opinion of the teacher's performance. The method used was a comparative quantitative method. The sample type is a probability sample of 683 students from 5th to 8th grade from urban and rural schools in the commune of Longaví, located in the Maule Region of Chile. A validated Likert scale questionnaire with a high level of reliability (α = 0.93) was used. The results of the research showed that, in the six dimensions, the best teacher performance concerning formative assessment is found in multi-grade schools and not in single-grade schools. This can be explained on the basis of several reasons, among them the level of adaptability that teachers have in this type of classroom, the heterogeneous characteristics of the classroom (different ages and learning goals) and the need for teachers to monitor the learning progression of students with different classroom characteristics.
Financial literacy, as a fundamental skill in the 21st century, has become a life skill that is urgently needed to be improved. Globally, the drive to enhance financial literacy involves integrating it into the education curriculum, necessitating educators’ comprehensive grasp of financial literacy education before imparting it to students. This research aims to outline a conceptual model of financial literacy professional development to improve teachers’ professional competence, employing a narrative review that synthesizes 28 relevant literatures retrieved from Scopus databases. The results of the study show that an effective training model for teacher professional development (TPD) in financial literacy education should focus on essential financial literacy content consisting of planning and budgeting, banking services, income and careers, insurance, investment, savings, also spending and credit. Furthermore, the main characteristics of TPD regarding financial literacy education should encompass content focus, coherence, ownership, active learning, duration, and collective participation.
The objective of this research is to examine teachers' competence in designing activities after engaging in professional development activities aimed at enhancing teaching design in order to develop students' thinking abilities that are contextually appropriate. The participants consist of 5 elementary school science teachers from schools. The research employed semi-structured interviews and classroom observation as research instruments. The findings reveal that teachers engaged in self-development through observation and learning from their peers within the community of practice (CoP). They receive advice and feedback from fellow teachers and apply these insights to improve their activities. Consequently, teachers are able to continuously refine and develop their teaching approaches to align with students' contexts. This approach facilitate diversification in thinking and learning management, as well as collaborative teamwork to enhance teaching methods. As a result, engaging and interesting thinking development activities are incorporated into student learning, along with the creation of a seamless learning-promoting environment. Collaborative teamwork in instructional design and problem-solving further afford teachers the opportunity for additional self-learning and personal development. This collaborative approach also contributes to fostering cognitive diversity and relieved the need for individual teachers to undertake all tasks independently.
Adaptive online learning can be realized through the evaluation of the learning process. Monitoring and supervising learners’ cognitive levels and adjusting learning strategies can increasingly improve the quality of online learning. This analysis is made possible by real-time measurement of learners’ cognitive levels during the online learning process. However, most of the currently used techniques for evaluating cognitive levels rely on labour-intensive and time-consuming manual coding. In this study, we explore the machine learning (ML) algorithms and taxonomy of Bloom’s cognitive levels to explore features that affect learner’s cognitive level in online assessments and the ability to automatically predict learner’s cognitive level and thus, come up with a recommendation or pedagogical intervention to improve learner’s acquisition. The analysis of 15,182 learners’ assessments of a specific learning concept affirms the effectiveness of our approach. We attain an accuracy of 82.21% using ML algorithms. These results are very encouraging and have implications for how automated cognitive-level analysis tools for online learning will be developed in the future.
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Kwara-Central undergraduates’ perceived peer pressures on youths involvement in kidnapping
1. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)
Vol. 15, No. 1, February 2021, pp. 41~47
ISSN: 2089-9823DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v15i1.15025 41
Journal homepage: http://edulearn.intelektual.org
Kwara-Central undergraduates’ perceived peer pressures on
youths involvement in kidnapping
Rasheed Shofiu Adewuyi, Abdulaziz Isiaka
Social Sciences Education Department, University of Ilorin, Nigeria
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Dec 19, 2019
Revised Dec 16, 2020
Accepted Jan 8, 2021
This study examined Kwara central undergraduates’ perceived peer pressure
on youths’ involvement in kidnapping. This study was a descriptive survey.
