The youth in contemporary Nigerian politics has played the role of acting the political thug for older politicians in the country. In this study, the researchers set out to examine the role and benefits of the youth in modern-day politics with specific reference to the recent Nigerias ‘‘Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill. It is in this light that this paper adopted Role theory in explaining the role of the youth in contemporary Nigerian politics. It is obvious that with the Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill, the youth in Nigeria can now participate effectively in the nations political processes, and not continue to play the dirty role of hooligan on the payroll of the sit-tight political leader who wants to perpetuate himself in power. The paper contends that the Federal government and the electoral umpire body, the Independent National Electoral Commission INEC , should make it a priority to fully implement the Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill, to give many more youths the opportunity to vie for electoral offices in the country. In addition, youths should be included in the nations political processes by enlightening them on their role and benefits in such processes not just to function as political thugs but to aspire to run for electoral offices themselves. Patrick Oromareghake, PhD | Oluka, Nduka Lucas "Youth in Contemporary Politics: Roles and Benefits in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21518.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/21518/youth-in-contemporary-politics-roles-and-benefits-in-nigeria/patrick-oromareghake-phd
Structure of a Research Paper
Parts of A Research Paper
I. Preliminaries
A. Title Page
B. Approval Sheet
C. Acknowledgment Sheet
D. Abstract
E. Table of Contents
F. List of Tables
G. List of Figures
II. Text
A. Introduction
1) Background of the Study
2) Conceptual Framework
3) Statement of the Problem
4) Hypothesis
5) Significance of the Study
6) Scope and Delimitation of the Study
7) Definition of Terms
B. Review of Related Literature and Studies
1) Foreign Literature
2) Foreign Studies
3) Local Literature
4) Local Studies
5) Synthesis and Relevance to the Studies
C. Methodology
1) Method of Research to be Used
2) The Population frame and Sample Size
3) Instrumentation
4) Data-gathering Procedure
5) Statistical Treatment of the Data
D. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
E. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendation’s
III. Reference
A. Bibliography
B. Appendices
C. Curriculum Vitae
This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design to gather data from 65 respondents in the 50th barangay of Ozamiz City. An adapted survey questionnaire was the main instrument used in gathering data for the study. Results revealed that the level of effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in relation to public safety and the implementation of curfew hours as perceived by the 50th Barangay Resident of Ozamiz City was very effective in the level of implementation of curfew hours. While in the problems encountered by the responders during the implementation of curfew for Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) resulted as not serious. As to the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) the result revealed satisfactory ratings among the BPAT. And lastly, the level of public safety of the 50th barangay residents got a safe rating by the community. The researcher recommended that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action team are encouraged to continue their effectiveness in the implementation of curfew hours and public safety. Furthermore, this study will show the barangay peacekeeping action team's dedication to their duty to maintaining peace and order in their community.
The Role of Youths in Electoral Processes: An Appraisal of the Nigerian 2015 ...inventionjournals
Youths represent a significant proportion of the Nigerian Population, but in spite of this, their level of political participation and representation in the electoral process in the past has been very poor and often times undermined; being largely noticed at the level of electoral malpractices, voting irregularities and covert or overtthuggery in support of political office seekers who paradoxically have dominated the political arena to the point of total exclusion of the youths, yet all groups (youths inclusive) seek to influence dispensation of power. The research therefore sets out to analytically x-ray the issues and challenges that confronted youths in previous general elections viz a viz the tremendous effort made by youths in making the 2015 general elections a success, by particularly the use of social media as a propaganda machine and the dogged attitude displayed in the course of retrieving permanent voters card which is unparrarelled and unprecedented. The research implores the use of vivid descriptive scenarios to make sound and logical arguments on the plight and strive of youth in forestalling equity and fair play in our electoral process and also on the strides recorded thereof. Using variables such as lack of proper electoral education and sensitization in the past, religious, regional and sectional divide, poverty, deprivation, thuggery, social media, permanent voters card and so forth, the researchers conclude that youths have in the past been largely responsible for scuttling elections but were however instrumental to the success of the 2015 general elections. It therefore recommends amongst other things that, it is imperative to develop and enhance the capability of youths in the electoral process by creating a robust orientation programme and also engaging them to become financially and morally equip, so as to drastically reduce if not totally eradicate arm-twisting or manipulation of youths in the society.
