The document discusses different perspectives on defining and understanding the concept of self. It explores philosophical, psychological, and personality-based definitions. Key points include: - Philosophically, self is the entity that directs a person's thoughts and actions. Psychologically, it refers to one's identity, thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and relationships. - Personality encompasses traits, motives, self-concept, and feelings that characterize an individual. It is influenced by both nature and nurture. - Major personality theorists discussed include Allport, Cattell, Eysenck, and the Big Five model, each proposing different trait-based approaches to defining personality. - Other concepts covered are Jung

1. KNOWING ONESELF

2. DEFINING SELF
• IN PHILOSOPHICAL TERM
• IT IS THE “BEING WHICH IS THE SOURCE OF A PERSON’
CONSCIOUSNESS”
• IT IS THE “AGENT RESPONSIBLE THE PERSON’S
THOUGHTS AND ACTIONS”
• AN INTANGIBLE ENTITY THAT DIRECTS A PERSON
THOUGHTS AND ACTION

3. PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY OR
RELIGION
•IS THE ESSENCE OF A PERSON: HIS
THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, ACTIONS,
EXPERIENCE, BELIEFS, VALUES,
PRINCIPLES AND RELATIONSHIPS.
•INCLUDES A PERSON’S LIFE PURPOSE,
MEANING AND ASPIRATIONS

4. PSYCHOLOGICAL DEFINITION
•“SELF IS DEFINE AS THE
COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE
REPRESENTATION ONE’S
IDENTITY.

5. PERSONALITY
• REFERRED TO AS THE SET OF BEHAVIORS, FEELINGS,
THOUGHTS, AND MOTIVES THAT IDENTIFIES AN
INDIVIDUAL.
• PERSONALITY IS THE ESSENCE OF WHO WE ARE,
• THE EMBODIMENT OF ONE'S PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL,
COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE AND SPIRITUAL SELF.
• THEREFORE WHEN WE SPEAK OF “SELF”. WE WILL
DESCRIBE IT IN PERSONALITY TERMS

6. PERSONALITY REFERS TO….
REFERS TO THE UNIQUE AND
RELATIVELY ENDURING SET OF
BEHAVIORS, FEELINGS THOUGHTS,
MOTIVES THAT CHARACTERIZED AN
INDIVIDUAL

7. PERSONALITY
•A PATTERN OF HABITS, ATTITUDES,
AND TRAITS THAT DETERMINE AN
INDIVIDUAL’S CHARACTERISTICS,
BEHAVIOR AND TRAITS. (SANCHEZ,
ABAD AND JAO 2012)…

8. PERSONALITY IS
INFLUENCED BY:
•NATURE (HEREDITY AND
GENETIC MAKE-UP)
•NURTURE (ENVIRONMENT)

9. • PERSONALITY TRAIT IS A DISPOSITION TO
BEHAVE CONSISTENTLY IN A PARTICULAR
WAY.
• PERSONALITY IS A BROADER TERM THAT
COMPRISES OF TRAITS, MOTIVES,
THOUGHT SELF-CONCEPT AND
FEELINGS.

10. ONE GENERAL FACTOR IS THAT
….
• PERSONALITY DEALS WITH TRAITS AND THAT
TRAITS OR DISPOSITION IS A MAJOR FACTOR IN
PERSONALITY
• TRAIT THEORY IS AN APPROACH IN IDENTIFYING
TYPES OF PERSONALITIES BASED ON CERTAIN
TRAITS OR ATTRIBUTES , WHICH VARY FROM ONE
PERSON TO THE OTHER

11. Allport, Cattell, Eysenck and the Big Five
The Personality Trait Theory is one of the most
critically debated in the field of personality studies.
Many psychologists have theorized using the trait
approach to personality, which advocates the
differences between individuals. To better
understand the Personality Trait Theory, suppose
you are asked to describe your friend's
personality. You may say that he is cheerful,
sociable and fun to be with. These traits and more
are the main focus of the trait approach.

12. Gordon Allport: Trait Theory
According to Gordon Allport, one
English dictionary could provide you
more than 4000 words describing or
synonymous to a single personality
trait. Because of this finding, he was
able to categorize traits into three
general levels. They include:

13. 1. Cardinal Traits
For sure you have heard the words "Christ-like",
"Freudian" and "Narcissist". The origins and
meanings of these traits are very easy to
determine. A person may be called "Christ-like" if
he sacrifices his own good for the benefit of
others. Cardinal traits, therefore, are the ones that
dominate the entirety of a person's life such that a
person carrying such trait may even become
famous and have their name become synonymous
with these traits.

14. 2. Central Traits
These are general characteristics that you
use to describe another person are called
central traits. Examples include kind,
sincere, cool and jolly.

15. 3. Secondary Traits
These traits are those that only
come out under certain
situations. For example, you
become uneasy when a pop quiz
is announced.