The population comprised of all undergraduates in Kwara Central Senatorial
District. The target population was undergraduates from University of Ilorin
and Alhikmah University, 500 students were randomly selected. A researcher
design questionnaire was used for data collection while data collected were
analyzed using frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation (SD),
ranking T-test and one-way analysis of variance. Research hypotheses were
tested using independent T-test and also one-way analysis of variance at 0.05
level of significance. Findings revealed that peer pressure influences youth
involvement in kidnapping in Nigeria; there was no significant difference in
the influence of peer pressure on youth’s involvement in kidnapping as
perceived by undergraduates based on academic level and school type. It was
concluded that peer pressure influences youths’ involvement in kidnapping in
Nigeria. We recommend both school and home adequate monitoring of
students peers and friends at home and schools to prevent them from bad
groups, adequate legislation to curb youth participation in kidnapping, good
leadership examples for young ones to emulate and value reorientation of
youths should be given top priority in educational curriculum.
Keywords:
Influence
Involvement
Kidnapping
Peer pressure
Youths
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Rasheed Shofiu Adewuyi
Social Sciences Education Department
University of Ilorin
PMB 1515, IIorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
Email: rasheed.sa@unilorin.edu.ng
1. INTRODUCTION
The advent of 21 century ushered in an unprecedented era of development in Nigeria. For instance,
the nation has experienced laudable improvements in terms of science and technology, medicine, literature,
peace, human resource development, international co-operation and socio-economic development.
Nevertheless, Nigeria is still grappling with a plethora of daunting contemporary challenges such as
terrorism, ethno-religious conflicts wars, internal displacement, massive corruption, human trafficking,
electoral violence and kidnapping. Consequently, kidnapping is a social menace that has taken a worrisome
dimension in the Nigerian society in recent times [1].
Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that there is no singular definition of kidnapping in Nigeria due to its
very complex situation and multi-dimensional nature. Armed robbers, terrorists, political thugs, have adopted
kidnapping at one time or the other to carry out their devilish act. Hence, Okafor [2] and Abraham [3]
separately defined kidnapping as the unlawful and forcible seizure of a person without his or her consent. In a
like manner, Fage, et al. [4] defined kidnapping as any form of activity or action that culminates into the
2. ISSN:2089-9823
J Edu & Learn, Vol. 15, No. 1, February 2021: 41 – 47
42
forceful abduction of any individual or a group of people for economic, political and religious reasons.
Similarly, Akpan [5] noted that kidnapping applies to all situations where persons are forcibly seized and
transported to a destination where they are held against their will in unlawful confinement, which may
involve the use of force. Asuquo [6] also averred that kidnapping means to seize and detain unlawfully a
person by force and fraud and to remove a person to an undisclosed location against his will and usually for
use as a hostage or to extract ransom. Uzorma, et al. [7] also defined kidnapping as the act of seizing and
detaining or carrying away a person by unlawful force or by fraud, and often with a demand for ransom. In
other words, kidnapping is a broad term that encompasses the use of force or fraud to detain a person as a
hostage with a view for demanding for ransom from family members, employers, government officials,
national companies, multinational companies, political leaders, religious leaders, community leaders or civil
organizations. Generally, persons are kidnapped in Nigeria for a plethora of purposes, which includes
forceful marriage, ransom, revenge, selling or vital body organs, slavery, murder, ritual killings, adoption,
begging, prostitution, commercial purposes and a host of others [8].
The evidences of youth’s participation in kidnapping are numerous. Sunday [9] reported that
assailants of Bokoharam insurgency were young people drawn largely from Nigeria’s emerging kidnapping
cartels. Also Uchenna [10] opined that men dominate kidnapping enterprise in their youthful age. The
foregoing is an indication that youths actually involve in kidnapping. Involvement of youths in kidnapping is
no longer debating issue considering the evidences in literatures. Reasons or causes that prompt youth’s
involvement in kidnapping have been undertaken by several studies. For instance, Nwadiorah, et al. [11]
traced the youth involvement in kidnapping to unemployment, poverty, rituals and social factors. Diara, et al.
