Acute effects of the power snatch on vertical jump performance [Autosaved]Nicholas Diaz
This document summarizes a thesis that examined the acute effects of performing the power snatch exercise at increasing intensities on vertical jump performance. 10 participants performed a power snatch protocol starting at 20% of their 1RM and increasing to 40%, 60%, and 80% between vertical jump tests, with a control group performing only vertical jumps. No significant differences were found between groups, though a power analysis determined a larger sample size may be needed. The study was limited by the technical difficulty of the power snatch and varying experience levels of participants. Further research with more participants is warranted to better understand the power snatch's impact on vertical jump performance.
The document summarizes a study that investigated whether various fitness tests could predict 2000m rowing performance in tertiary students. 81 exercise science students completed tests including VO2 max testing, Wingate cycling tests, strength testing, vertical jumps, and sprint times. They then performed two 2000m rowing time trials. Results showed height, weight, VO2 max, and power output strongly correlated with rowing performance. Stepwise regression predicted rowing times within 4.84%. The study supports using non-rowing tests to predict rowing performance in inexperienced populations.
Transfer of strength and power training to sports performance Fernando Farias
The purposes of this review are to identify the factors that contribute to the
transference of strength and power training to sports performance and to pro-
vide resistance-training guidelines. Using sprinting performance as an example,
exercises involving bilateral contractions of the leg muscles resulting in vertical
movement, such as squats and jump squats, have minimal transfer to performance.
However, plyometric training, including unilateral exercises and horizontal
movement of the whole body, elicits signifi cant increases in sprint acceleration
performance, thus highlighting the importance of movement pattern and contrac-
tion velocity specifi city. Relatively large gains in power output in nonspecifi c
movements (intramuscular coordination) can be accompanied by small changes in
sprint performance. Research on neural adaptations to resistance training indicates
that intermuscular coordination is an important component in achieving transfer to
sports skills. Although the specifi city of resistance training is important, general
strength training is potentially useful for the purposes of increasing body mass,
decreasing the risk of soft-tissue injuries, and developing core stability. Hyper-
trophy and general power exercises can enhance sports performance, but optimal
transfer from training also requires a specifi c exercise program.
This document presents an analysis of different training plans for collegiate distance runners to optimize performance. It reviews literature on physiological determinants of running performance, including maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), running economy, and lactate threshold. Studies show high-intensity interval training is most effective for improving VO2 max, while both high-intensity and high-volume plans can improve running economy. The document concludes that an optimal plan would emphasize high-intensity workouts to enhance VO2 max and include strength training and long runs to aid running economy and lactate threshold.
Match analysis studies
have also demonstrated that football requires
participants to repeatedly produce maximal or
nearmaximal actions of short durationwith brief
recovery periods [40,45]. For these reasons, foot-
ball training should commonly include physical
exercises aimed to enhance both aerobic fitness
and repeated-sprint ability (RSA).
TABATA: Articulo original del cual se ha basado el metodo Tabata actualMeso Ciclo
Estudio original del metodo tabata: Efectos de la resistencia de intensidad moderada y del interval training de alta intensidad respecto a la capacidad anaerobica y al VO2 MaX
Familiarization, reliability, and evaluation of a multiple sprint running tes...Pablo Vicencio Ardiles
This study investigated the use of self-selected recovery periods in a multiple sprint test to reliably quantify an individual's ability to resist fatigue. Twenty active students completed 4 trials of 12 x 30m sprints with self-selected recovery between sprints. The results showed learning effects in the first 2 trials as evidenced by more subjects failing to maintain sprint performance. Reliability was good between trials 3 and 4, with a coefficient of variation of 11.1% and intraclass correlation of 0.76. Perceived exertion increased progressively throughout trials despite no change in sprint times. Aerobic fitness showed little correlation with mean recovery time.
This study evaluated a new method of monitoring exercise training called the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method. The session RPE method uses a participant's perceived exertion after a training session as a marker of training intensity. The study compared the session RPE method to an objective heart rate (HR) monitoring method during steady state and interval cycling, as well as basketball practice. It found a consistent relationship between the two monitoring methods, though the session RPE scores were generally higher. Even with different subjects, the relationships between the methods were similar. The study concluded the session RPE method is a valid way to quantify training during various types of exercise when objective monitoring is not possible.
Acute effects of the power snatch on vertical jump performance [Autosaved]Nicholas Diaz
This document summarizes a thesis that examined the acute effects of performing the power snatch exercise at increasing intensities on vertical jump performance. 10 participants performed a power snatch protocol starting at 20% of their 1RM and increasing to 40%, 60%, and 80% between vertical jump tests, with a control group performing only vertical jumps. No significant differences were found between groups, though a power analysis determined a larger sample size may be needed. The study was limited by the technical difficulty of the power snatch and varying experience levels of participants. Further research with more participants is warranted to better understand the power snatch's impact on vertical jump performance.
The document summarizes a study that investigated whether various fitness tests could predict 2000m rowing performance in tertiary students. 81 exercise science students completed tests including VO2 max testing, Wingate cycling tests, strength testing, vertical jumps, and sprint times. They then performed two 2000m rowing time trials. Results showed height, weight, VO2 max, and power output strongly correlated with rowing performance. Stepwise regression predicted rowing times within 4.84%. The study supports using non-rowing tests to predict rowing performance in inexperienced populations.
Transfer of strength and power training to sports performance Fernando Farias
The purposes of this review are to identify the factors that contribute to the
transference of strength and power training to sports performance and to pro-
vide resistance-training guidelines. Using sprinting performance as an example,
exercises involving bilateral contractions of the leg muscles resulting in vertical
movement, such as squats and jump squats, have minimal transfer to performance.
However, plyometric training, including unilateral exercises and horizontal
movement of the whole body, elicits signifi cant increases in sprint acceleration
performance, thus highlighting the importance of movement pattern and contrac-
tion velocity specifi city. Relatively large gains in power output in nonspecifi c
movements (intramuscular coordination) can be accompanied by small changes in
sprint performance. Research on neural adaptations to resistance training indicates
that intermuscular coordination is an important component in achieving transfer to
sports skills. Although the specifi city of resistance training is important, general
strength training is potentially useful for the purposes of increasing body mass,
decreasing the risk of soft-tissue injuries, and developing core stability. Hyper-
trophy and general power exercises can enhance sports performance, but optimal
transfer from training also requires a specifi c exercise program.
