The document summarizes the history and evolution of the kibbutz movement in Israel over the past 100 years. The first kibbutz was founded in 1910 by a dozen Jewish youth who wanted to create a new social model based on self-management and communal living without government or private property. Over time, ideological differences led to the emergence of different factions of the kibbutz movement. While the kibbutzim played a key role in building up the Jewish community in Israel, in recent decades many have adopted more capitalist and privatized models.