[12] attributed youth involvement in kidnapping to unemployment, greed and inordinate ambition to amass
wealth. Chinwokwu, et al. [13] noted that youth involvement in militancy and kidnapping for ransom has
become common and is a booming business in most cities across Nigeria. He further opined that the prime
cause of kidnapping in Nigeria was the widespread corruption among politicians and police officers. Akpan
[5] also opined that effect of economic hardship is responsible for youth’s prevalent involvement in
kidnapping. Ibrahim, et al. [14] also observed that youths may be tempted to kidnap a person or a group of
people for ransom if their group deems the act as appropriate and a viable means of earning a living.
Obarisiagbon & Aderinto [15] also opined that youth’s involvement in kidnapping is associated with political
liberation and struggle among political godfathers who use the youth as political thug during the period of
election to kidnap their political opponents. Jegede [16] observed that many political thugs (youths) explore
preventive spiritual measures through ritual, and charms to protect themselves against opponents attack. It is
worthy to note that all these political thugs usually are motivated by the use of charm and taking of hard
drugs, which are mostly given to them by political godfathers or shared amongs their peers. Mike [17] opined
that kidnapping is a drug-related violence in Mexico. B. Ibrahim, et al. opined that there is relationship
between insurgency and kidnapping, this implies that youth’s participation in terrorist act will amount to
eventual involvement in kidnapping.
From time immemorial peer pressure has, constituted reasons and actions embarked upon by a
group of people or individual. Is like the case my mates or group members are doing it, then I must do it. The
psychology theory of kidnapping as cited in Anazonwu, et al. [18] indicated that what commonly found
within kidnappers is a need for belonging. The influence of association needs to be appreciated here because
people only act when they are in-group. No wonder! Ibrahim, et al. [14] observed that youths are generally
prone to the social pressure by their peer group to take a certain action, adopt certain values or otherwise
conform to certain order of the group. This implies that youths are subjective to peer influence negatively or
positively. This is corroborated by Ajaegbu [19] that assimilation of the knowledge and required skills and
means of perpetrating and engaging in criminal behaviours could be the process of association of peer group
to engage in criminal acts like kidnapping.
Adeyemi [20] also opined that the peer pressure has a great influence on youths’ disposition to
engage in criminal behaviours like kidnapping. Associating with bad group may account for the source of
some youths’ involvement in certain bad behavior. Peer pressure could be spoken and unspoken. The spoken
ones deal with educating, enlightenment and possibly instruction, while the unspoken ones deals with
imitation or copying of attitude. Peer groups are formed to press for certain demand or to protect specific
interest. Abdulkabir [21] opined that youths are p-ressurized by the use of money to be conscripted into bad
gangs or secret cults where they are exposed to some dangerous techniques to inflict pains on other innocent
people. The group may thus adopt a criminal act like kidnapping to show their grievances to the society. In
this case, it may not be for economic reasons to collect ransome. It could be politically motivated to influence
political system in order to change or maintain the status-quo. This is emphasized by Gravira, et al. [22] that
peer groups sometimes want their members to deviate from the norms of the society in order to protect their
interest, values, norms and expectations. This may account for the reasons of kidnapping in militancy and
insurgency. In other words, the members of a peer group that place much premium on engaging in acts of
3. J Edu & Learn ISSN: 2089-9823
Kwara-Central undergraduates’ perceived peer pressures on youths … (Rasheed Shofiu Adewuyi)
43
kidnapping or other related crimes may be under pressure to conform to peer subculture because the group
consists of friends and people that they value highly and depend on for getting along in life.
The prevalence cases of kidnapping in North Central geo-political zone of Nigeria in which the
locale of this study belong is worrisome. As reported by www.channelstv.com [23] that the north-central
geopolitical zone of Nigeria is the zone with topmost in the national armed robbery profile. He observed that
79.8% of the national totals of kidnappings were recorded in the three northern geopolitical zones including
north central which Kwara State is inclusive. The contagious effects of kidnapping in the North central zone
has permeat Kwara State especially Kwara Central. Several cases of kidnapping in Kwara central have been
associated with economic reasons ranging from poverty, unemployment, and money ritual. For instance, the
media is inudiated with several cases of kidnapping that were perpetrated by youths in Kwara State.