This document presents an analysis of different training plans for collegiate distance runners to optimize performance. It reviews literature on physiological determinants of running performance, including maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max), running economy, and lactate threshold. Studies show high-intensity interval training is most effective for improving VO2 max, while both high-intensity and high-volume plans can improve running economy. The document concludes that an optimal plan would emphasize high-intensity workouts to enhance VO2 max and include strength training and long runs to aid running economy and lactate threshold.
Match analysis studies
have also demonstrated that football requires
participants to repeatedly produce maximal or
nearmaximal actions of short durationwith brief
recovery periods [40,45]. For these reasons, foot-
ball training should commonly include physical
exercises aimed to enhance both aerobic fitness
and repeated-sprint ability (RSA).
TABATA: Articulo original del cual se ha basado el metodo Tabata actualMeso Ciclo
Estudio original del metodo tabata: Efectos de la resistencia de intensidad moderada y del interval training de alta intensidad respecto a la capacidad anaerobica y al VO2 MaX
Familiarization, reliability, and evaluation of a multiple sprint running tes...Pablo Vicencio Ardiles
This study investigated the use of self-selected recovery periods in a multiple sprint test to reliably quantify an individual's ability to resist fatigue. Twenty active students completed 4 trials of 12 x 30m sprints with self-selected recovery between sprints. The results showed learning effects in the first 2 trials as evidenced by more subjects failing to maintain sprint performance. Reliability was good between trials 3 and 4, with a coefficient of variation of 11.1% and intraclass correlation of 0.76. Perceived exertion increased progressively throughout trials despite no change in sprint times. Aerobic fitness showed little correlation with mean recovery time.
This study evaluated a new method of monitoring exercise training called the session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) method. The session RPE method uses a participant's perceived exertion after a training session as a marker of training intensity. The study compared the session RPE method to an objective heart rate (HR) monitoring method during steady state and interval cycling, as well as basketball practice. It found a consistent relationship between the two monitoring methods, though the session RPE scores were generally higher. Even with different subjects, the relationships between the methods were similar. The study concluded the session RPE method is a valid way to quantify training during various types of exercise when objective monitoring is not possible.
The document is an assignment cover sheet for a student named Andrews Scott submitting a power point presentation on physiological testing of human performance. It provides the student ID, name of lecturer, due date of October 11th 2014, and certifies that the work is the student's own. It also contains information on procedures for late assignments and penalties for academic misconduct.
This study examined the effects of a 6-week isokinetic resistance training program on quadriceps and hamstrings peak torque and standing long jump performance in 12 untrained men. The training consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 100°/s, 3 days per week for 6 weeks. After training, quadriceps peak torque increased by an average of 10.5% but there was no significant change in hamstrings peak torque or standing long jump performance. The major finding was that gains in isokinetic strength did not translate to improvements in functional performance, likely due to the training lacking eccentric loading which is an important component of the standing long jump.
THE STEADY-STATE MODEL OF
BIOENERGETICS FAILS TO ACCU-
RATELY DESCRIBE THE METABO-
LISM FOR HIGH-INTENSITY POWER.
THIS ARTICLE REEXAMINES THE
ROLE OF PHOSPHOCREATINE,
LACTATE PRODUCTION, AND THE
IMPORTANCE OF AEROBIC METAB-
OLISM DURING SHORT-TERM HIGH-
INTENSITY POWER PERFORMANCE.
METABOLIC AND MECHANICAL
TESTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY POWER
HAVE EVOLVED IN THE PAST 40
YEARS. THE AUTHORS COMPARED
THE MAXIMAL ACCUMULATED
OXYGEN-DEFICIT MODEL VERSUS
THE CRITICAL POWER MODEL AND
SUMMARIZED THE RECENTLY
DEVELOPED 3-MINUTE ALL-OUT
EXERCISE TEST (3 MT). THE 3 MT
OFFERS THE STRENGTH AND
CONDITIONING PROFESSIONAL A
SIMPLE METHOD OF ESTIMATING
AN ATHLETE’S TOLERANCE TO
HIGH-INTENSITY POWER EXERCISE.
This study tested whether applying a scientifically based nutritional strategy rather than a freely chosen strategy could improve marathon performance in non-elite runners. Runners were divided into two groups - one that chose their own nutrition and one following a targeted intake of fluids, carbohydrates, sodium, and caffeine. Those following the scientific strategy completed the marathon on average 10 minutes and 55 seconds faster, representing a 4.7% improvement. Both groups experienced low levels of gastrointestinal symptoms, with no significant differences between groups. The results suggest that a scientific nutritional approach can enhance marathon performance for recreational runners compared to allowing them to choose their own intake.
EFFECTS OF STRENGTH TRAINING ON SQUAT AND SPRINT PERFORMANCE IN SOCCER PLAYERSFernando Farias
We have demonstrated that a simple in-season strength training program resulted in an improvement in maximal back squat performance, which was reflected in improve- ments in short sprint performance, as identified by a decrease in sprint time over 5, 10, and 20 m, in professional soccer players, in line with the hypotheses. Furthermore, the changes in relative 1RM squat strength demonstrate strong associations with the changes in 5 (r = 0.62), 10 (r = 0.78), and 20-m (r = 0.60) sprint performances.
This study examined the effects of caffeine supplementation on metabolic indices in female softball players. Eight female softball players completed a VO2max test on a treadmill after consuming either caffeine (6mg/kg) or a placebo. Results showed that caffeine significantly increased VO2max levels but did not significantly affect ventilatory threshold or time to exhaustion. This suggests that caffeine improves aerobic capacity but does not impact other metabolic thresholds during continuous exercise.
A Comparative Study of VO2 Max in Young Female Athletes and Non-AthletesIOSR Journals
Abstract:
Aims And Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare maximum oxygen uptake(VO2
max ) between young female athletes and non-athletes and to show the importance of sports for physical
fitness.