Structure of a Research Paper
Parts of A Research Paper
I. Preliminaries
A. Title Page
B. Approval Sheet
C. Acknowledgment Sheet
D. Abstract
E. Table of Contents
F. List of Tables
G. List of Figures
II. Text
A. Introduction
1) Background of the Study
2) Conceptual Framework
3) Statement of the Problem
4) Hypothesis
5) Significance of the Study
6) Scope and Delimitation of the Study
7) Definition of Terms
B. Review of Related Literature and Studies
1) Foreign Literature
2) Foreign Studies
3) Local Literature
4) Local Studies
5) Synthesis and Relevance to the Studies
C. Methodology
1) Method of Research to be Used
2) The Population frame and Sample Size
3) Instrumentation
4) Data-gathering Procedure
5) Statistical Treatment of the Data
D. Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
E. Summary, Conclusions and Recommendation’s
III. Reference
A. Bibliography
B. Appendices
C. Curriculum Vitae
This study utilized the descriptive-correlational design to gather data from 65 respondents in the 50th barangay of Ozamiz City. An adapted survey questionnaire was the main instrument used in gathering data for the study. Results revealed that the level of effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) in relation to public safety and the implementation of curfew hours as perceived by the 50th Barangay Resident of Ozamiz City was very effective in the level of implementation of curfew hours. While in the problems encountered by the responders during the implementation of curfew for Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) resulted as not serious. As to the level of performance of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team (BPAT) the result revealed satisfactory ratings among the BPAT. And lastly, the level of public safety of the 50th barangay residents got a safe rating by the community. The researcher recommended that the Barangay Peacekeeping Action team are encouraged to continue their effectiveness in the implementation of curfew hours and public safety. Furthermore, this study will show the barangay peacekeeping action team's dedication to their duty to maintaining peace and order in their community.
The Role of Youths in Electoral Processes: An Appraisal of the Nigerian 2015 ...inventionjournals
Youths represent a significant proportion of the Nigerian Population, but in spite of this, their level of political participation and representation in the electoral process in the past has been very poor and often times undermined; being largely noticed at the level of electoral malpractices, voting irregularities and covert or overtthuggery in support of political office seekers who paradoxically have dominated the political arena to the point of total exclusion of the youths, yet all groups (youths inclusive) seek to influence dispensation of power. The research therefore sets out to analytically x-ray the issues and challenges that confronted youths in previous general elections viz a viz the tremendous effort made by youths in making the 2015 general elections a success, by particularly the use of social media as a propaganda machine and the dogged attitude displayed in the course of retrieving permanent voters card which is unparrarelled and unprecedented. The research implores the use of vivid descriptive scenarios to make sound and logical arguments on the plight and strive of youth in forestalling equity and fair play in our electoral process and also on the strides recorded thereof. Using variables such as lack of proper electoral education and sensitization in the past, religious, regional and sectional divide, poverty, deprivation, thuggery, social media, permanent voters card and so forth, the researchers conclude that youths have in the past been largely responsible for scuttling elections but were however instrumental to the success of the 2015 general elections. It therefore recommends amongst other things that, it is imperative to develop and enhance the capability of youths in the electoral process by creating a robust orientation programme and also engaging them to become financially and morally equip, so as to drastically reduce if not totally eradicate arm-twisting or manipulation of youths in the society.
Combating Youth Restiveness in Nigeria: Proferring Workable SolutionsAJHSSR Journal
Youth restiveness is a social problem that has grave consequences on the overall national
development in Nigeria. This problem has occupied a place of pride in political and academic discourses in the
last few years and calls for proactive approach to overcome it. Adopting the Desktop Research model as well as
evidences from personal experiences, we examined the causes and consequences of youth restiveness in Nigeria.