Prominent among these was the kidnapping of a 12-year-old girl in Ilorin who was later found by the police
in Oye-Ekiti. Likewise, the police nabbed eight kidnappers including youths with eleven human skulls in
some areas of Kwara Central Senatorial District. In a similar development, there was a report of tension in
Kwara State University, Malete over the kidnapping of some undergraduate students in the University [23].
Jacob, et al. [24] observed that Nigeria as a nation has witnessed unprecedented series of agitation in the
forms kidnapping and abduction. Ogbuehi [25] opined that poor are mostly kidnapped for ritual purpose
while the rich are kidnapped for extortion through the payment of ransom in millions and billons)
Several studies have been undertaken on the issues of kidnapping. For example, Uzorma, et al. [7]
examined “challenges of hostage-taking and kidnapping in the South-eastern Nigeria,” [10] “Kidnapping in
the South-eastern States of Contemporary Nigeria,” [9] examined “Nigeria’s Kidnapping Cartels Thrive in
the Absence of Governance.” However, there is a paucity of extant studies as regard to find out influence of
peer pressure on youth involvement in kidnapping especially in Kwara Central, It is in the light of the
foregoing that this paper tries to examine Kwara-Central Undergraduates’ Perceived Peer Pressures on
Youths Involvement in Kidnapping.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
This study was a descriptive research of survey. All undergraduates in Kwara Central Senatorial
District of Kwara State were the main population for the study. Hence, 500 respondents were target
population selected for the study. Selection of five faculties each in University of Ilorin and Al-Hilkmah
University was foremost considered using simple random technique in order to capture a representative
sample of undergraduates across Departments. The second stage involved selection of 50 respondents from
each of the five faculties in booths sampled institutions to make 500 respondents for the study. A researcher-
designed questionnaire tagged “Influence of Peer Pressure on Youths’ Involvement in Kidnapping
Questionnaire (IPPYIKQ)” was used for data collection. The Likert type of scoring was adopted because it
has the advantage of giving the respondents the freedom to answer each of the items in instruments.
The scoring procedure was done by the use of 4-point Likert type rating thus: Strongly Agree (SA)
=4, Agree (A) =3, Disagree (D) =2, Strongly Disagree =1. Face and content validity of the instrument were
ascertained through corrections and suggestions of three lecturers in the Department of Social Sciences
Education in University of Ilorin. The reliability of the instrument was ascertained by the use of the test-retest
method at the interval of two weeks. The two sets of scores obtained from the two administrations were
correlated using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The correlation coefficient obtained was
at obtained at 0.05 alpha levels. This thus made the instrument reliable for the study. Data collected were
analyzed using frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation (SD), ranking T-test and one-way
analysis of variance. Research hypotheses were tested using independent T-test and one-way analysis of
variance at 0.05 level of significance.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Descriptive analysis of the undergraduates bio data
The distribution of undergraduates that participated in this study by school type as shown in Table 1
indictaes that out of the 500 (100.0%) of students sampled, 250 (50.0%) each was selected from public and
private universities in Kwara central senatorial district. This implies distribution of undergraduates from both
public and private institutions for this were equally represented.
Table 1. Distribution of the undergraduates by school type
School Type Frequency (f) Percentage (%)
Public 250 50.0
Private 250 50.0
Total 500 100.0
4. ISSN:2089-9823
J Edu & Learn, Vol. 15, No. 1, February 2021: 41 – 47
44
The distribution of undergraduates that participated in this study by academic level as shown in
Table 2 indicates that out of the 500 (100.0%) students sampled, 156 (31.2%) were in 100 level, 123(24.6%)
were in 200 level, 113(22.6%) were in 300 level while 108(21.6%) were in 400 level in the university. It is
shown from this distribution that undergraduates from all the levels in the university were represented in the
study.
Table 2. Distribution of the undergraduates by academic level in the university
Level Frequency (f) Percentage (%)
100 Level 156 31.2
200 Level 123 24.6
300 Level 113 22.6
400 Level 108 21.6
Total 500 100.0
3.2. Research question and hypotheses
One research question and two hypotheses formulated for this study are presented as follow; 1)
What is influence of peer pressure on youths’ involvement in kidnapping as perceived by undergraduates in
Kwara Central Nigeria? (research question); also 1) There is no significant difference in the influence of peer
pressure on youths’ involvement in kidnapping as perceived by undergraduates in Kwara Central Nigeria
based on academic level (1st
research hypothesis); and 2) There is no significant difference in the influence of
peer pressure on youths’ involvement in kidnapping as perceived by undergraduates in Kwara Central,
Nigeria based on school type (2nd
research hypothesis).
