Teaching session on Artificial Intelligence with pathology residents at the University of Alberta, January 3, 2023.

1. KIM SOLEZ, MD

2. JANUARY 3RD ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PRESENTATION TO
PATHOLOGY RESIDENTS
JANUARY 5TH FIRST LECTURE IN TECHNOLOGY AND FUTURE OF MEDICINE COURSE
JANUARY 8TH GLOMCON PRESENTATION ETHICS OF PIG TO HUMAN
TRANSPLANTS, AI, AND WHY THE FUTURE IS PORCINE
JANUARY 10TH SECOND LECTURE IN TECHNOLOGY AND FUTURE OF MEDICINE
COURSE
JANUARY 24TH, DAVID PEARCE TEACHING SESSION FULL SPECTRUM
SUPERINTELLIGENCE
JANUARY 26TH TEACHING SESSION ON PIG TO HUMAN TRANSPLANTATION AND
REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
JANUARY 31ST TO MARCH 2ND AI LECTURES FROM DRS. ZAIANE, SUTTON, AND
PILARSKI

5. What was the trajectory of the
foundational discovery of
tubulitis in the Banff
Classification? The first four
editions of my mentor Robert
Heptinstall’s book 1966-92
contained no reference to
tubulitis, but just reference to
lymphocytes in the urine in
rejection seen by cytology with
references back to 1964 in the
Transplantation chapter by
Kendrick Porter. Larger
lymphocytes were seen at peaks
of rejection. Graphics by
University of Montreal
Pathology Resident Qing Yin
Wang.

6. Tubulitis
Discoveries
Pollak 1975 Sibley 1983
Tubulitis was first described in native kidney interstitial
nephritis by Victor Pollak in 1975 who included the
peritubular infiltrate. Richard Sibley inaccurately
described it as lymphocytes invading tubular
cytoplasm in transplants in 1983. Regina Verani
described it vaguely in transplants in 1984. We were
the first to accurately describe it in the transplanted
kidney in 1985 (Solez et al.) Graphics by University of
Montreal Pathology Resident Qing Yin Wang.
Verani 1984 Solez 1985

7. The fundamental discoveries of the Banff
Classification were foreshadowed in the clinical trials
of cyclosporine between the mid 1970s and early
1980s. In 1983 cyclosporine received FDA approval.
That year transplant surgeon James Burdick and I
started a protocol biopsy study of cyclosporine
treated patients biopsied at 1 and 4 weeks. In 1985
we described tubulitis in those biopsies as
“Mononuclear cells lying between tubular epithelial
cells, or beneath them just inside the tubular
basement membrane.” This became the crucial
backdrop against which the Banff Classification was
created 6 years later. Graphic by University of
Montreal Pathology Resident Qing Yin Wang.

8. In the original Banff Classification
article in KI in 1993 Editor Tom
Andreoli thought the specificity
of tubulitis for acute T-Cell
Mediated Rejection and the
nonspecificity of the interstitial
inflammatory infiltrate was so
important that everything about
that should be put on the first
page and that was done.

9. In the original Banff
Classification article in KI in
1993 Editor Tom Andreoli
thought the specificity of
tubulitis for acute TCMR and the
nonspecificity of the interstitial
inflammatory infiltrate was so
important that everything about
that should be put on the first
page and that was done. That
paragraph begins and ends with
tubulitis! We described the
nonspecificity of interstitial
infiltrates in 1984 and the
specificity of tubulitis in 1985.

10. Today and into the future tubulitis remains just
as important as ever. It figured prominently in
the three articles in the March 2022 issue of
AJT with cover graphic “Acute T Cell-Mediated
Rejection: Still a Worthy Opponent”. For
decades tubulitis has been the focus of
morphometry programs, and so now the best
machine detection systems use a combination
of hand-crafted features, texture analysis, and
machine learning, see recent March and May
2022 Banff Digital Pathology Working Group
videos with Ulysses Balis
https://youtu.be/KkVS7Hucvh0
https://youtu.be/uwodKQIamkE
https://banfffoundation.org/digital-pathology-
working-group/

14. A group directed by Nell Watson is
creating standard IEEE P3152
which signals whether you are
dealing with a human, AI, or
combination is a fundamental
discovery. Important in future!
No young person has joined this
effort. You could be the first!