Material & Methods: The present study was carried out in 50 females between the age group of 18-22 yrs.
They were divided into to groups, study group (25 athletes) and control group. (25 non-athletes) The maximum
oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was compared between cases and controls by using Queen’ college step test.(
Harward step test) .
Results: The VO2 max was higher in female athletes than non-athletes.
Conclusion: The present study showed VO2 max levels more in female athletes. Now a days, physical inactivity
is seen among students due to sedentary lifestyle which may lead to many health problems. Hence, we suggest
that students should get involved in sports and it should make a compulsory subject in colleges.
Key words:- VO2 Max; athlete & non athlete ;Young females
The Discrepancy in Estimated VO2MAX Concerning Diverse PracticesCarl Page
This document summarizes a study that estimated VO2max (maximal oxygen consumption) levels in participants using various exercise tests. It found that estimates of VO2max can vary depending on the test used, and are also affected by individual factors like genetics, body composition, and training status. The study measured heart rate responses and oxygen consumption during tests like treadmill running, step tests, and 12-minute runs to estimate VO2max in participants and compare the results across tests. It concluded that more accurate VO2max measurements can be obtained in a laboratory setting using expired gas analysis compared to field tests.
This study examined the effects of a 6-week plyometric training program on agility among athletes. 28 subjects were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group or a control group. The training group performed plyometric exercises 2 times per week for 6 weeks, while the control group did not train. Both groups were tested on the T-test and Illinois Agility Test before and after the training. The results showed that the training group significantly improved their times on both agility tests after training, while the control group did not improve. This suggests that 6 weeks of plyometric training can effectively improve an athlete's agility.
Biomechanical Analysis of The Complete Core ConditionerBrandon Hossack
This study analyzed the Complete Core Conditioner machine to see if it provided an increase in core exercise intensity over traditional floor exercises. 9 subjects performed 3 core exercises (prone leg raise, supine crunch, supine leg crunch) on both the machine and floor while motion capture recorded range of motion and velocity. The results showed that the machine provided a statistically significant increase in range of motion but no change in velocity compared to floor exercises. Therefore, the machine effectively increased exercise intensity through a higher range of motion. However, more research is needed to validate long term benefits.
The document summarizes a study that compared the effects of traditional resistance training versus instability resistance training on strength, power, and velocity in untrained men over seven weeks. The study found that while both training programs improved the men's performance, there was no significant difference between the results of the two groups. The document concludes that for healthy, active individuals, either traditional weight training or instability training can effectively increase strength, and a combination of the two may be most beneficial for athletes.
Effects of a six week hip thrust versus front squatFernando Farias
Hip thrust training resulted in greater improvements in the isometric mid-thigh pull peak
force compared to squat training, even though the pull involved a vertical force vector. It is
proposed that this is due to the hip extension moment-angle curves of the squat versus that of the
hip thrust, in that the hip thrust likely has a greater hip extension moment requisite at the angle at
which the isometric mid-thigh pull is performed, but these joint-specific kinetic hypotheses
require further investigation.
This doctoral thesis examines the effects of an experimental kettlebell training program on body composition, physiological characteristics, and motor skills in women. The study involved 40 women aged 27-32 who were randomly assigned to either an experimental group that underwent an 8-week kettlebell training program or a control group. Measurements of body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, and motor skills were taken before and after the training period. Statistical analysis found that the experimental training program significantly improved most measured characteristics, including body weight, body fat, hip circumference, maximal oxygen uptake, muscle strength, endurance, agility, and reaction time. In contrast, the control group showed no significant changes. Therefore, the experimental
Abstract
Background and purpose: Diet and muscle fiber type are all major factors in predicting intramuscular carnosine concentration [1]. Constituent substrate availability, including the amino acids L-histidine and more specifically beta alanine, play the greatest role in determining the concentration of intramuscular carnosine, a potent intracellular Hydrogen ion buffer. The purpose of this review is to analyze the efficacy of beta alanine supplementation on exercise performance, specifically activities relying on anaerobic glycolysis.
Method: The review included articles from peer-reviewed journals with sufficient data related to the purpose and focus of the study. Inclusion criteria included randomized control trials, systematic reviews and meta-analysis published since 2007.
Results: Twenty relevant studies were identified; various experimental protocols were employed, including both acute and chronic effects of beta alanine supplementation on physical performance. All studies were published 2007 through 2017, providing a robust overview of experimentation over the last 10 years.
Discussion and conclusion: Among studies analyzed in this mini-review, the consensus reached regarding the efficacy of beta alanine supplementation for performance enhancement was relatively positive. Most studies followed similar supplementary strategies, consuming anywhere from 1.6 to 6.4g/day for 2 to 10 weeks. The majority of these studies demonstrated statistically significant increases in intramuscular carnosine content, a physiological parameter that is positively correlated with sprinting and power performance. Many studies presented results in support of enhanced muscular endurance performance subsequent to supplementation relative to the placebo group. Researchers also noted a decline in peak aerobic capacity concurrent to a delay in the onset of blood lactate accumulation, supporting the notion of enhanced glycolytic capacity. More research is necessary to identify optimal dosing strategies for performance optimization across the spectrum of physical activities.
Cold water immersion versus whole body cryotherapyFernando Farias
Cold-water immersion was more effective in
accelerating recovery kinetics than whole-body cryotherapy for countermovement jump
performance at 72h post-exercise. Cold-water immersion also demonstrated lower soreness
and higher perceived recovery levels across 24-48h post-exercise.
This document discusses periodized training models for elite kayakers. It outlines the objectives of reviewing sport kayaking, evaluating training models, and identifying stages of a periodized model. Traditional periodized training has limitations like excessive fatigue and inability to multi-peak. Current literature shows blocked periodization improves performance and allows for multi-peak training while minimizing fatigue and improving strength, endurance, and adaptation to training.
Effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism-...Sports Journal
This literature review examines the effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism. Seven studies that utilized aerobic exercises like treadmill training and body weight supported treadmill training with subjects with Parkinson's disease were reviewed. The results across the studies found that aerobic exercise improved walking parameters like speed, stride length, home ambulation, and reduced movement initiation time. The literature review concluded that aerobic exercises can improve walking capacity in patients with parkinsonism.
