The document discusses the Khilafat Movement in India which aimed to support the Ottoman Caliphate and oppose the Treaty of Sevres. It provides background on the Ottoman Empire's role in the Islamic world, outlines reactions by Indian Muslims to the treaty, and major events of the movement such as non-cooperation campaigns and the issuance of fatwas. The movement declined after the Treaty of Lausanne recognized Turkey's borders and the caliphate was formally abolished.
The Khilafat movement was launched in 1919 by Indian Muslims to retain the Ottoman Caliphate and protect Muslim holy sites after World War I. It aimed to prevent non-Muslims from controlling holy places in Turkey and restore Ottoman territories. Muslim leaders protested British policies and were imprisoned. Gandhi and the Congress supported non-cooperation campaigns, but the movement ended after violence in Chauri Chaura and the leaders were arrested. While it created political awareness, the movement also demonstrated divisions between Hindus and Muslims.
This document provides a detailed history of the Indian freedom struggle from 1857 to 1947. It discusses key events and figures in the movement, including the 1857 revolt, the birth of the Indian National Congress in 1885, and the leadership of Gandhi. Major nonviolent resistance campaigns are summarized, such as the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Civil Disobedience Movement led by Gandhi, and the Dandi March. The document also outlines violent revolutionary acts by nationalist groups and the executions of revolutionary leaders like Bhagat Singh.
Khilafat Movement
By Zubda Ahmad
INTRODUCTION
The Khilafat movement was a religio-political movement launched by the Muslims of India for the retention of the Ottoman Caliphate and for not handing over the control of Muslim holy places to non-Muslims. BACKGROUNDTurkey sided with Germany in World War 1. As it began to lose the war, concerns were expressed in India about the future of Turkey. It was a peak period from 1919 to 1922 casting demonstrations, boycott, and other pressure by the two major communities, the Hindus and the Muslims. Being brothers, the Indian Muslims realized their religious duty to help the Muslim country. It was the extra territorial attachments based on Islam. Another factor same to the first was that the Indian Muslims considered Ottoman Caliphate a symbol of unity of the Muslim world as Ummah.
Goals
1. Ottoman Khilafat should be kept intact.2. To preserved the Territorial solidarity.3. Control of holy the places should not be given to non-Muslims.
DIMENSIONS
The writings of the Muslim intellectuals provoked the sentiments for the preservation of Khilafat and retention of the Muslims control of the holy places.
The Muslims journalism played a vital role to steer the direction of the struggle.
Zamindar of Zafar Ali Khan, Comrade and Hamdard of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, and Al-Hilal of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad etc. were the prominent newspapers and magazines which performed their duties to express their resentment.
The Allies imposed humiliating terms on defeated Turkey.
Activities of khilafat movement
Deligations:
Deligations were sent to U.K and other European countries the feelings of the Muslims to get the governments.
Medical Aid:
Doctors,nurses arid medicines were dispatched to Turkey for the treatment of wounded Turkish soldiers.
Activities of khilafat movement
Treaty Of Sevres:
In 1920, treaty of sevres was signed between Allied forces.It was decided by the treaty that the Allies and Syria,Iraq and Jordan woud be separated from Turkish empire.
Processions:
Muslim volunteers presented themselves to police for arrests.All leaders were sent behind the bars but the movement could not be diminished.
Protests in India:
All India Khilafat Committee was formed at Bombay in July 1919. The first Khilafat Conference at Delhi in November 1919 was arranged in which the Congress leaders like Gandhi and Nehru participated. In this way, the major political parties joined hands to assault the injustice with the Muslim community.
These steps were announced:
No participation in victory celebrations.
Boycott of British goods.
Non Cooperation with the Government.
The second Khilafat Conference (Amritsar) was held in Dec. 1919. Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali joined the session after being released from prison. In Jan. 1920, M. A. Ansari led a delegation
The political situation of subcontinent abdul qadoos
The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan and key events leading to its formation, including: 1) The Hindi-Urdu controversy in the 19th century sowed seeds of conflict between Hindus and Muslims; 2) The Muslim League was established in 1906 to represent Muslim political interests; 3) The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw temporary cooperation between the Congress and League but broke down after World War 1. The demand for an independent Pakistan grew stronger after the failure of cooperation efforts and Congress mistreatment of Muslims in the late 1930s.
This document provides a detailed overview of the Indian freedom struggle between 1857 and 1947. It discusses key events and figures such as the 1857 revolt, the establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885, and the rise of nationalist leaders like Tilak, Aurobindo Ghose, and Gandhi. It also summarizes major movements led by these leaders, including the Swadeshi Movement, Home Rule Movement, Non-Cooperation Movement, and the impact of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The document traces the evolution of the freedom struggle from moderate constitutional agitation to more radical mass movements advocating for full independence.