Our findings show that youth restiveness is caused by high rate of unemployment, poverty, exclusion of the
youth from mainstream political participation, corruption, bad governance, inequitable distribution of goods and
services among youths. Youth restiveness engenders political instability, creates general insecurity and militates
against investment by local and foreign investors. We recommend job creation through entrepreneurship
education, equity and social justices in the distribution of the gains and pains of development among others
Corruption Political Party System and Nigerian Democracy An Historical Analys...ijtsrd
Liberal democracy all over the world is a welcome phenomenon. In every modern society the game of politics is influenced tremendously by the elite class that projects the political culture which could make or mar democracy, as a result of the activities of the political parties. The adoption of western democracy is a mixed bag of blessing and catastrophes in the body politics of the country. Today, it is difficult to reconcile Nigerian democracy with that of the advanced democratic Countries. In Nigeria, politics is regarded as a “dirty game” which scares away the down trodden people. It has been noted that the level of socio economic development in the country is significantly related to the nature of politics in vogues. Political parties are primarily aimed at primitive accumulation of wealth. Where, “the end justifies the means” . The prevailing election rigging, thuggery, corruption, fear and intimidation by security agencies as well as hate speech in the campaigns of the politicians reflect value degeneration with the attendant instability in the country’s democracy. To this send, the paper examined political parties in Nigeria An historical Perspective from 1960 – 2019 looking at the roles of political parties as they affect the consolidation of democracy in Nigeria. Three 3 theoretical frameworks were used in the study namely Social learning theory SLT , Social Disorganization theory SDT and Corruption Permissiveness theory CPT .The study noted that Nigeria’s political parties from 1960 2019 has witnessed some challenging situation like ethnicity, corruption, violence, military intervention, civil and electoral deficiencies. Based on the findings, the study recommended among others that registered political parties should not be vehicles for the articulation and implementation of ethnic, religious or regional projects and programmes and that they should remain national in scope, courage and orientation. Aristotle Isaac Jacobs | Tarabina Veronica Pamo | Abidde Kilegha Victoria "Corruption, Political Party System and Nigerian Democracy: An Historical Analysis from 1960 – 2019" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38079.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/38079/corruption-political-party-system-and-nigerian-democracy-an-historical-analysis-from-1960-– -2019/aristotle-isaac-jacobs
The Myth and Reality of Womens’ Political Marginalization In Nigeriainventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Menace of Vote Trading and Youth Participation in 2023 General election.pptxGaniuOkunnu
The paper examines issues in electoral process in Nigeria, vote trading, factors responsible for vote trading. The presentation also addresses factors that influence participation of Nigerian youth in formal political processes and how Nigerian youth can act as vanguard for impactful chnage
Elections in Nigeria and Foreign Democratic Assistance, 2015 -2019 Key Lesson...ijtsrd
This paper focuses on elections and foreign democracy assistance to Nigeria in 2015-2019 Key lessons and challenges. The study combined historical and descriptive research methods. While the historical design provided a guide into Nigeria’s democratic journey, the descriptive method helped us explain clearly these impeding factors that have hindered foreign democratic assistance from falling short of the desired standard in the country. The data was gathered through secondary sources. The realistic theory of change by Anderson, a modification of Carols 1972 change model theory, was used as the framework of analysis. The study revealed that 1 Nigeria received democratic assistance between 2015 and 2019 from the US, UK, EU, and other major international partners engaging in democratic promotion. 2 In spite of billions of dollars received as foreign democratic assistance, her political development has remained gloomy. 3 International promoters of democracy in Nigeria have clearly defined objectives with their philanthropic and international assistance for democratic transition, but in a bid to promote democracy, in the context of globalization promoting a free market economy and favourable investment opportunities for their multinational corporations. Lastly, the result shows some key lessons and implications that represent the immediate conclusions and recommendations of this study, such as that, for FDA to be successful, democratisation processes need to be driven from within and supported by at least some key domestic actors, achieve a balance between different goals, connect with the grass roots level, incorporate civil society, and so on. Thus, the election violence, rigging, manipulation, and imposition of candidates that characterised Nigerian elections do not in any way relate to or correlate with foreign democratic assistance objectives. ANYALEBECHI, Shammah Mahakwe | Eyina, Nkatomba Nkatomba | HART, Akie Opuene | ELIJAH Lucky Okapi "Elections in Nigeria and Foreign Democratic Assistance, 2015-2019: Key Lessons and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57523.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/57523/elections-in-nigeria-and-foreign-democratic-assistance-2015-2019-key-lessons-and-challenges/anyalebechi-shammah-mahakwe
Youth, unemployment and national security in nigeriaOnyinye Chime
Abstract
Youth unemployment as it concerns national security has been garnering a significant body of literature. In the
burgeoning literature, the component parts of youth, unemployment and national security is not adequately
assessed and analyzed. This paper is an attempt to describe and analyze the component parts for a better
appreciation of youth unemployment on national security issues and challenges. The paper goes on to confirm
and put in historical perspective that the youth bulge and unemployment are catalysts to national security issues
and challenges. While not diminishing their importance, the paper posits that some of the data used in analyzing
unemployment need to be re-evaluated, placed in context and a new perspective proffered on the role and
importance of youth unemployment in the broad area of national security.