This study analyzed muscle activation in the legs during different variations of the leg press exercise performed at submaximum effort levels. Fourteen women performed three types of leg presses - 45° leg press, high leg press, and low leg press - at 40% and 80% of their maximum weight capacity. Electromyography was used to measure activation of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximus muscles. The results showed that mechanical changes from the different exercises affected muscle activation levels in a load-dependent manner. At moderate effort levels, the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles showed greater activation during the 45° leg press and low
Melhorar ou até mesmo manter o desempenho atlético em jogadores de esportes de equipe competitivos durante o longo período da temporada é um dos maiores desafios para qualquer treinador comprometido. Tempo muito limitado está disponível entre as partidas semanais para introduzir sessões intensivas de treinamento de força e poder, com uma freqüência normal de 1-2 unidades por semana. Este fato estimula a busca de métodos de treinamento mais eficientes capazes de melhorar uma ampla variedade de habilidades funcionais, evitando ao mesmo tempo os efeitos de fadiga.
This study compared the effects of two different 6-week training protocols on anaerobic capacity and VO2max in young men. Moderate-intensity endurance training improved VO2max but did not change anaerobic capacity. High-intensity interval training improved both VO2max and anaerobic capacity, increasing VO2max by 7 ml/kg/min and anaerobic capacity by 28%. The findings suggest training must stress lactate production and recruit anaerobic energy systems maximally to improve anaerobic capacity.
The Cooper 12-minute run test was developed by Dr. Kenneth Cooper in 1968 to easily measure aerobic fitness through estimating VO2 max. The test involves running as far as possible in 12 minutes, with walking allowed. The total distance run can then be used to estimate VO2 max via established equations. The Cooper test remains a basic fitness assessment tool that provides valid and reliable measurements of cardiovascular endurance when properly administered and scored. It allows for evaluating fitness over time or comparing results across multiple clients.
20190410 Aquatic exercises improves BMD in postmenopausal womenJulie Tzeng
1) The study assessed the effects of a high-intensity jump-based aquatic exercise program on bone mineral density (BMD) and functional fitness in postmenopausal women. 2) The training group participated in 30-minute aquatic exercise sessions involving high-intensity jumping thrice weekly for 24 weeks, while the control group did not exercise. 3) The training group demonstrated significant increases in BMD at the total femur, lumbar spine, and whole body compared to the control group, as well as improvements in chair stand and time up-and-go test performance.
The document is an assignment cover sheet for a student named Andrews Scott submitting a power point presentation on physiological testing of human performance. It provides the student ID, name of lecturer, due date of October 11th 2014, and certifies that the work is the student's own. It also contains information on procedures for late assignments and penalties for academic misconduct.
This study examined the effects of a 6-week isokinetic resistance training program on quadriceps and hamstrings peak torque and standing long jump performance in 12 untrained men. The training consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 100°/s, 3 days per week for 6 weeks. After training, quadriceps peak torque increased by an average of 10.5% but there was no significant change in hamstrings peak torque or standing long jump performance. The major finding was that gains in isokinetic strength did not translate to improvements in functional performance, likely due to the training lacking eccentric loading which is an important component of the standing long jump.
THE STEADY-STATE MODEL OF
BIOENERGETICS FAILS TO ACCU-
RATELY DESCRIBE THE METABO-
LISM FOR HIGH-INTENSITY POWER.
THIS ARTICLE REEXAMINES THE
ROLE OF PHOSPHOCREATINE,
LACTATE PRODUCTION, AND THE
IMPORTANCE OF AEROBIC METAB-
OLISM DURING SHORT-TERM HIGH-
INTENSITY POWER PERFORMANCE.
METABOLIC AND MECHANICAL
TESTS OF HIGH-INTENSITY POWER
HAVE EVOLVED IN THE PAST 40
YEARS. THE AUTHORS COMPARED
THE MAXIMAL ACCUMULATED
OXYGEN-DEFICIT MODEL VERSUS
THE CRITICAL POWER MODEL AND
SUMMARIZED THE RECENTLY
DEVELOPED 3-MINUTE ALL-OUT
EXERCISE TEST (3 MT). THE 3 MT
OFFERS THE STRENGTH AND
CONDITIONING PROFESSIONAL A
SIMPLE METHOD OF ESTIMATING
AN ATHLETE’S TOLERANCE TO
HIGH-INTENSITY POWER EXERCISE.
This study tested whether applying a scientifically based nutritional strategy rather than a freely chosen strategy could improve marathon performance in non-elite runners. Runners were divided into two groups - one that chose their own nutrition and one following a targeted intake of fluids, carbohydrates, sodium, and caffeine. Those following the scientific strategy completed the marathon on average 10 minutes and 55 seconds faster, representing a 4.7% improvement. Both groups experienced low levels of gastrointestinal symptoms, with no significant differences between groups. The results suggest that a scientific nutritional approach can enhance marathon performance for recreational runners compared to allowing them to choose their own intake.
EFFECTS OF STRENGTH TRAINING ON SQUAT AND SPRINT PERFORMANCE IN SOCCER PLAYERSFernando Farias
We have demonstrated that a simple in-season strength training program resulted in an improvement in maximal back squat performance, which was reflected in improve- ments in short sprint performance, as identified by a decrease in sprint time over 5, 10, and 20 m, in professional soccer players, in line with the hypotheses. Furthermore, the changes in relative 1RM squat strength demonstrate strong associations with the changes in 5 (r = 0.62), 10 (r = 0.78), and 20-m (r = 0.60) sprint performances.
This study examined the effects of caffeine supplementation on metabolic indices in female softball players. Eight female softball players completed a VO2max test on a treadmill after consuming either caffeine (6mg/kg) or a placebo. Results showed that caffeine significantly increased VO2max levels but did not significantly affect ventilatory threshold or time to exhaustion. This suggests that caffeine improves aerobic capacity but does not impact other metabolic thresholds during continuous exercise.