The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw the Muslim League and Indian National Congress agree to cooperate in demanding self-rule from the British. The pact conceded that Muslims were a separate nation and guaranteed seats for minority religious groups in provincial legislatures. Muhammad Ali Jinnah negotiated the pact and was hailed as the "Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity." Meanwhile, the Khilafat Movement sought to maintain the status of the Ottoman Caliph and protect Muslim holy sites after World War I, uniting Muslims and Congress. Though it failed to achieve its goals and ended with communal violence, the movement politically awakened Muslims and eroded trust in both the British and Hindus.
The Khilafat Movement was a significant event in Indian history that aimed to protect Turkey and restore the Khilafat and Turkish territories after World War I. Led by Ali brothers and other leaders, it protested the British government's failure to uphold promises regarding fair treatment of Turks and the Khalifa. Gandhi collaborated to lead the related Non-cooperation Movement, but it and the earlier Hijrat Migration Movement failed, contributing to the ultimate failure of the Khilafat Movement and demonstrating growing divisions between Hindus and Muslims.
The Khilafat Movement was a pan-Islamic political protest campaign launched by Muslims in British India between 1919-1924 to influence the British government and protect the Ottoman Empire after World War I. The movement gained strength after the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920 that partitioned the Ottoman Empire. Although mainly a religious movement, it became part of the wider Indian independence movement. The movement introduced religious rhetoric into Indian Muslim politics and gave Muslim clergy a central role in politics through organizations like the Jamiat-e-Ulama-e-Hind. It had a regressive ideological influence on modern Indian Muslim thinking.
The Khilafat movement was launched in 1919 by Indian Muslims to retain the Ottoman Caliphate and protect Muslim holy sites after World War I. It aimed to prevent non-Muslims from controlling holy places in Turkey and restore Ottoman territories. Muslim leaders protested British policies and were imprisoned. Gandhi and the Congress supported non-cooperation campaigns, but the movement ended after violence in Chauri Chaura and the leaders were arrested. While it created political awareness, the movement also demonstrated divisions between Hindus and Muslims.
This document provides a detailed history of the Indian freedom struggle from 1857 to 1947. It discusses key events and figures in the movement, including the 1857 revolt, the birth of the Indian National Congress in 1885, and the leadership of Gandhi. Major nonviolent resistance campaigns are summarized, such as the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Civil Disobedience Movement led by Gandhi, and the Dandi March. The document also outlines violent revolutionary acts by nationalist groups and the executions of revolutionary leaders like Bhagat Singh.
Khilafat Movement
By Zubda Ahmad
INTRODUCTION
The Khilafat movement was a religio-political movement launched by the Muslims of India for the retention of the Ottoman Caliphate and for not handing over the control of Muslim holy places to non-Muslims. BACKGROUNDTurkey sided with Germany in World War 1. As it began to lose the war, concerns were expressed in India about the future of Turkey. It was a peak period from 1919 to 1922 casting demonstrations, boycott, and other pressure by the two major communities, the Hindus and the Muslims. Being brothers, the Indian Muslims realized their religious duty to help the Muslim country. It was the extra territorial attachments based on Islam. Another factor same to the first was that the Indian Muslims considered Ottoman Caliphate a symbol of unity of the Muslim world as Ummah.
Goals
1. Ottoman Khilafat should be kept intact.2. To preserved the Territorial solidarity.3. Control of holy the places should not be given to non-Muslims.
DIMENSIONS
The writings of the Muslim intellectuals provoked the sentiments for the preservation of Khilafat and retention of the Muslims control of the holy places.
The Muslims journalism played a vital role to steer the direction of the struggle.
Zamindar of Zafar Ali Khan, Comrade and Hamdard of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, and Al-Hilal of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad etc. were the prominent newspapers and magazines which performed their duties to express their resentment.
The Allies imposed humiliating terms on defeated Turkey.
Activities of khilafat movement
Deligations:
Deligations were sent to U.K and other European countries the feelings of the Muslims to get the governments.
Medical Aid:
Doctors,nurses arid medicines were dispatched to Turkey for the treatment of wounded Turkish soldiers.
Activities of khilafat movement
Treaty Of Sevres:
In 1920, treaty of sevres was signed between Allied forces.It was decided by the treaty that the Allies and Syria,Iraq and Jordan woud be separated from Turkish empire.
Processions:
Muslim volunteers presented themselves to police for arrests.All leaders were sent behind the bars but the movement could not be diminished.
Protests in India:
All India Khilafat Committee was formed at Bombay in July 1919. The first Khilafat Conference at Delhi in November 1919 was arranged in which the Congress leaders like Gandhi and Nehru participated. In this way, the major political parties joined hands to assault the injustice with the Muslim community.
These steps were announced:
No participation in victory celebrations.
Boycott of British goods.
Non Cooperation with the Government.