Lecture delivered on the occasion of the public presentation of The Nigerian Political Turf: Polity, Politics and Politicians written by Mobolade Omonijo on Tuesday, August 7, 2012 at The Muson Centre, Onikan-Lagos.
Development in Nigeria Politics: Challenges of Federalism and Resource Contro...Paradise
The paper delves into issues that have plunged Nigeria into what she is today. Pertinent to note that resource problem contingent on federalism needs a redress. Solutions were however postulated.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Youth in Contemporary Politics Roles and Benefits in Nigeria
1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume: 3 | Issue: 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21518 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 882
Youth in Contemporary Politics: Roles and Benefits in Nigeria
Patrick Oromareghake, PhD1, Oluka, Nduka Lucas2
1Professor of Strategic Studies, Department of Political Science, Nassarawa State University, Lafia, Nigeria
2
Lecturer, Department of Political Science, Novena University Ogume, Delta State, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
The youth in contemporary Nigerian politics has played the role of acting the political thug for older politicians in thecountry.
In this study, the researchers set out to examine the role and benefits of the youth in modern-day politics with specific
reference to the recent Nigeria's ‘‘Not-Too-Young-to-Run’’ Bill. It is in this light that this paper adopted Role theory in
explaining the role of the youth in contemporary Nigerian politics. It is obvious that with the Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill, the
youth in Nigeria can now participate effectively in the nation’s political processes, and not continue to play the dirty role of
hooligan on the payroll of the sit-tight political leader who wants to perpetuate himself in power. The paper contends that the
Federal government and the electoral umpire body, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), should make it a
priority to fully implement the Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill, togivemanymore youthstheopportunitytoviefor electoraloffices
in the country. In addition, youths should be included in the nation’s political processes by enlighteningthemontheir roleand
benefits in such processes; not just to function as political thugs but to aspire to run for electoral offices themselves.
Keywords: Youth, Role Theory, Politics, Nigeria
1.1. INTRODUCTION
Youths are very relevant in virtually all areas of human
endeavor, be it in the economic, social or political sphere.
The role and benefits of the youth cannot be over
emphasized when it relates to political development in
particular. In contemporary politics, the youth has not fared
better in the political scheme of things. Youths are the
bedrock of any nation that desires political development. In
Nigeria, the youth has been instrumental to contemporary
politics as they have been involved in the political dynamics
of Nigeria, but unfortunately have taken their political
activism to the social media. They have formed one political
movement or the other in contemporary times in the
country. The first military coup in Nigeria was executed by
youths who were barely in their late twenties. It could be
recalled that "when Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzegowu
attempted to seize power in a coup d’état in January 1966,
the first shot he fired was aimed at self-seeking brigandage
that had become public office in Nigeria" (Ikhu-Omoregbee,
2002). Those who executed the coup with him were youths.
Some of these personalities include: Major Emmanuel
Ifeajuna (aged 31), Major Adewale Ademoyega (aged 29),
etc. Even General Yakubu Gowon, the Nigerian civil war
leader, at age 29, who later became Military Head of State in
1966, was also a youth.
The political trend in most parts of the world in the late
1950s and early 1960s wastowardsthemilitarytake-over of
government in which the soldier-statesman emerged from
the barracks during political tension, to restore his country
to social and political peace, as well as to attain economic
stability (Ademoyega, 1981). The Youth has played
institutionalized and political roles in recent times in
Nigerian politics. With the recent “Not-Too-Young-to-Run
Bill” that was signed into law by President Muhammadu
Buhari, youths were in the fore-front of the campaign and
sponsor of the Bill. Initially, the Bill was met with politicking
and stiff opposition from the oldies in the National Assembly
who considered the youths to be over ambitious, passionate
and desperate for power. This has ushered in tremendous
change of attitude towards politics by the Nigerian youths.