16. Raymond Cattell: Sixteen Personality Factor
Questionnaire
From Allport's list of about 4,000 traits, Raymond Cattell
decreased the number into 1713 because he believed
that uncommon traits should be eliminated. In his
research, Cattell eventually narrowed down the list into
16 personality traits. He then developed the Sixteen
Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), an assessment
tool commonly utilized today. The 16 personality traits
include:

17. 1. Warmth (A)
2. Reasoning (B)
3. Emotional Stability (C)
4. Dominance (E)
5. Liveliness (F)
6. Rule-consciousness (G)
7. Social Boldness (H)
8. Sensitivity (I)

18. 9. Vigilance (L)
10. Abstractedness (M)
11. Privateness (N)
12. Apprehension/Apprehensiveness (O)
13. Openness to change (Q1)
14. Self-reliance (Q2)
15. Perfectionism (Q3)
16. Tension (Q4)

19. Hans Eysenck: Three Dimensions of
Personality
British psychologist Hans Eysenck
developed a model of personality based
upon just three universal trails:
Unlike Allport and Cattell, theorist Hans
Eysenck only included three general traits
in his list. They are:

20. 1. Introversion- Extraversion
As in Carl Jung's personality type
theory, Eysenck classified people as
either introvert, those who directs
focus on inner world, or extravert,
those who gives more attention to
other people and his environment.

21. 2. Neuroticism-Emotional Stability
This category is synonymous to
"moodiness versus even-
temperedness", where in a neurotic
person is inclined to having
changing emotions from time to time,
while an emotionally stable person
tends to maintain a constant mood or
emotion.

22. 3. Pyschoticism
This dimension refers to the
finding it hard to deal with reality. A
psychotic person may be
considered hostile, manipulative,
anti-social and non-emphathetic.

23. MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR
(PERSONALITY MODEL BASED ON FOUR PREFERENCES)
E OR I (EXTRAVERSION OR INTROVERSION)
HOW INDIVIDUAL PREFERS TO CHANNEL
HIS/HER ENERGY WHEN DEALING WITH PEOPLE,
WHETHER ITS INWARD (INTROVERSION)
OR OUTWARD (EXTROVERSION

24. S OR N (SENSING AND INTUITION)
HOW ONE PREFERS TO PROCESS
INFORMATION, WHETHER THROUGH THE
USE OF SENSES SUCH AS BEING ABLE TO
DESCRIBE WHAT ONE SEES, OR INTUITIVELY
LIKE DEALING WITH IDEAS.

25. T OR F (THINKING OR FEELING)
IS HOW AN INDIVIDUAL PREFERS TO
MAKE DECISIONS, EITHER THINKING OR
USING LOGIC AND ANALYSIS, OR FEELINGS
WHICH USES THE COGNITIVE SENSE BASES
ON VALUES OR BELIEFS.

26. J OR P (JUDGEMENT OR PERCEPTION)
IS HOW INDIVIDUAL PREFER TO MANGE
ONE’S LIFE, WHETHER THROUGH JUDGING
WHICH MEANS A PLANNED AND ORGANIZED
LIFE, VERSUS PERCEPTION, WHICH HAS A
MORE FLEXIBLE APPROACH TO LIVING.

27. THE BIG FIVE/ FFM
•AS A RESULT OF A THOROUGH
RESEARCH ON CATTELL'S AND
EYSENCK'S PERSONALITY TRAIT
THEORIES, THE BIG FIVE THEORY WAS
FORMULATED. THIS MODEL STATES
THAT THERE ARE 5 CORE TRAITS
WHICH COLLABORATE IN ORDER TO

28. Extraversion - tendency to be active, sociable, person-
oriented, talkative, optimistic, empathetic
Openness to Experience - tendency to be imaginative,
curious, creative and may have unconventional beliefs
and values.
Agreeableness - tendency to be good-natured, kind-
hearted, helpful, altruistic and trusting

29. Conscientiousness - tendency to be
hardworking, reliable, ambitious, punctual
and self-directed.
Neuroticism - tendency to become
emotionally unstable and may even
develop psychological distress

30. ACTIVITY
•FORM A GROUP :
•EXPLAIN THE QUOTATION OF OSCAR WILDE
“ TO LOVE ONESELF IS THE BEGINNING OF
LIFELONG ROMANCE”

31. APPLICATION
DISCUSSION:
THINK OF ANY SYMBOL THAT MAY
REPRESENT YOUR “SELF”, SHARE IT WITH
THE CLASS BY EXPLAIN WHY DID YOU
CHOOSE THE SYMBOL

32. ASSIGNMENT
WRITE A REFLECTION ABOUT;
HOW IS THE CONCEPT OF “SELF”
EXPRESSED AND EXPLAINED BY FILIPINOS?

33. KNOWING OTHERS IS INTELLIGENCE;
KNOWING YOURSELF IS TRUE WISDOM.
MASTERING OTHERS IS STRENGTH,
MASTERING YOURSELF IS TRUE POWER