The second Khilafat Conference (Amritsar) was held in Dec. 1919. Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali joined the session after being released from prison. In Jan. 1920, M. A. Ansari led a delegation
The political situation of subcontinent abdul qadoos
The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan and key events leading to its formation, including: 1) The Hindi-Urdu controversy in the 19th century sowed seeds of conflict between Hindus and Muslims; 2) The Muslim League was established in 1906 to represent Muslim political interests; 3) The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw temporary cooperation between the Congress and League but broke down after World War 1. The demand for an independent Pakistan grew stronger after the failure of cooperation efforts and Congress mistreatment of Muslims in the late 1930s.
This document provides a detailed overview of the Indian freedom struggle between 1857 and 1947. It discusses key events and figures such as the 1857 revolt, the establishment of the Indian National Congress in 1885, and the rise of nationalist leaders like Tilak, Aurobindo Ghose, and Gandhi. It also summarizes major movements led by these leaders, including the Swadeshi Movement, Home Rule Movement, Non-Cooperation Movement, and the impact of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. The document traces the evolution of the freedom struggle from moderate constitutional agitation to more radical mass movements advocating for full independence.
The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw the Muslim League and Indian National Congress agree to cooperate in demanding self-rule from the British. The pact conceded that Muslims were a separate nation and guaranteed seats for minority religious groups in provincial legislatures. Muhammad Ali Jinnah negotiated the pact and was hailed as the "Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity." Meanwhile, the Khilafat Movement sought to maintain the status of the Ottoman Caliph and protect Muslim holy sites after World War I, uniting Muslims and Congress. Though it failed to achieve its goals and ended with communal violence, the movement politically awakened Muslims and eroded trust in both the British and Hindus.
The Khilafat Movement was a significant event in Indian history that aimed to protect Turkey and restore the Khilafat and Turkish territories after World War I. Led by Ali brothers and other leaders, it protested the British government's failure to uphold promises regarding fair treatment of Turks and the Khalifa. Gandhi collaborated to lead the related Non-cooperation Movement, but it and the earlier Hijrat Migration Movement failed, contributing to the ultimate failure of the Khilafat Movement and demonstrating growing divisions between Hindus and Muslims.
The Khilafat Movement was a pan-Islamic political protest campaign launched by Muslims in British India between 1919-1924 to influence the British government and protect the Ottoman Empire after World War I. The movement gained strength after the Treaty of Sèvres in 1920 that partitioned the Ottoman Empire. Although mainly a religious movement, it became part of the wider Indian independence movement. The movement introduced religious rhetoric into Indian Muslim politics and gave Muslim clergy a central role in politics through organizations like the Jamiat-e-Ulama-e-Hind. It had a regressive ideological influence on modern Indian Muslim thinking.
The document summarizes the political developments in South Asia under British rule from the late Mughal period to the establishment of the Khilafat movement. It describes the weakening of the Mughal empire and establishment of direct British rule after 1857. It then discusses the educational and political reforms initiated by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and religious institutions like Darul Uloom Deoband. It outlines the formation of the Indian National Congress and All India Muslim League in response to the changing political situation. Finally, it provides details about the Khilafat movement launched in 1919 to protect the Ottoman Caliphate.
This document discusses the educational and political developments in South Asia under British rule that impacted Muslims. It outlines Sir Syed Ahmed Khan's educational reforms establishing schools and colleges to provide modern education to Muslims. It also discusses the establishment of the Muslim League in 1906 as a key political organization to represent Muslim interests, and the Lucknow Pact of 1916 where the League and Congress agreed to constitutional reforms including separate electorates for Muslims. Overall the document examines the efforts of Muslim leaders and organizations in response to British policies to protect Muslim political and educational rights.
The Pakistan Movement was a historical movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah that advocated for a separate Muslim state (Pakistan) from the predominantly Hindu India. Key events and figures that advanced this movement included the teachings of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Allama Iqbal who promoted Muslim identity and the Two Nation Theory. Jinnah and the All India Muslim League played a central role in the Pakistan Resolution of 1940 and negotiations with the British, which ultimately led to the independence of Pakistan in 1947 and the partition of India.
The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism in the years following World War I. Its purpose was to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war.
Ghadar Movement ,Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.pptxAbozarYousafzai
The document summarizes the Ghadar movement, Rowlatt Act, and Jallianwala Bagh massacre. It provides background on the Ghadar party formed in 1913 in the US to organize Indian students and spread nationalist ideas. It discusses the party's activities in smuggling arms and inciting mutiny. The Rowlatt Act of 1919 gave the British sweeping powers to crack down on political dissent. This led to protests in Amritsar where troops fired on a peaceful crowd in Jallianwala Bagh, killing hundreds in the massacre. The event galvanized Indian nationalism and the independence movement.
Khilafat Movement by SajidaLodhi.PPTpptxlodhisaajjda
On July 5, 1919, the All India Khilafat Committee was established
in Bombay to organize public opinion on the issue of Khilafat and
to prepare an agreed plan of action
This document summarizes key events in Hindu-Muslim relations in India from the 19th century to the 1940s:
1) It discusses the Urdu-Hindi controversy of 1867 that heightened linguistic tensions between Hindus and Muslims. Leaders like Sir Syed Ahmed Khan advocated for Urdu, while Hindus demanded Hindi be recognized.