With the Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill in force, the youths in
Nigeria have taken up the challengetobeinvolvedin and run
for elective post up to the office of president. This is a rare
occurrence in Nigeria and has never before been witnessed
by this generation of youths since the truncation of the first
republic in 1966. Ebuzor (2018) notedthaton29September
2018, Fela Durotoye emerged as the presidential candidate
of the Alliance for New Nigeria (ANN). Other youths such as
Omoyele Sowore of the African Action Congress (AAC), and
Tope Fasua of the Abundant Nigeria Renewal Party (ANRP),
among others, feature as frontline presidentialcandidates in
the 2019 presidential election in Nigeria. Thus, to what
benefits does the Not-Too-Young-to-Run Billportend forthe
youth remains a question of scrutiny? It is on this
background that this study is set to examine the role and
benefits of youth in contemporary politics with specific
reference to the Nigerian Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill.
1.2. Objectives of the Study:
The general objective of this study is to extrapolate the role
and benefits which the youth will enjoy in Nigerian
contemporary politics. While the specific objectives are to:
1. Examine the significant of the Not-Too-Young-to-Run
Bill in Nigeria,
2. Examine the role and benefits of youth participation in
politics in the country, and
3. Proffer useful solutions that may promote the Not-Too-
Young-to-Run Bill in the country.
1.3. Research Questions:
To give direction to this study the following research
questions were raised:
1. What is the significant of the Not-Too-Young-to-RunBill
in Nigeria?
2. What are the role and benefits of youth participation in
politics in the country?
3. What are the possible solutions that can promote the
Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill in the country?
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21518 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 883
1.4. Research Method:
The study adopted qualitative research methods to analyze
the role and benefits the youths enjoy in contemporary
politics in Nigeria. This means that the dataused in thestudy
were collected from secondary sources which include
textbooks, journal articles, official documents, internet
materials, etc.
1.5. Theoretical Discourse:
The study adopted the “Role theory” to provide a vivid
understanding or explanation of the concept “Youth” in
contemporary politics. It can be argued that Role theory is
not just a theory but a set of concepts and interrelated
theories that are at the foundation of social science in
general, and the study of the family in particular
(Encyclopedia.com,2003). Thisis why"roles arethebuilding
blocks of social institutions and social structures. From the
structural perspective, roles are culturally defined norms-
rights, duties, expectations, and standards of behaviour
associated with a given social position" (Linton, 1945 cited
in Encyclopedia.com, 2003). It is a culturally defined norms-
right that there are social positions that cannot be held by
the youth due to duties, expectations and standards of
behaviour which are associated with such positions. These
culturally defined norms-rights have relegated youthstothe
background in social institutions and structures. But in
Nigeria, the signing into law of the Not-Too-Young-to-Run
Bill by President Mohammadu Buhari has provided the
platform for Nigerian youths to contest for higher political
offices with a handful vying for the office of president of the
Federal Republic while a significant others vie for other
equally high and respected political offices in the country.
2.1. Conceptual Clarification:
2.1.1 Youth and Politics:
The concept “Youth” is very strategic and central to this
discourse. The term implies young people. According to UN
definition, youth are young people between 15 and 24 years
of age. Each country might have its own definition of youth,
but from the researchers’perspective“Youths”inNigeriaare
citizens of the Federal Republic of Nigeria aged between 18
and 35 years (Okuchukwu, 2015) whereas, in generalterms,
in the African age-grade traditions, the youth may fall
between the age bracket of between 18 and 49, depending
on the society (cf. Chukwu, 2013). However, Politics is
defined as the struggle for powerand consolidationof power
by individuals and groups within a state. It is seen that the
political elites mobilize thepoolof unemployedyouths,often
along the lines of ethnic, religious and party affiliations, and
recruit them as political thugs to perpetrate violence mostly
in periods of election (See Usman, 2009; Okechukwu,2015).
The youth has greatly been involved in contemporary
politics in the electoral process in various countriesof Africa
of which Nigerian youths cannot be exempted.
