2. Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
Networking began its infancy in the mid -1960’s.
by the US Department of Defence (DoD).
The original intention of networking was being
developed to withstand a nuclear war.
Telephone networks were to vulnerable and would
terminate all conversations should a nuclear war
occur.
3. WE ARE DEALING WITH MACHINES INSTEAD O F
PEO PLE INTO DAY’S WO RLD. O UR PRIVACY IS
AFFECTED AND ALMO ST ALL O F O UR PERSO NAL
INFO RMATIO NCANBE FO UND IN
THE “VIRTUAL WO RLD” .
Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
4. ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency)
was created in response with the launching of the
Sputnik in 1957.
ARPA decided that a DoD network should be packet-
switched networked consisting of a subnet and
host computers.
Experimental network research was awarded to
UCLA, UCSB, SRI and Univ. of Utha in 1969. These
areas were because they all had a large number
of ARPA contracts.
Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
5. These 4 universities also had different and completely
incompatible host computers.
ARPANET protocols were not suitable for running over
multiple networks, so TCP/IP model and protocols
were invented in 1974.
ARPA awarded several other contracts and specifically
Univ.. of California at Berkeley to integrate the
protocols with the Berkeley UNIX.
Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
6. NETWORKS ARE BROKEN INTO 3 TOPOLOGIES.
THEY ARE:
•BUS TOPOLOGY
•STAR TOPOLOGY
•RING TOPOLOGY
Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
7. BUS TOPOLOGY ALLOWS INFORMATION TO BE
DIRECTED FROM ONE COMPUTER TO THE OTHER.
LOTS OF BINARY COLLISION THOUGH.
Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
8. STAR TOPOLOGY IS THE MOST COMMON TYPE
USED. ALL COMPUTERS ARE ATTACHED TO A HUB.
LESS COLLISIONS AND MOST EFFICIENT.
Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
9. RING TOPOLOGY- USES A TOKEN TO PASS
INFORMATION FROM 1 COMPUTER TO THE OTHER.
A TOKEN IS ATTACHED TO THE MESSAGE BY THE
SENDER TO IDENTIFY WHICH COMPUTER SHOULD
RECEIVE THE MESSAGE. AS THE MESSAGE MOVES
AROUND THE RING, EACH COMPUTER EXAMINES
THE TOKEN. IF THE COMPUTER IDENTIFIES THE TOKEN
AS ITS OWN, THEN IT WILL PROCESS THE
INFORMATION.
Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
10. A DISADVANTAGE OF A TOKEN RING IS IF ONE
COMPUTER IS BROKEN OR DOWN, THE MESSAGE
CANNOT BE PASSED TO THE OTHER COMPUTERS.
Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
11. TYPES OF NETWORKS
LAN – LOCAL AREA NETWORK IS A SMALL
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA SUCH AS OUR SCHOOL
BOARD.
MAN – METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK IS A
NETWORK OVER A LARGER GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
SUCH AS THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT.
WAN – WIDE AREA NETWORK IS A NETWORK USED
OVER AN EXTREMELY LARGE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
SUCH AS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
12. Header Trailer (Footer)
Contains : Contains :
Mac Address (if available) Mac Address (from your compu
IP Address (where it's going) IP Address (where it came from)
Bits of
information
THERE ARE A NUMBEROF PACKETS THAT WILL
FOLLOWEACHOTHERTOTHE FINAL DESTINATION.
Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
13. FTP - File Tra nsfer Protocol
FTP provides a sta ndard system for sending
a nd receiving files over IP networks.
HTTP Protocol
Web browsers a nd servers use the Hypertext
Tra nsfer Protocol (HTTP) protocol to
communica te.
Electronic Ma il Protocols
Severa l network protocols were developed
specifica lly to support electronic ma il over the
Internet.
THE APPLICATION LAYER
Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
14. IPv6 - Internet Protocol version 6
IPv6 promises to relieve the current IP a ddress
shorta ge, a nd this new version of the protocol
ma y a lso increa se performa nce a nd improve
a dministra tion ca pabilities.
PPPoE
The Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet
(PPPoE) sta ndard helps a ccess providers
ma na ge their broa dba nd service delivery, a nd
it ca n a lso improve the ea se of use for DSL a nd
ca ble modem customers.
THE APPLICATION LAYER
Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
15. THE NETWORKLAYER
If you lookat the IPAddress, the numberare broken
into different categories.
216. 27.61.137
Classification Hosts
216. 27.61.137
Octets
Basics of NetworkingBasics of Networking