The influence of peer pressure on youths’ involvement in kidnapping as perceived by
undergraduates in Kwara Central, Nigeria based on the research question is addressed in Table 3. Given the
average grand mean of 2.90, it is shown that the perceived peer pressure had influence on youths’
involvement in kidnapping in Kwara Central, Nigeria. Based on this result, item 1 is ranked 1st
with mean
scores of 3.34.This implies that youths were motivated to involve in kidnapping because their friends are rich
as a result of doing it. The item 3 is also ranked 2nd
with mean scores of 3.08. This result implies that the
youths were pressurized to involve in kidnapping as a result of drug addiction. The item 5 is ranked 3rd
with
mean scores of 3.06, and this implies that youths were pressurized to involve in kidnapping due to the oath of
secrecy they have taken with their friends. These three items ranked 1st
, 2nd
and 3rd
positions were thus
considered as very serious peer pressure influence on the youth involvement in the Kwara Central Nigeria.
Table 3. Influence of peer pressure on youths’ involvement in kidnapping as perceived by undergraduates in
Kwara Central, Nigeria
/N Peer pressure influences on youths’ involvement in kidnapping Mean SD Rank
1 Youths involve in kidnapping because their friends that are doing it are rich. 3.34 0.88 1st
2 Youths involve in kidnapping because their friends told them is appropriate and viable means of
employment.
2.93 0.85
6th
3 Youths involve in kidnapping because their friends encourage drug addiction. 3.08 0.86 2nd
4 Youths involve in kidnapping because their friends teach them how to avoid the arrest by law
enforcement agencies.
2.95 0.91
4th
5 Youths involve in kidnapping because their friends make them to swear to oaths of secrecy. 3.06 0.86 3rd
6 Youths involve in kidnapping because their friends supply them with weapons to work with. 2.81 0.98 11th
7 Youths involve in kidnapping because their friends facilitate collection of ransoms from the vicitim
relations.
2.95 0.92
4th
8 Youths involve in kidnapping because their friends provide them with spiritual protection charm. 2.89 0.95 9th
9 Youths involve in kidnapping because their friends have initiated them in cult activities. 2.90 0.98 8th
10 Youths involve in kidnapping because their friends are political thurgs. 2.86 1.03 10th
11 Placing much value on greed and inordinate ambition to amass wealth among its members. 2.80 0.92 12th
12 Youths involve in kidnapping because their friends facilitate sales of human parts for rituals. 2.92 0.94 7th
Grand Mean 35.49
Average Grand Mean 2.957
Cut off Point: 1.00-2.49- Peer pressure do not influence, 2.50-4.00- Peer pressure influences
Item 4 and 8 were ranked 4th
position respectively with their mean score of 2.95. This implies that
youths were pressurized to involve in kidnapping based on the assurance of escaping arrest and opportunity
to promptly receive ransom from their victims’ relation. The item 2 ranked 6th
position which is an indication
that youth were pressurized to involve in kidnapping because of the awareness from their friends that
kidnapping is a means of employment. Item 13, 10, and 9 were ranked 7th
, 8th
and 9th
position respectively
5. J Edu & Learn ISSN: 2089-9823
Kwara-Central undergraduates’ perceived peer pressures on youths … (Rasheed Shofiu Adewuyi)
45
with mean scores of 2.92, 2.90 and 2.89. Since these mean scores are greater than cut off point of 2.50. It
implies that youth were involved kidnapping because of the awareness from their friends that they could sell
human parts for rituals. Youths also involve in kidnapping because of the fact their friends had initially
initiated them into cult group and youths were involved in kidnapping because of confidence they have over
the protective charm from their friends. These entire six item 4, 8, 2, 13, 10, and 9 were thus considered as
serious peer pressure influence on the youth involvement in the Kwara Central Nigeria.