Unemployment seems to persist among youths in Africa,
despite their involvement in the electoral processes. Okojie
(2003), in her studies on the consequences of youth
unemployment in Africa,noted that“anunwholesome aspect
of youth unemployment and underemployment in many
cities in Africa is visible ‘idleness’, whereby youths
congregate at bars and eating places to drink or converse or
smoke marijuana, for substantial parts of the day”. Youth
unemployment in Africa has also promoted“gangsterism”as
many youths now run criminal enterprises and engage in
public violence, armed robbery, car snatching, illegal fuel
sales, illegal importation of arms, and many of these
antisocial behaviour of the youth has reached alarming
levels in several African cities (Okojie, 2003). In
contemporary politics, even with the youth in complicity,
“electoral fraud has been a recurring problem in Nigeria". It
is believed that only rarely has the ballot reflected thewillof
the people with the youths in the employ of the old
politician. This is why rigging puts the control and
accountability of office holders and governance beyond the
reach of voters (Ilo, 2011).
The fact that politics deals with power acquisition and
allocation of resources, the instinct and urge for political
violence becomes inescapable reality in social engineering.
Again, discontent, strife action and social disaffection could
be predisposing factors, as the influence of godfatherism in
Nigerian politics has further entrenched the culture of
violence within the political space (Onike, 2010). Youthsare
used by politicians to perpetrate politicalviolenceas aresult
of self enrichment (Okuchukwu, 2015). For instance, in
2018, some able bodied youths in the employ of politicians
stormed the Nigerian National Assembly and took away by
force the Mace which is the symbol of authority without
security personnel apprehending the hoodlums. Nigeria
witnessed the historic signing into law of the Not-Too-
Young-to-Run Bill. The bill was passed by the National
Assembly in 2017 to alter sections 65, 106, 131, 177 of the
Constitution of the Federal Republic. Itwastoreducethe age
qualification for president from 40 to 30; governor from 35
to 30; senator from 35 to 30; House of Representatives
membership from 30 to 25 and state House of Assembly
membership from 30 to 25 (Premium Times, 2018).
3.1. An Examination of the Not Too Young to Run Bill
The Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill which has attracted the
attention of the United Nations World Assembly was
presented and sponsored in 2016 by Hon. Tony Nwulu,
member representing Oshodi/Isolo, Lagos, at the Federal
House of Representatives, and a chieftain of the People’s
Democratic Party (PDP), together with Senator Abdul Aziz
Nyako in the Senate. Of note is the point that Tony Nwulu is
one of the youngest lawmakers in the House of
Representatives. A critical examination of the Not-Too-
Young-to-Run Bill revealed that the bill altered theprovision
of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999
(as amended) and for other matters connected therewith
(Onuoha, 2018; Adeyeye, 2018). TheBillthatwassigned into
law by President Muhammadu Buhari is significant because
it reduced the age limits of elective positions and thereby
makes the youth to get more involved in political processes
in the country. Section 65 (1) (a) and (b) was amended by
substituting the provisions with new provisions as follows:
A person shall be qualified for election as a member of:
A. The Senate, if he is a Citizen of Nigeria and has attained
the age of thirty years;
B. The House of Representatives, if heis aCitizenof Nigeria
and has attained the age of twenty-five years.
It also altered section 65 (2) (b) with the provision which
follows thus:
A person shall be qualified forelectionundersubsection
(1) of this section if:
C. He is member of a political party and is sponsored by
that party or he is an independent candidate.
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The Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill also amended section 106
(b) and (d) by substituting the provisions with new
provision as follows:
A person shall be qualified for election as a member of a
House of Assembly if:
D. He has attained the age of twenty-five years.
E. He is a member of a political party and is sponsored by
that party or he is an independent candidate.
Also section 131 (b) and (c) was amended by substituting
the provisions with new provisions as follows:
A person shall be qualified for election to the office of
the President if:
A. He has attained the age of thirty.
B. He is a member of a political party and is sponsored by
that political party or he is an independent candidate.
Also, Section 177 (b) and (c) was amended by substituting
the old and existing provision with a new one as follows:
A person shall be qualified for election to the office of
the Governor of a state if:
A. He has attained the age of thirty
B. He is a member of a political party and is sponsored by
that political party or he is an independent candidate.