2) It also summarizes the Partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British to curb nationalism, which polarized Hindus and Muslims with opposing reactions, leading to its annulment in 1911.
3) The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw a brief period of Hindu-Muslim unity against the British during World War 1 and the Khilafat Movement, though this broke down after
This document summarizes some key events in Indian history between the 19th and early 20th centuries:
1) It discusses the Urdu-Hindi controversy that occurred between 1867-1947, which deepened Muslim separatism according to some historians. This linguistic conflict contributed to growing divisions in India.
2) The partition of Bengal in 1905 aimed to curb the growing nationalist movement, but backfired and increased tensions, ultimately being revoked in 1911.
3) The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw temporary Hindu-Muslim unity and cooperation, including Muslim support for the Khilafat Movement launched in 1919 to defend the Ottoman Caliph.
4) The Khilafat Movement employed non-
Nationalist movements arose across Asia and Africa in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in response to Western imperialism. Leaders like Gandhi in India and Mao in China drew on different political philosophies to organize resistance through nonviolent civil disobedience campaigns. The movements sought independence and self-rule for their nations. Factors like the Cold War and tensions between religious groups influenced some nationalist movements and led to outcomes like the partition of India and establishment of an independent People's Republic of China.
The document summarizes the roles of several important personalities in the Pakistan Movement, including:
1. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, who founded the Aligarh Movement and proposed the Two Nation Theory, arguing Hindus and Muslims were two distinct nations.
2. Allama Iqbal, who advocated for a separate Muslim state and first proposed the idea of Pakistan in his 1930 Allahabad Address.
3. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who led the Pakistan Movement and served as Pakistan's first Governor-General, successfully negotiating for the establishment of Pakistan in 1947.
4. Liaquat Ali Khan, who served as the first Prime Minister of Pakistan and Deputy Leader of the Muslim League, playing a key
The document discusses the partition of Bengal in 1947. It provides background on:
1) Bengal was previously divided in 1905 for administrative reasons, then reunited in 1911.
2) In 1947, at the end of British rule and creation of India and Pakistan, Bengal was partitioned along religious lines. The western part joined India and the eastern part joined Pakistan.
3) Over 18 million people migrated as a result, with at least 1 million dying in communal violence during the migration process. The partition displaced many and separated communities that had lived as neighbors for generations.
The Khilafat movement was launched in British India in 1919 to preserve the Ottoman Caliphate and Muslim control over holy sites after World War I. Hindus and Muslims collaborated in mass demonstrations and boycotts to pressure the British. The movement's goals were to keep the Ottoman Khilafat intact, preserve its territories, and ensure non-Muslim control over holy places. Though popular and involving leaders like Gandhi, the movement declined after violence in 1921-1922 and the abolition of the Caliphate in 1923, exposing divisions between Hindus and Muslims.
The Khilafat Movement was a political protest launched in 1919-1922 by Indian Muslims to influence the British government and its treatment of the Ottoman Empire after World War I. The movement aimed to (a) protect holy places in Turkey, (b) restore Turkish territories, and (c) maintain the Ottoman Caliphate. It led to the non-cooperation movement in cooperation with the Indian National Congress. However, the movement ultimately failed after thousands were imprisoned and the caliphate was abolished in Turkey in 1924.
MAJOR POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS 1857-1947.pptxsyedmirsyed
The document summarizes major political developments in Pakistan from 1857 to 1947, including:
1) The decline of Muslim rule in India after the 1857 uprising, and efforts by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and others to revive Muslim political and cultural identity.
2) The formation of the Muslim League in 1906 to represent Muslim political interests, and changes to its goals in 1913 emphasizing self-government.
3) Key events and agreements between 1905-1916 impacting Hindu-Muslim relations like the Partition of Bengal, Simla Deputation, Lucknow Pact.
4) Important conferences and commissions between 1920-1935 regarding constitutional reforms, including the Roundtable Conferences and Jinnah's Fourteen Points.
ideology and constitution of Pakistan .pdfsaeedqadeer34
The document discusses the 1857 revolt against British rule in India and its causes and impacts. It notes that the revolt was sparked by the introduction of new firearms that Hindus and Muslims found religiously objectionable, as well as political, economic, social, and military discrimination by the British. While the revolt shook British control, it ultimately failed due to a lack of clear leadership and plans. The document also examines Sir Syed Ahmed Khan's contributions to educational and political reforms for Muslims after the revolt.