In another perspective, item 11, 6, and 12, were ranked 10th,
11th
, and 12th, respectively with their
mean scores of 2.86, 2.81, and 2.80. The implications of these results are that youths involve in kidnapping
because they are used as political thugs, they have access to weapons from their friends to work with, and
they have greediness and inordinate ambition to get wealth like their friends. Although, these result were
considered as mild serious influence of peer pressure on youth’s involvement in kidnapping in Kwara
Central, Nigeria because the results were ranked from 10th
to 12th
.
A one–way between groups analysis of variance was conducted to explore the difference in
undergraduates’ perceived influence of peer pressure on youths’ involvement in kidnapping based on
academic level in order to test the first research hypothesis. It can be observed from Table 4 that there was no
statistically significant difference in undergraduates’ perceived influence of peer pressure on youths’
involvement in kidnapping based on academic level as determined by one-way ANOVA (F(3,496)=1.780,
p=.150). Since the P-value is less than 0.05, this result therefore concludes that there was no significant
difference in the influence of peer pressure on youths’ involvement in kidnapping as perceived by
undergraduates in Kwara Central, Nigeria based on academic level.
Table 4. One-way analysis of variance test of significant difference in undergraduates’ perceived influence of
peer pressure on youths’ involvement in kidnapping based on academic level
Source of Variance Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Decision
Between Groups 346.998 3 115.666
1.780 .150
Do not Reject
Ho3
Within Groups 32232.752 496 64.985
Total 32579.750 499
The T-test of significant difference in undergraduates’ perceived influence of peer pressure on
youths’ involvement kidnapping based on school type was carried out test the second hypothesis of this
study. It can be observed from the Table 5, that there was no significant difference in undergraduates
perceived influence of peer pressure on youths’ involvement kidnapping from public (M=42.86, SD=9.49)
and private, M=44.24, SD=6.30; t (498) = -1.926, p >.05 universities. Since the p-value is greater than.05
thresholds, we therefore do not reject the stated null hypothesis. The result concludes that there was no
significant difference in the influence of peer pressure on youths’ involvement in kidnapping as perceived by
undergraduates in Kwara Central, Nigeria based on school type. This result suggests that there is similarity in
the perception of undergraduates in public and private universities on the influence of peer pressure on
youths’ involvement in kidnapping.
Table 5. T-test of significant difference in undergraduates’ perceived influence of peer pressure on youths’
involvement in kidnapping based on school type
Type N Mean SD SEM T Df P Decision
Public 250 42.86 9.49 .60 -1.926 498 .055 Do not Reject Ho3
Private 250 44.24 6.30 .39
Arising from the analysis of this study, the university undergraduates in Kwara Central, Nigeria
perceived peer pressures as having influence on youths’ involvement in kidnapping. These pressures have
been categorized into very serious, serious and mild serious because of their ranking orders. Nevertheless,
they all have influence on youths’ involvement in kidnapping. The result showed that youths were very
seriously involving in kidnapping because of peer pressures: desire to become rich like their friends at all
cost, acting under influence of hard drug they take from friends and to comply with secrete of oath taking
they take with friends. Indeed the rate at which the youths are struggling to emancipate wealth nowadays is
worrisome; kidnapping is seen as quick means of getting money .This is confirmed by Abdulkabir [21] that
negative influence of peer pressure is responsible for area boy’s participation in some acts of criminality like
kidnapping. Diara, et al. [12] also confirmed this result in view of the fact that youth involvement in
kidnapping is attributed to, greed and inordinate ambition to be wealthy. In the same vein, every nook and
crannies of society today witness the high consumption of dangerous substances by the youth. This would
6. ISSN:2089-9823
J Edu & Learn, Vol. 15, No. 1, February 2021: 41 – 47
46
make them high to perpetrate evils. This ugly trend among the youths is in line with the thought of
Anazonwu, et al. [18] that kidnapping is a drug-related violence in Mexico. Oath taking is among very
serious pressures that make youth to involve in kidnapping, this is a means of binding youths with their
kidnapping group, in fact there is death threaten for any members willing to pull out of the group. This result
is in line with the view of Obarisiagbon and Aderinto [15] that peer pressure has a significant influence on
criminal behavior exhibited by an adolescent.