The Bill is cited as Constitution (Alteration) Bill, 2016. This
Bill seeks to alter sections 65, 106, 131, 177 of the 1999
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as
amended) to reduce the age qualification for the officeofthe
President and Governor and membership of the Senate and
House of Representatives and the state House of Assembly.
The Bill also seeks to allow independent candidacy in
Nigeria's electoral process. The passage of the bill has
generated arguments in favour and against the bill.
Arguments canvassed in favour of the bill were predicated
on the following grounds:
1. Given the global trend such a bill is timely;
2. It gives equal opportunities for the young and old;
3. It will give room for the young peopletocontributetheir
quota to
4. development;
5. It brings about inclusiveness in the system;
6. It supports the majority (i.e. young people) in the
country under democracy to
7. have their way in vying for elective offices; and
8. It is in line with global standards and international best
practices.
On the other hand, arguments proffered againstthebill were
that:
1. Leadership requires experience that the young people
do not have;
2. The country is enmeshed in a myriad of problemswhich
the young people do not have the experiencestohandle;
3. The root of the country’s problems could be traced to
young persons who assumed leadership immediately
after independence whose misrule brought about the
first coup in the country also led by young army Majors
that ushered in successive military regimes; and
4. Most of the past and present leaders at all levels of
government were/are below sixty years of age, and
could be regarded as young people; so, there will be no
basis for the bill to be passed into law (Onwughalu &
Obiorah, 2018).
3.2. Roles and Benefits of Youth Participation in
Politics in the Country:
In view of the consequences of the foregoing scenario,
agitation for reduction of age limits for elective positions in
the country has coalesced into a global movement and
campaign seeking also for provision for independent
candidacy. Onwughalu & Obiorah (2018) noted that young
person’s participation in politics and in the decision-making
process is a function of inclusive political space which the
National Democratic Institute(2016) defined astheavenues,
opportunities and entry points available for citizens to
express their voice and influence political processes and
outcomes. The youth has played significant roles in the
political space despite being relegated to the background of
the electoral process. With the reduction of age
qualifications, the youth is now gainfully involved in the
political process of Nigeria. The role of youths in
contemporary politics is immense as they have been able to
sponsor a bill to the alterations of the Constitution which
saw to its amendment in their favour through the Not-Too-
Young-to-Run Bill. This age reduction of political office
aspirants to electoral positions is of great benefit to the
youths as it would give them more passion to run for the
political process. Even as a consequence to the alterations of
the Constitution, youths can now contest for elective
positions as independent candidates without being
sponsored by a political party.
3.2.1 Elective Offices andAgeSpecificationsinNigeria
S/
N
Elective Offices
Present
Ages
Proposed
Ages
1. President 40 years 30 years
2. Senate 35 years 30 years
3.
House of
Representatives
30 years 25 years
4. Governor 35 years 30 years
5. State House of Assembly 30 years 25 years
Retrieved from Obioha, J. I. (2017)
With the bill signed into law, the youths can now contribute
immensely to the electoral process because the age
qualifications had hitherto hindered them greatly from
participating more in politics and elective positions.
Hopefully, this change would bring about inclusiveness of
the youths in contemporary politics in Nigeria.
4.1. Conclusion:
The Nigerian youths in contemporary politics have not been
carried along by the elderly in terms of electing individuals
to positions of leadership in the country. But with the
passage and signing into law of the Not-Too-Young-to-Run
Bill by President Muhammadu Buhari, the youths, instead of
being used as political thugs, would now be given a platform
to aspire for any political position they so desire. The 2019
presidential election has witnessed the aspirations of young
people such as Fela Durotoye and a handful others in the
political space as presidential candidate while a significant
others aspire for lesser positions both at the federal and
state levels.
5.1. Recommendations:
It is in view of the above that this study recommended as
follows:
1. Implementation of the Not-Too-Young-to-Run Bill:
The federal government and its electoral body, the
Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), should
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21518 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 885
make it a priority to fully implement the Not-Too-Young-to-
Run Bill; to give more Youths the chance to contest for
electoral offices in the country at all levels.
2. Youth Inclusiveness in the Political Process:
The youth should be included in the political process by
enlightening them on their role and benefits in the political
process not as political thugs but as candidate for electoral
offices in Nigeria.
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