Indian nationalism grew in the early 20th century led by the Indian National Congress and Muslim League. The Amritsar Massacre in 1919, where British troops fired on unarmed Indian protesters without warning killing hundreds, radicalized many Indians and turned them towards nationalism. Mohandas Gandhi emerged as a leader advocating nonviolence and civil disobedience. His tactics including boycotts and marches put economic pressure on Britain and increased calls for independence, though Britain only granted limited self-rule in 1935. Nationalism also grew in Southwest Asia after World War 1 as the Ottoman Empire collapsed and Western nations tried to dominate the oil-rich region, leading to the formation of the modern republics of Turkey, Iran, and the
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
The document summarizes the political developments in South Asia under British rule from the late Mughal period to the establishment of the Khilafat movement. It describes the weakening of the Mughal empire and establishment of direct British rule after 1857. It then discusses the educational and political reforms initiated by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and religious institutions like Darul Uloom Deoband. It outlines the formation of the Indian National Congress and All India Muslim League in response to the changing political situation. Finally, it provides details about the Khilafat movement launched in 1919 to protect the Ottoman Caliphate.
This document discusses the educational and political developments in South Asia under British rule that impacted Muslims. It outlines Sir Syed Ahmed Khan's educational reforms establishing schools and colleges to provide modern education to Muslims. It also discusses the establishment of the Muslim League in 1906 as a key political organization to represent Muslim interests, and the Lucknow Pact of 1916 where the League and Congress agreed to constitutional reforms including separate electorates for Muslims. Overall the document examines the efforts of Muslim leaders and organizations in response to British policies to protect Muslim political and educational rights.
The Pakistan Movement was a historical movement led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah that advocated for a separate Muslim state (Pakistan) from the predominantly Hindu India. Key events and figures that advanced this movement included the teachings of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Allama Iqbal who promoted Muslim identity and the Two Nation Theory. Jinnah and the All India Muslim League played a central role in the Pakistan Resolution of 1940 and negotiations with the British, which ultimately led to the independence of Pakistan in 1947 and the partition of India.
The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism in the years following World War I. Its purpose was to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war.
Ghadar Movement ,Rowlatt Act and Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.pptxAbozarYousafzai
The document summarizes the Ghadar movement, Rowlatt Act, and Jallianwala Bagh massacre. It provides background on the Ghadar party formed in 1913 in the US to organize Indian students and spread nationalist ideas. It discusses the party's activities in smuggling arms and inciting mutiny. The Rowlatt Act of 1919 gave the British sweeping powers to crack down on political dissent. This led to protests in Amritsar where troops fired on a peaceful crowd in Jallianwala Bagh, killing hundreds in the massacre. The event galvanized Indian nationalism and the independence movement.
Khilafat Movement by SajidaLodhi.PPTpptxlodhisaajjda
On July 5, 1919, the All India Khilafat Committee was established
in Bombay to organize public opinion on the issue of Khilafat and
to prepare an agreed plan of action
This document summarizes key events in Hindu-Muslim relations in India from the 19th century to the 1940s:
1) It discusses the Urdu-Hindi controversy of 1867 that heightened linguistic tensions between Hindus and Muslims. Leaders like Sir Syed Ahmed Khan advocated for Urdu, while Hindus demanded Hindi be recognized.
2) It also summarizes the Partition of Bengal in 1905 by the British to curb nationalism, which polarized Hindus and Muslims with opposing reactions, leading to its annulment in 1911.
3) The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw a brief period of Hindu-Muslim unity against the British during World War 1 and the Khilafat Movement, though this broke down after
This document summarizes some key events in Indian history between the 19th and early 20th centuries:
1) It discusses the Urdu-Hindi controversy that occurred between 1867-1947, which deepened Muslim separatism according to some historians. This linguistic conflict contributed to growing divisions in India.
2) The partition of Bengal in 1905 aimed to curb the growing nationalist movement, but backfired and increased tensions, ultimately being revoked in 1911.
3) The Lucknow Pact of 1916 saw temporary Hindu-Muslim unity and cooperation, including Muslim support for the Khilafat Movement launched in 1919 to defend the Ottoman Caliph.
4) The Khilafat Movement employed non-
Nationalist movements arose across Asia and Africa in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in response to Western imperialism. Leaders like Gandhi in India and Mao in China drew on different political philosophies to organize resistance through nonviolent civil disobedience campaigns. The movements sought independence and self-rule for their nations. Factors like the Cold War and tensions between religious groups influenced some nationalist movements and led to outcomes like the partition of India and establishment of an independent People's Republic of China.
The document summarizes the roles of several important personalities in the Pakistan Movement, including:
1. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, who founded the Aligarh Movement and proposed the Two Nation Theory, arguing Hindus and Muslims were two distinct nations.
2. Allama Iqbal, who advocated for a separate Muslim state and first proposed the idea of Pakistan in his 1930 Allahabad Address.
3. Muhammad Ali Jinnah, who led the Pakistan Movement and served as Pakistan's first Governor-General, successfully negotiating for the establishment of Pakistan in 1947.
4. Liaquat Ali Khan, who served as the first Prime Minister of Pakistan and Deputy Leader of the Muslim League, playing a key
The document discusses the partition of Bengal in 1947. It provides background on:
1) Bengal was previously divided in 1905 for administrative reasons, then reunited in 1911.