In addition, the finding also revealed that among the serious peer pressures that connect youths to
kidnapping in Kwara Central is desire to trade in human parts for rituals. This is a barbaric mission in the
society; many innocents have been abducted not only for ransom but also sometimes for selling them for
ritual. Nwadiorah, et al and Anazonwu, et al. [11, 8] confirm that the youth involvement in kidnapping is
traceable to rituals and selling of vital body organs. More so, the study revealed the initiation of youth into
cult group as a serious pressure that prompts them into kidnapping. It is obvious that the kidnappers group is
cultic in nature because of its secrecy and difficulty to be identified in the society. Governments have not
been able to unveil exact composition of Bokoharam group in Nigeria. www.channelstv.com [23] also
confirm that youths are pressurized by the use of money to be conscripted into bad gangs or secret cults
where they are exposed to some dangerous techniques to inflict pains on other innocent people. Another area
of serious youth pressure to involve in kidnapping as revealed in the study is the search for the use of charm
and hamlet among themselves. The motive behind this is to prevent them from being shooting and pierced by
cutlass. Their confidence in the charm adds more to their intention of going into the kidnapping because they
feel prevented and secured. This result is likened to the opinion of Mike [17] that many political thugs
explore preventive spiritual measures through ritual, and charms to protect themselves against opponents
attack.
Other findings of this study revealed mild serious peer pressures on the youth’s involvement in
kidnapping. The first one is the use of youths by politician as political thug. This further complicates the
trend of crime in the society. The thugs see themselves as errand boys for the political gladiators and thus feel
free to break the law and commit crime. This result is confirmed by observation of Jegede [16] that youth’s
involvement in kidnapping is associated with political liberation and struggle among political godfathers who
use the youth as political thug during the period of election to kidnap their political opponents. Chinwokwu,
et al and Ibrahim, et al. [13, 4] also linked causes of kidnapping to political reasons. Secondly, youth
greediness for wealth acquisition among their peers is another mild serious peer pressure found out in this
study. The youths indulgence in quick rich syndrome is noticeable everywhere, kidnapping is perceived as a
means to get rich and accumulate wealth. This is in line with the observation of Uzorma, et al. [7] that link
youth involvement in kidnapping to economic reason in which they usually demand for ransom to become
rich.
The result of this study also revealed no significant difference in the influence of peer pressure on
youths’ involvement in the menace of kidnapping as perceived by undergraduates in Kwara Central
Senatorial District, Kwara State based on academic level. This shows that academic level does not determine
undergraduates’ perception of the influence of peer pressure on youths’ involvement in the menace of
kidnapping. This accounts for the same view of undergraduates, on consequences of peer pressure across the
academic level. This result supported by opinion of Diara, et al. [12] that peoples’ opinion about peer
pressure is general irrespective academic qualification or status. It can be inferred that regardless of youth
level of education, they are subjective to peer influence to participate in kidnapping
The finding further showed that there was no significant difference in the influence of peer pressure
on youths’ involvement in the menace of kidnapping as perceived by undergraduates in Kwara Central,
Nigeria based on school type. This means that school type is immaterial in the assessment of the influence of
peer pressure on youths’ involvement in the menace of kidnapping. This result confirmed the [21] who found
that type of school does not change peoples’ opinion about the presence of peer pressure in the workplace, at
school or within the society and the fact that it can affect people of all ages.
4 CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of this study it was concluded that peer pressure can trigger youths’
involvement in the menace of kidnapping in Nigeria, and that undergraduates’ perception of the influence of
peer pressure on youths’ involvement in the menace of kidnapping is independent of academic level and
school type. We recommend that home and schools should monitor students’ peers and friends at home and
schools to disassociate them from bad groups, effective legislation should be in place to curb youth
participation in kidnapping, there should be good leadership examples for young ones to emulate and value
reorientation of youths should be given top priority in educational curriculum.
7. J Edu & Learn ISSN: 2089-9823
Kwara-Central undergraduates’ perceived peer pressures on youths … (Rasheed Shofiu Adewuyi)
47
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