A Comparative Study of VO2 Max in Young Female Athletes and Non-AthletesIOSR Journals
Abstract:
Aims And Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare maximum oxygen uptake(VO2
max ) between young female athletes and non-athletes and to show the importance of sports for physical
fitness.
Material & Methods: The present study was carried out in 50 females between the age group of 18-22 yrs.
They were divided into to groups, study group (25 athletes) and control group. (25 non-athletes) The maximum
oxygen uptake (VO2 max) was compared between cases and controls by using Queen’ college step test.(
Harward step test) .
Results: The VO2 max was higher in female athletes than non-athletes.
Conclusion: The present study showed VO2 max levels more in female athletes. Now a days, physical inactivity
is seen among students due to sedentary lifestyle which may lead to many health problems. Hence, we suggest
that students should get involved in sports and it should make a compulsory subject in colleges.
Key words:- VO2 Max; athlete & non athlete ;Young females
The Discrepancy in Estimated VO2MAX Concerning Diverse PracticesCarl Page
This document summarizes a study that estimated VO2max (maximal oxygen consumption) levels in participants using various exercise tests. It found that estimates of VO2max can vary depending on the test used, and are also affected by individual factors like genetics, body composition, and training status. The study measured heart rate responses and oxygen consumption during tests like treadmill running, step tests, and 12-minute runs to estimate VO2max in participants and compare the results across tests. It concluded that more accurate VO2max measurements can be obtained in a laboratory setting using expired gas analysis compared to field tests.
This study examined the effects of a 6-week plyometric training program on agility among athletes. 28 subjects were randomly assigned to a plyometric training group or a control group. The training group performed plyometric exercises 2 times per week for 6 weeks, while the control group did not train. Both groups were tested on the T-test and Illinois Agility Test before and after the training. The results showed that the training group significantly improved their times on both agility tests after training, while the control group did not improve. This suggests that 6 weeks of plyometric training can effectively improve an athlete's agility.
Biomechanical Analysis of The Complete Core ConditionerBrandon Hossack
This study analyzed the Complete Core Conditioner machine to see if it provided an increase in core exercise intensity over traditional floor exercises. 9 subjects performed 3 core exercises (prone leg raise, supine crunch, supine leg crunch) on both the machine and floor while motion capture recorded range of motion and velocity. The results showed that the machine provided a statistically significant increase in range of motion but no change in velocity compared to floor exercises. Therefore, the machine effectively increased exercise intensity through a higher range of motion. However, more research is needed to validate long term benefits.
The document summarizes a study that compared the effects of traditional resistance training versus instability resistance training on strength, power, and velocity in untrained men over seven weeks. The study found that while both training programs improved the men's performance, there was no significant difference between the results of the two groups. The document concludes that for healthy, active individuals, either traditional weight training or instability training can effectively increase strength, and a combination of the two may be most beneficial for athletes.
Effects of a six week hip thrust versus front squatFernando Farias
Hip thrust training resulted in greater improvements in the isometric mid-thigh pull peak
force compared to squat training, even though the pull involved a vertical force vector. It is
proposed that this is due to the hip extension moment-angle curves of the squat versus that of the
hip thrust, in that the hip thrust likely has a greater hip extension moment requisite at the angle at
which the isometric mid-thigh pull is performed, but these joint-specific kinetic hypotheses
require further investigation.
This doctoral thesis examines the effects of an experimental kettlebell training program on body composition, physiological characteristics, and motor skills in women. The study involved 40 women aged 27-32 who were randomly assigned to either an experimental group that underwent an 8-week kettlebell training program or a control group. Measurements of body composition, cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, and motor skills were taken before and after the training period. Statistical analysis found that the experimental training program significantly improved most measured characteristics, including body weight, body fat, hip circumference, maximal oxygen uptake, muscle strength, endurance, agility, and reaction time. In contrast, the control group showed no significant changes. Therefore, the experimental
Abstract
Background and purpose: Diet and muscle fiber type are all major factors in predicting intramuscular carnosine concentration [1]. Constituent substrate availability, including the amino acids L-histidine and more specifically beta alanine, play the greatest role in determining the concentration of intramuscular carnosine, a potent intracellular Hydrogen ion buffer. The purpose of this review is to analyze the efficacy of beta alanine supplementation on exercise performance, specifically activities relying on anaerobic glycolysis.
Method: The review included articles from peer-reviewed journals with sufficient data related to the purpose and focus of the study. Inclusion criteria included randomized control trials, systematic reviews and meta-analysis published since 2007.
Results: Twenty relevant studies were identified; various experimental protocols were employed, including both acute and chronic effects of beta alanine supplementation on physical performance. All studies were published 2007 through 2017, providing a robust overview of experimentation over the last 10 years.
Discussion and conclusion: Among studies analyzed in this mini-review, the consensus reached regarding the efficacy of beta alanine supplementation for performance enhancement was relatively positive. Most studies followed similar supplementary strategies, consuming anywhere from 1.6 to 6.4g/day for 2 to 10 weeks. The majority of these studies demonstrated statistically significant increases in intramuscular carnosine content, a physiological parameter that is positively correlated with sprinting and power performance. Many studies presented results in support of enhanced muscular endurance performance subsequent to supplementation relative to the placebo group. Researchers also noted a decline in peak aerobic capacity concurrent to a delay in the onset of blood lactate accumulation, supporting the notion of enhanced glycolytic capacity. More research is necessary to identify optimal dosing strategies for performance optimization across the spectrum of physical activities.
Cold water immersion versus whole body cryotherapyFernando Farias
Cold-water immersion was more effective in
accelerating recovery kinetics than whole-body cryotherapy for countermovement jump
performance at 72h post-exercise. Cold-water immersion also demonstrated lower soreness
and higher perceived recovery levels across 24-48h post-exercise.
This document discusses periodized training models for elite kayakers. It outlines the objectives of reviewing sport kayaking, evaluating training models, and identifying stages of a periodized model. Traditional periodized training has limitations like excessive fatigue and inability to multi-peak. Current literature shows blocked periodization improves performance and allows for multi-peak training while minimizing fatigue and improving strength, endurance, and adaptation to training.
Effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism-...Sports Journal
This literature review examines the effect of aerobic exercise on walking capacity in subjects with parkinsonism. Seven studies that utilized aerobic exercises like treadmill training and body weight supported treadmill training with subjects with Parkinson's disease were reviewed. The results across the studies found that aerobic exercise improved walking parameters like speed, stride length, home ambulation, and reduced movement initiation time. The literature review concluded that aerobic exercises can improve walking capacity in patients with parkinsonism.
This study analyzed muscle activation in the legs during different variations of the leg press exercise performed at submaximum effort levels. Fourteen women performed three types of leg presses - 45° leg press, high leg press, and low leg press - at 40% and 80% of their maximum weight capacity. Electromyography was used to measure activation of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximus muscles. The results showed that mechanical changes from the different exercises affected muscle activation levels in a load-dependent manner. At moderate effort levels, the rectus femoris and gastrocnemius muscles showed greater activation during the 45° leg press and low
Melhorar ou até mesmo manter o desempenho atlético em jogadores de esportes de equipe competitivos durante o longo período da temporada é um dos maiores desafios para qualquer treinador comprometido. Tempo muito limitado está disponível entre as partidas semanais para introduzir sessões intensivas de treinamento de força e poder, com uma freqüência normal de 1-2 unidades por semana. Este fato estimula a busca de métodos de treinamento mais eficientes capazes de melhorar uma ampla variedade de habilidades funcionais, evitando ao mesmo tempo os efeitos de fadiga.
This study compared the effects of two different 6-week training protocols on anaerobic capacity and VO2max in young men. Moderate-intensity endurance training improved VO2max but did not change anaerobic capacity. High-intensity interval training improved both VO2max and anaerobic capacity, increasing VO2max by 7 ml/kg/min and anaerobic capacity by 28%. The findings suggest training must stress lactate production and recruit anaerobic energy systems maximally to improve anaerobic capacity.
The Cooper 12-minute run test was developed by Dr. Kenneth Cooper in 1968 to easily measure aerobic fitness through estimating VO2 max. The test involves running as far as possible in 12 minutes, with walking allowed. The total distance run can then be used to estimate VO2 max via established equations. The Cooper test remains a basic fitness assessment tool that provides valid and reliable measurements of cardiovascular endurance when properly administered and scored. It allows for evaluating fitness over time or comparing results across multiple clients.
20190410 Aquatic exercises improves BMD in postmenopausal womenJulie Tzeng
1) The study assessed the effects of a high-intensity jump-based aquatic exercise program on bone mineral density (BMD) and functional fitness in postmenopausal women. 2) The training group participated in 30-minute aquatic exercise sessions involving high-intensity jumping thrice weekly for 24 weeks, while the control group did not exercise. 3) The training group demonstrated significant increases in BMD at the total femur, lumbar spine, and whole body compared to the control group, as well as improvements in chair stand and time up-and-go test performance.
Its a compilation of both traditional and recent advance techniques of not only assessing musculoskeletal but also cardiovascular and respiratory endurance as well as strength
The study investigated the impact of squat depth during resistance training on vertical jump performance. Sixteen subjects were randomly assigned to perform either a half-squat (HS) or full-squat (FS) for six weeks. Both groups saw improvements in vertical jump height after training, with the HS group improving by 0.83 inches on average and the FS group by 1.00 inch, but the differences between groups were not statistically significant. The study concluded that squat depth does not have a significant effect on vertical jump performance.
Definition : The ability to carry out daily tasks with alertness, without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to enjoy leisure-time pursuits and meet unforeseen emergencies.
Purpose of Fitness Testing:
Educating participants about their present health status relative to health-related standards , age , gender.
Providing data that are helpful in development of exercise prescription.
Collecting baseline and follow-up data that allow evaluation of progress by exercise program .
Motivating participants by establishing reasonable and attainable fitness goals.
Satisfying cardiovascular risk.
Components of Physical fitness are : Health related physical fitness component and Skill related physical fitness component. Health related physical fitness components include cardiorespiratory endurance , body composition, muscle strength, muscle endurance , flexibility and Skill related physical fitness components include Agility, power, coordination , balance, reaction time, speed.
This document discusses various physiological tests used to assess fitness and performance in athletes. It describes tests that measure cardiorespiratory endurance like VO2 max, lactate threshold, and anaerobic capacity. Muscular strength, power, and flexibility are also assessed using tests like 1RM, vertical jump, and sit-and-reach. The tests discussed include both laboratory and field tests and provide objective measures of an athlete's abilities to help design optimal training programs. Regular testing allows evaluation of training effectiveness and identification of strengths and weaknesses.
Many successful ultra-endurance athletes have switched from a high-carbohydrate to a low-carbohydrate diet, but they have not previously been studied to determine the extent of metabolic adaptations. The concept that a diet high in carbohydrate is necessary for optimizing exercise performance gained credence in the late 1960s when it was discovered that muscle glycogen depletion was associated with fatigue, and that a high-carbohydrate diet-maintained muscle glycogen and performance.
The study examined the effects of three recovery methods - cold water immersion (CWI), active recovery (AR), and passive recovery (CON) - on blood lactate levels, heart rate, and repeated sprint performance. There were no significant differences found between the recovery methods for lactate clearance, heart rate, or 200m sprint times. While not statistically significant, CWI and AR resulted in slightly lower lactate levels than CON after recovery. The results suggest that the recovery methods did not differentially impact repeated sprint performance in recreationally active males.
The document is an assignment cover sheet for a student named Andrews Scott submitting an assignment for the unit PHYSIOLOGICAL TESTING OF HUMAN PERFORMANCE. It provides information on the assignment such as the topic being MAJOR ASSIGNMENT, the due date of 27/10/2014, and that it is being submitted electronically. The document also contains information about procedures for late assignments and academic misconduct.
A single exercise test for assessing physiological and performance parameters...Fernando Maria Saura
This study investigated whether physiological and performance parameters in elite rowers could be assessed with a single "2-in-1" test combining incremental exercise and a 2000m time trial, rather than with separate tests. Ten elite rowers completed an incremental exercise test, a 2000m time trial, and a 2-in-1 test on different days. Most parameters were not significantly different between the 2-in-1 test and the separate tests, indicating the 2-in-1 test can validly assess these parameters with only one test session.