2) In 1947, at the end of British rule and creation of India and Pakistan, Bengal was partitioned along religious lines. The western part joined India and the eastern part joined Pakistan.
3) Over 18 million people migrated as a result, with at least 1 million dying in communal violence during the migration process. The partition displaced many and separated communities that had lived as neighbors for generations.
The Khilafat movement was launched in British India in 1919 to preserve the Ottoman Caliphate and Muslim control over holy sites after World War I. Hindus and Muslims collaborated in mass demonstrations and boycotts to pressure the British. The movement's goals were to keep the Ottoman Khilafat intact, preserve its territories, and ensure non-Muslim control over holy places. Though popular and involving leaders like Gandhi, the movement declined after violence in 1921-1922 and the abolition of the Caliphate in 1923, exposing divisions between Hindus and Muslims.
The Khilafat Movement was a political protest launched in 1919-1922 by Indian Muslims to influence the British government and its treatment of the Ottoman Empire after World War I. The movement aimed to (a) protect holy places in Turkey, (b) restore Turkish territories, and (c) maintain the Ottoman Caliphate. It led to the non-cooperation movement in cooperation with the Indian National Congress. However, the movement ultimately failed after thousands were imprisoned and the caliphate was abolished in Turkey in 1924.
MAJOR POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS 1857-1947.pptxsyedmirsyed
The document summarizes major political developments in Pakistan from 1857 to 1947, including:
1) The decline of Muslim rule in India after the 1857 uprising, and efforts by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and others to revive Muslim political and cultural identity.
2) The formation of the Muslim League in 1906 to represent Muslim political interests, and changes to its goals in 1913 emphasizing self-government.
3) Key events and agreements between 1905-1916 impacting Hindu-Muslim relations like the Partition of Bengal, Simla Deputation, Lucknow Pact.
4) Important conferences and commissions between 1920-1935 regarding constitutional reforms, including the Roundtable Conferences and Jinnah's Fourteen Points.
ideology and constitution of Pakistan .pdfsaeedqadeer34
The document discusses the 1857 revolt against British rule in India and its causes and impacts. It notes that the revolt was sparked by the introduction of new firearms that Hindus and Muslims found religiously objectionable, as well as political, economic, social, and military discrimination by the British. While the revolt shook British control, it ultimately failed due to a lack of clear leadership and plans. The document also examines Sir Syed Ahmed Khan's contributions to educational and political reforms for Muslims after the revolt.
Indian nationalism grew in the early 20th century led by the Indian National Congress and Muslim League. The Amritsar Massacre in 1919, where British troops fired on unarmed Indian protesters without warning killing hundreds, radicalized many Indians and turned them towards nationalism. Mohandas Gandhi emerged as a leader advocating nonviolence and civil disobedience. His tactics including boycotts and marches put economic pressure on Britain and increased calls for independence, though Britain only granted limited self-rule in 1935. Nationalism also grew in Southwest Asia after World War 1 as the Ottoman Empire collapsed and Western nations tried to dominate the oil-rich region, leading to the formation of the modern republics of Turkey, Iran, and the
Similar to KM PoB and S Commission 4th Lec.pdf (20)
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
4. INTRODUCTION
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
An effort to ??
Role of Khilafat in Islamic society??
Khalifa ?? Last C ??
World War-I ??
Pan-Islamic movement & sick man of Europe ??
The caliphate was endangered first ??
The empire’s defeat in World War I (1914–18) and
Istanbul Accord ??Peace armistice ??
Fears of the loss of the caliphate were intensified
by the Treaty of Sèvres (August ??)
5. TREATY OF SÈVRES (AUGUST 1920)
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
Purpose??
Signed?? at Sèvres ??, between ??
Result ??
Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Palestine
(including Trans - Jordan)??
Syria (including Lebanon) ??
The Kingdom of Hejaz ??
Armenia ??
Turkey retained Anatolia ??
Smyrna (modern Izmir) and its environs ?? Condition ??
Eastern Thrace and certain Aegean islands??
Dodecanese and Rhodes ??
The treaty was accepted by the government of Sultan Mehmed ??
Vahdettin ?? at Istanbul but was rejected by the rival nationalist
government of ?? at Ankara.
Atatürk's separate treaty with the ?? and his subsequent victories
against the ?? during the War of Independence forced the Allies to
negotiate a new treaty in ??, in Lausanne - ??.
6. REACTIONS OF INDIANS
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
April-May ?? Khilafat Conference organized, why??
At conference (KC), in Sep 1919, at ??, resulted in
Khilafat Committee:1st president: ??&1st
secretary General of K.M??
All India Khilafat conference ?? presided by??
Where ?? Resolutions??
19th January, 1920: the deputation headed by ??
met viceroy??
Viceroy’s assurance??
7. K. DELEGATION TO ENGLAND
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
In December 1919 both the Khilafat Committee and
Congress held their meetings simultaneously at ?? and a
delegation was prepared which was sent to England under
the leadership of ?? to see the British Prime Minister,
Cabinet Member and Members of Parliament and to
explain the Indian point of view regarding the Khilafat.
The delegation visited England in ??. The leaders of the
delegation addressed the ?? and saw the British Prime
Minister, ?? who paid no heed to the delegations demand.
The delegation stayed at London for ?? months and won
many hearts and sympathies of people in Britain delivering
speeches.
However, the delegation returned to India unsuccessful in
October ?? .
8. NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
The leaders of Khilafat Movement (Khilafat
Conference) passed a resolution in favor of Non
Co-operation in Feb. ??, at ??, Under leadership of
??
Congress extended support ??
The leaders of the two met at ?? and resolved to
launch a country wide agitation under the
leadership of Mr. ?? in September 1920.
Purpose
Against the ??
Ruling style ??
9. TARK-E-MAWALAT
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
?? issued a Fatwa of ??
On 6th ??, 1920. Agenda ??
In January 1921, nearly ?? thousands students of
various colleges and schools boycotted their classes and a number of
teachers most of them were Muslims tendered their resignation.
The Movement became so powerful that the Government was obliged to
pay attention to the problem. The British Government invited ??, the
President of ?? to visit London to discuss the issue. A delegation under has
leadership visited London and discussed the sentiment of Muslims but the
delegation also returned unsuccessfully.
Impacts on Muslims??
10. DAR-UL-HARB
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
??and ?? issued a
fatwa for migration from India stating India
as “??”
Under the hypnotism of Mr. Gandhi, Muslim ulama had
issued a verdict and declared India as ?? and the Muslims
therefore needed to migrate to some other country or ??.
Thousands of families sold out their properties for a ?? of
their value and hastily left for ??, in August 1920.
In beginning, Afghan government welcomed Muhajirs but
later it closed down it frontiers due to its own miserable
condition
Impacts??
11. CALLED OFF A CAMPAIGN OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
On February 4, ??, supporters of the Khilafat movement and
the Indian National Congress clashed with local ??. An angry
mob subsequently set the local ?? on fire, killing ?? Indian
policemen who had taken shelter inside. The incident dealt a
blow to the nonviolent non-cooperation movement led by ??,
who denounced the violence in ?? and called off a campaign
of civil disobedience that he had been about to launch in
Bardoli, Gujarat state.
Gandhi initiatives/reactions ??
12. KARACHI TRIAL
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
1921, a resolution passed in Khilafat committee in ??
condemning ??services;
Government arrested Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar and six
other people;
Ali brothers, Maulana Hussain Ahmad Madni, Dr. Saifuddin
Kitchlew, Pir Ghulam Mujadid, Maulana Nisar Ahmad and
Swami Shankar Acharya were trialed;
Trial proceedings held in Khaliq Dina Hall, Karachi on 26tth
December, ??;
They presented case strongly but were sentenced for ??
years.
13. MOPPILLA REVOLT 1921
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
A peasant revolt??
Hindu-Muslim unity was at its peak in
Malabar district in ??which came to be
known as ?? revolt??
communal feelings??
According to an estimate as many as 2339 Moppillas were
??, 1652 ?? and 5955 ?? during the riot
The prominent leaders of the rebellion were Ali Musaliyar
and ??.
14. TREATY OF LAUSANNE (JULY 1923)
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
This treaty was signed on 24th of July ??.
The signatories of the Treaty of Sevres ??.
Turkey recovered Eastern Thrace, several Aegean islands,
a strip along the Syrian border, the Smyrna district, and the
internationalized Zone of the Straits (Bosphorus and
Dardanelles), which, however, was to remain demilitarized
and remain subject to an international convention.
Turkey recovered full sovereign rights over all its territory,
and foreign zones of influence and capitulations were
abolished.
Outside the Zone of the Straits, no limitation was imposed
on the Turkish military establishment.
15. THE END OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
The end of movement was brought about indirectly by ??’s
announcement to discontinue the non-cooperation
movement.
The Ottoman position of Caliphate was formally abolished
on ?? March ??
The GNAT?? elected ?? as their leader who abolished
Caliphate
1924, ?? announced setting up of a democratic government
in Turkey demolishing Caliphate.
16. Reasons for the Failure of Khilafat
Movement??
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
18. ANALYSIS
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
AIML to stay way
Unity of purpose
Religious consciousness – Religious identity
Religion became instrumental for future politics
Political strategy of Indian Muslims for future
New type leadership for Muslims
Popular politics - Involvement of masses in politics
Plight of migrants
Results of the Khilafat Movement
Maulana Mohd Ali Jauhar (?? and ?? spread message –
Muslim press - connected to Pakistan Movement)
Al Hilal and ??were published by Maulana ??
20. INTRODUCTION
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
Decision of Div. was made by Lord ?? in July ??
Enforced on ??Oc. 1905 under Viceroy ??
Purpose: efficiency
St John B??