This document analyzes a study that examined the effects of a 28-week aerobic training program on 12 obese adult males with Down syndrome. The study measured submaximal and maximal aerobic capacity, as well as locomotor economy, before and after the training. It found that maximal aerobic capacity and time to exhaustion significantly increased after training. Body composition also improved, with decreased body fat percentage and increased fat-free mass. However, submaximal aerobic capacity and locomotor economy did not significantly change. The document concludes the study provides evidence that physical activity can improve cardiovascular fitness and body composition for individuals with Down syndrome.
Anthropometric determinants of rowing ergometer performance in physically ina...Fernando Maria Saura
This document summarizes a study that evaluated anthropometric characteristics as determinants of 500 m rowing ergometer performance in physically inactive college females. The study involved 196 college females aged 19-23 years who were measured for various anthropometric parameters including body mass, height, limb lengths, and indices. Participants then performed a 500 m maximal effort trial on a rowing ergometer. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that body mass, height, limb lengths, BMI, slenderness index, and Choszcz-Podstawski index were statistically significant determinants of performance. The best results were seen in females with heights of 170-180 cm and limb lengths of 75-80 cm and 85-90 cm.
Healy and harrison et al. 2014 drop jump emg gluteoFábio Lanferdini
The document summarizes a study that examined the effects of a unilateral gluteal activation protocol on single leg drop jump performance. The study found:
1) Significant differences in contact time, peak ground reaction force, and flight time between the baseline day and when the gluteal exercises were performed, but no difference between the exercise day and a third baseline day, suggesting the improvements were due to practice not the exercises.
2) Using a typical error analysis to examine individual responses, there was no discernible pattern of enhancement or fatigue for any participant from the gluteal exercises.
3) In conclusion, the gluteal activation protocol did not acutely improve single leg drop jump performance beyond potential learning effects
The hamstring muscle group is the most frequently injured, representing
approximately 12 to 24% of all athletic injuries.1,2 These injuries may be due to
disproportionate training performed for the quadriceps,3 with hamstring strains
occurring more frequently in those who demonstrated hamstring weakness, and
lower hamstring-to-quadriceps strength ratios.2 Thus, hamstring strength is impor-
tant for athletic performance and injury prevention in a variety of sports.
ACUTE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WARM UP PROTOCOLS ON.pdfPablo Lorenzo
This study investigated the acute effects of three different warm-up protocols (stretching exercises, plyometric exercises, suspension exercises) on the performance of 20 elite soccer players. The players performed tests measuring static balance, vertical jump, 30m sprint, reaction time, and flexibility before and after each warm-up protocol. The results showed that stretching exercises significantly decreased vertical jump and increased 30m sprint time, while plyometric and suspension exercises significantly increased 30m sprint time without negatively impacting other measures. Suspension exercises may be most beneficial for warm-ups in sports requiring speed and jumping.
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses 3 studies that examined the effects of creatine monohydrate supplementation combined with resistance training on muscular strength and endurance. The studies found that subjects who took creatine monohydrate supplements showed significant increases in measures of muscular strength like 1 rep max for bench press and leg press compared to placebo groups. The studies support the hypothesis that creatine supplementation increases phosphocreatine levels and ATP production, leading to greater muscular strength and endurance gains with resistance training.
Similar to Crimson Publishers-High Intensity Exercise: Lessons from the Past, Implications for the Future (18)
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
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Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
2. How to cite this article: Julien S B. High Intensity Exercise: Lessons from the Past, Implications for the Future. Ortho Res Online J. 1(2). OPROJ.000508. 2017.
DOI: 10.31031/OPROJ.2017.01.000508
Orthopedic Research Online Journal
2/3
Ortho Res Online J
Volume 1 - Issue - 2
sprinting time to 256 metres, provided the highest prediction of
“sprint” capacity (P<0.05).
Beckenholdt and Mayhew, (1983) compared specificity among
powertestsinmaleathletes.Subjectsperformedaspecifictestorder
comprising of the vertical jump (VJ), standing broad jump (SBJ) and
Margaria-Kalamen (MK) test. Because of the potential fatigue factor
induced by the 40 metre dash, it was always administered last.
Factor analysis on the tests, isolated two power components, one
associated with mass, the other related to speed. The VJ, SBJ and 40
metre dash were found to be linked with the speed factor. While the
MK and VJ power tests were associated with the mass component.
(The VJ was found to be common with both speed and mass). The
study concluded that power tests cannot be used interchangeably
when evaluating subjects.
Equipment based evaluation
High intensity performance has been evaluated by Patton &
Duggan [7]. The main aim of the experiment was to investigate any
relationships between a 30sec cycle test, a 60-sec isokinetic knee
test (isokinetic endurance), a 50 metre sprint, a 200 metre sprint
and the Margaria stair-climb test. Correlations, (ranging from r =
0.52, P<0.05 to r = 0.79, P<0.05) were noted between the Wingate
test and isokinetic knee extensions, for peak and mean values
of power and torque respectively. Indices from both these tests
also correlated significantly with the other tests of high intensity
performance (P<0.05).
The best single index was mean power output from the Wingate
test, which had correlations of r = 0.79, P<0.05 ; r = -0.82, P<0.05
and r = 0.74, P<0.05 with the 50 metre sprint, 200 metre run, and
Margaria test, respectively.
The relationships found between mean power output and
running performance were in contrast to a study by Manning et
al. [8] who investigated various high intensity performance tests.
The tests evaluated were, the vertical jump, Margaria-Kalamen test,
Wingate power and capacity test, Cybex isokinetic knee extension
test, standing long jump and the 40 metre dash. The results showed
that there was no single power test that could be used to measure
power compared with the maximum oxygen uptake test which
measures “aerobic power”.
Factor analysis, when applied to both the field and laboratory
tests, revealed that unrelated aspects of performance exists among
all the tests studied, and that they were measuring different aspects
of high intensity energy release.