Parts: ??
Hindu’s claim of D&R policy
Bengal was reunited in 19??
21. REASONS/BACKGROUNDS
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
i. Administrative reasons
– like country??, total pop. ?? mn,
–?? largest province of India
(present-day West Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Bangladesh and Assam)
ii. Religious reasons – E pop mn?? and W pop??
iii. Geographical reasons??
iv. Political reasons?? – growing nationalism e.g. BG Tillak
v. Social reasons ??
vi. Linguistic reasons ??
vii. Legal issues e.g. riots
viii. Governance reasons e.g. Capital
ix. Economic reasons e.g. Jute/Port
x. Cultural reasons?? e.g. 42mn +12 mn, 12 mn +18 mn
22. ANALYSIS
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
i. The British response??Initial??. Change??
ii. Hindus’ response
a. Hindus’ anti British campaigns??
b. Terrorist activities??
c. Swadeshi movement ??
d. Congress’ delegation to London ??Under leadership of ??
e. Civil disobedience movement ??
f. Psychological factor ??
g. Pol. Factor e.g. day of mourning??
h. Congress also opposed led by Sir Henry Cotton
iii. Law and order situation e.g. HM riots
iv. Muslims’ response ??
23. ANNULMENT / REVERVAL OF PoB/CONCLUSION
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
i. Change in the government ?? Lord H??,
& Lord C??
ii. J. Jenkins?? floated proposal in June ??
iii. King George??visited India along with Queen ??
in ??1911, ??holding of Darbar at ??on ??Announcements ??
iv.?? left the politics??
v. In ??,Hindu Maha Sabha was founded by Madan??
vi. ?? announced the Home Rule Movement??
25. INTRODUCTION
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
India Act 1919
In the late 1920s
May 1924 MLs mer under the leadership of ?? Delhi Proposals ??
Stanley Baldwin ??
Aims of Commission??
Composition ??
Peculiarity ??
Headed by ??SJS
Clement Atlee??
All-India Committee --- Lord Irwin
Rebellion
Congress Response December 1927 - Madras (now Chennai) -
Lord B??
Muslim League??
The Simon Commission visited India twice
1st time arrived in ?? on the 3rd of February ?? and was greeted??
Left India??
2nd time arrived October 11, ??, to April ??, 1929
26. JINNAH VIEWS
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
Jinnah reservations for not allowing Indians in SC??
?? passed a resolution in the Legislative Assembly on the
16th of February 1928, which was strongly supported by
Jinnah.
Jinnah strongly criticized the commission calling it a ?? of
our souls.
As president of the Muslim League he said:
‘A constitutional war has been declared on Great Britain. Negotiations for a
settlement are not to come from our side. We are denied equal partnership.
We will resist the new doctrine to the best of our powers. I welcome Pandit
Malaviya, and I welcome the hand of fellowship extended to us by Hindu
leaders from the platform of the Congress and the Hindu Mahasabha. This
offer is more valuable than any concession which the British Government
can make’.
27. ANALYSIS
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
LLR was a ?? by profession, led a non-violent protest against the Simon
Commission when it visited Lahore on 30 October ??, witnessed a brutal
attack and ??.
In 1928, ??Singh??, Raj?? and Sukh?? planned to kill the police chief
responsible for the death of Rai, one of the founders of National College,
during a silent march opposing the Simon Commission. However, they
failed to identify their target and junior officer J.P. Saunders was killed.
They had to flee Lahore to escape the death penalty, sentenced to ??.
On 8 April 1929, BS?? and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb in the Central
Legislative Assembly to protest the implementation of ??. They raised
slogans of 'Long Live the Revolution.‘ (??)
HSRA was a revolutionary party set up by Ram Prasad Bismil and his
associates in 1923 to ?? in India and achieve independence for the country
through ?? if necessary. --In 1928, the name of the party was changed to
HRSA ??-- Kakori Conspiracy Case
In March 1929, ?? labour leaders including ?? Englishmen were arrested on
the charge of conspiracy. The trial which lasted ?? years is known as the
Meerut Conspiracy Case ??
28. FEATURES
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
Federation
Flexibility
Dyarchy at centre??
Dyarchy at provincial level??
Special powers to the Governor??
The govt. of India’s control over high court??
The governor general’s authority to appoint members of his
cabinet??
The number of member of provincial legislative council was
increased??
Separate communal electorates??
The Council of State would continue working as the ??, but its
members would not be elected based on ??, rather they would be
elected based on ?? election by the provincial councils.
?? should be segregated from British India and issued with a
constitution all of its own.
The Commission published its ??-volume report in ??
29. CONCLUSION
ZAHOOR ELAHI (CSP)
NOA
NOA
It proposed the abolition of the diarchy and the
establishment of authoritarian governments in the
provinces.
Government of India Act ??
?? the first elections
The arrival of the Commission has provided an impetus
to the Indian Freedom Struggle for Independence by
inspiring leaders and masses
Limitations??