Treadmill tests
Hermansen & Medbo [9] used a motorised treadmill to
determine the significance of aerobic and glycolytic metabolism
during short periods of maximal exercise. Prior to testining,
preliminary experiments were performed, including measurement
of aerobic capacity, and selection the highest possible speeds that
subjects could run.
Subjects warmed up for ten minutes at a speed corresponding
to 50% of their V
O2 max. After warm up, subjects rested for 15
minutes and blood samples were taken immediately prior to the
60-sec maximal exercise period. Expired gas was collected during
the entire maximal exercise bout. On the basis of results obtained,
it was suggested that maximal oxygen deficit could be used as a
measurement of high intensity capacity in exercising man.
Medbo & Burgers [10] investigated the effect of a training
programmeonthehighintensitycapacityofnontrainied,aerobically
trained and anaerobically trained males. In addition, seven women
and five men trained for six weeks and their high intensity abilities
were compared before and after the training period. There was no
change observed in performance capacity between the untrained
and the endurance trained subjects, whereas the sprinters capacity
was 30% larger presumably as a result of high intensity training.
The female performance capacity was 17% less than the males.
The training regime of six weeks increased the anaerobic capacity
by 10%. A relationship was also observed between performance
capacity and peak rate of high intensity energy release. The
conclusion of the study was that high intensity performance varies
significantly between subjects of different gender and specific
training status.
Volkov et al. [11] used a motorised treadmill to determine
high intensity metabolism. Testing consisted of increasing running
speed every 3 minutes from a level of 2.5m.s-1 to maximal running,
through increments of 1m.s-1.
Via measurement of expired CO2 at varying loads, they found
that it was possible identify running intensities that reflected
aerobic metabolism thresholds, characterised by increases in
arterial blood lactate. High intensity power and capacity were
monitored by Sawka et al. [12]. Forty four subjects ran to exhaustion
on a motor driven treadmill for 3 to 5 minutes with measurement of
the 2 minutes recovery O2 uptake, to estimate the glycolytic portion
of the oxygen debt.
The findings of the study suggested that the glycolytic portion
of the measured oxygen debt, was related to skeletal muscle
phosphagen concentration, and that high intensity capacity was
related to phosphagen splitting rate.
A study by Thompson & Garvie [13] determined high intensity
energy expenditure during sprinting. Subjects sprinted on a motor
driven treadmill elevated to a 5% grade. Individual running speeds
were selected on the basis that the subject could only sprint 60 to
70 seconds before reaching exhaustion.
There after the following protocols were administered:
a. A continuous sprint to exhaustion was performed 3 to
5times.
b. All sprints were performed with two days rest in between.
c. Pre-exercise O2
uptake and total O2
consumed during each
sprint were measured.
Over the following 2 week period, each subject then performed
four separate sprints of 15sec, 30sec, 45sec and 60sec duration.
3. How to cite this article: Julien S B. High Intensity Exercise: Lessons from the Past, Implications for the Future. Ortho Res Online J. 1(2). OPROJ.000508. 2017.
DOI: 10.31031/OPROJ.2017.01.000508
3/3
Ortho Res Online JOrthopedic Research Online Journal
Volume 1 - Issue - 2
The progressive lengthening of the sprint intervals permitted
the segregation and subsequently the independent measurement of
two high intensity energy sources, ATP and glycolysis. It was found
that the methodology used provided a protocol for the assessment
of high intensity metabolism during short term intensive work.
Fujitsuka et al. [14] used maximal treadmill sprinting to
determine peak blood lactate levels. Maximal exercise was
completed on a running machine at a specified inclination (8.6%).
The running speed was based on previous experimentation to
ensure that all subjects could perform for 1min before exhaustion.
Various seeds were used and ranged from 4.5 -5m.s-1
. Blood
samples were taken pre and post exercise for the determination of
blod lactate. It was found that peak blood lactate levels occurred
around 9 minutes after cessation of exercise.
High intensity performance capacity in runners was studied by
Schnabel&Kindermann[15].Atotalof55malerunnersparticipated
in the study. The runners were assigned to five groups depending on
their aerobic ability. All subjects performed three runs on running
machine. The initial run was a test to determine aerobic power (
V
O2
max). The other two were constant load tests to determine
glycolytic capacity. The treadmill was set at a constant slope of 5%.
The initial speed was 1.67m.s-1
and was increased every 3 minutes
by 0.55m.s-1
until volitional exhaustion. The constant load tests
were performed at 6.11m.s-1
with a 7.5% inclination.
The treadmill was accelerated from 0 to 6.11m.s-1
within 10sec.
In the first test the run was interrupted after 40-sec, including the
10-sec acceleration phase. After 45sec rest the test was performed
again. It was concluded that running time was a function of high
intensity capacity.
Conclusion
Although gaining in popularity, there has been much early
research relating to the benefits of high intensity exercise. Training
modalities studied range from brisk walking, to maximal sprints
with pre determined activity and recovery ratios.
Anaerobic training is a training method which needs maximum
effort to gain benefit from the activity. The effort required is related
to rest recovery ratios that aid in the development of anaerobic
capacity and power. The recovery period must ensure that the
muscle is fully recovered prior to the next maximal effort.
Anaerobic activity elevates the heart rate and potentially
metabolises greater fat deposits while increasing lean tissue mass.
Aaerobic metabolism increases the bodys need for oxygen post
exercise and the demand is greater that observed following aerobic
metabolism. The post exercise effect is referred to as the Excess
Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC).
This elevated level of oxygen consumption, post activity is one
of the reasons why the fat burning mechanism of anaerobic activity
is more effective that aerobic activity in relation to time spent
performing the exercise task Buchan et al. [16].
High intensity anaerobic exercise has gained much popularity
in recent years, early experimentation provided us with the initial
results and methodologies that enabled further development of the
high intensity protocols that are used today. The method has now
gained massive poularity in relation to fitness benefits, but is also
now being used in the management and understanding of obesity,
cardiovascular disease, diabetes and associated co morbidities [17].
References
1. Martin R, Buchan DS, Baker JS, Young J, Sculthorpe N, et al. (2015)
Sprintinterval training (SIT) is an effective method to maintain
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