This document summarizes a study on the structure and thermodynamics of colloid solutions interacting through Yukawa or Lu-Marlow potentials. The researchers used an expression described by Lu and Marlow that accounts for finite particle size. They calculated structure factors using a variational method based on the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality. The theoretical structure factors obtained were found to be in good agreement with experimental data, justifying the interest in the Lu-Marlow potential. They also used a reference system of hard spheres and the variational method to estimate thermodynamic properties of the colloid solutions.
The Hammett Plot is a type of Linear Free-Energy Relationship (LFER) analysis designed to model the electronic effect of substituents on aromatic systems (in the para and meta positions only). Information gathered can be used to probe the mechanism of the reaction and can be applied in the optimization of reaction conditions.
Contributed by: Eric Amerling & Christine Nervig (Undergraduates), University of Utah, 2013
Using the two forms of Fish-Bone potential (I and II), a self-consistent calculations are carried out to perform the analysis of binding energies, root mean square radii and form factors using different configuration symmetries of 20Ne nucleus. A computer simulation search program has been introduced to solve this problem. The Hilbert space was restricted to three and four dimensional variational function space spanned by single spherical harmonic oscillator orbits. A comparison using Td and D3h configuration symmetries are carried out.
The Hammett Plot is a type of Linear Free-Energy Relationship (LFER) analysis designed to model the electronic effect of substituents on aromatic systems (in the para and meta positions only). Information gathered can be used to probe the mechanism of the reaction and can be applied in the optimization of reaction conditions.
Contributed by: Eric Amerling & Christine Nervig (Undergraduates), University of Utah, 2013
Using the two forms of Fish-Bone potential (I and II), a self-consistent calculations are carried out to perform the analysis of binding energies, root mean square radii and form factors using different configuration symmetries of 20Ne nucleus. A computer simulation search program has been introduced to solve this problem. The Hilbert space was restricted to three and four dimensional variational function space spanned by single spherical harmonic oscillator orbits. A comparison using Td and D3h configuration symmetries are carried out.
SAR versus QSAR, History and development of QSAR, Types of physicochemical
parameters, experimental and theoretical approaches for the determination of
physicochemical parameters such as Partition coefficient, Hammet’s substituent
constant and Taft’s steric constant. Hansch analysis, Free Wilson analysis, 3D-QSAR
approaches like COMFA and COMSIA.
On the basis of the first law of thermodynamics, an analysis of the orientation of structural interactions was carried out. In the systems in which the interaction proceeds along the potential gradient (positive work), the resultant potential energy is found based on the principle of adding reciprocals of corresponding energies of subsystems - there is a corpuscular mechanism. In the systems in which the interactions proceed against the potential gradient (negative performance) the algebraic addition of their masses, as well as the corresponding energies of subsystems is performed - there is a wave mechanism. Act of quantum action expressed via Plank’s constant is narrowed to the energy equilibrium-exchange redistribution between the corpuscular and wave processes, that is demonstrated via the angular vector of such motion. Еnergy characteristics of functional states of bio-systems are defined basically by P-parameter values of atom first valence electron. The principles of stationary biosystem formation are similar to the conditions of wave processes in the phase. Under the condition of the minimum of such interactions, the pathological (but not stationary) biostructures containing the molecular hydrogen can be formed.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Structure and transport coefficients of liquid Argon and neon using molecular...IOSR Journals
Molecular dynamics simulation was employed to deduce the dynamics property distribution function of Argon
and Neon liquid. With the use of a Lennnard-Jones pair potential model, an inter-atomic interaction function was observed
between pair of particles in a system of many particles, which indicates that the pair distribution function determines the
structures of liquid Argon. This distribution effect regarding the liquid structure of Lennard-Jones potential was strongly
affected such that its viscosity depends on density distribution of the model. The radial distribution function, g(r) agrees well
with the experimental data used. Our results regarding Argon and Neon show that their signatures are quite different at
each temperature, such that their corresponding viscosity is not consistent. Two sharps turning points are more
prominent in Argon, one at temperature of 83.88 Kelvin (K) with viscosity of -0.548 Pascal second (Pa-s) and the
other at temperature of 215.64 K with viscosity of -0.228 Pa-s.
In Argon and Neon liquid, temperature and density are inversely and directly proportional to diffusion
coefficient, in that order. This characteristic suggests that the observed non linearity could result from the non
uniform thermal expansion in liquid Argon and Neon, which are between the temperature range of 21.98 K and
239.52 K.
Pion Form Factor Contribution in Vacuum Polarization corrections for 1s energ...IOSRJAP
The 1푠 energy level vacuum polarization correctionsof pionic hydrogen atom induced by a potential including form factor are compared with those obtained by using pion point potential. Without form factor of nucleus and pion the correction increases very slowly for low Z atoms and increases fastly for higher Z. The finite size of the nucleus increases the correction with Z in case of exponential distribution, while in case of Gaussian distribution the increase is lower. For Fermi distribution there is a fast increase at low values of Z and faslty decreases with higher values of Z. The effect of form factor of pion on the correction is very clear for low Z nuclei and then becomes nearly constant for higher values Z.
RELATIVISTIC MEAN FIELD STUDY OF SM ISOTOPES WITH FTBCS APPROACHijrap
A theoretical study of the thermal pairing correlation as a function of temperature is performed for eveneven
148-154Sm isotopes using Finite Temperature Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (FTBCS) approach within the
Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) model. Numerical results obtained at T=0 are found to be consistent with
the available experimental values. Further, results show the thermal dependency of various nuclear
parameters like gap parameter, pairing energy, binding energy, deformation and density. At T≠0.0 MeV,
the destruction of Cooper pairs and the pairing phase transition as well as shape transition is observed in
148-154Sm nuclei at critical temperature Tc≠0.
Updating maxwell with electrons and charge version 6 aug 28 1Bob Eisenberg
Maxwell’s equations describe the relation of charge and electric force almost perfectly even though electrons and permanent charge were not in his equations, as he wrote them. For Maxwell, all charge depended on the electric field. Charge was induced and polarization was described by a single dielectric constant.
Electrons, permanent charge, and polarization are important when matter is involved. Polarization of matter cannot be described by a single dielectric constant ε_(r )with reasonable realism today when applications involve 10^(-10) sec. Only vacuum is well described by a single dielectric constant ε_(0 ).
Here, Maxwell's equations are rewritten to include permanent charge and any type of polarization. Rewriting is in one sense petty, and in another sense profound, in either case presumptuous. Either petty or profound, rewriting confirms the legitimacy of electrodynamics that includes permanent charge and realistic polarization. One cannot be sure that a theory of electrodynamics without electrons or (permanent, field independent) charge (like Maxwell’s equations as he wrote them) would be legitimate or not. After all a theory cannot calculate the fields produced by charges (for example electrons) that are not in the theory at all!
After updating,
1) Maxwell’s equations seem universal and exact.
2) Polarization must be described explicitly to use Maxwell’s equations in applications.
3) Conservation of total current (including ε_0 ∂E⁄∂t) becomes exact, independent of matter, allowing precise definition of electromotive force EMF in circuits.
4) Kirchhoff’s current law becomes as exact as Maxwell’s equations themselves.
5) Conservation of total current needs to be satisfied in a wide variety of systems where it has not traditionally received much attention.
6) Classical chemical kinetics is seen to need revision to conserve current.
SAR versus QSAR, History and development of QSAR, Types of physicochemical
parameters, experimental and theoretical approaches for the determination of
physicochemical parameters such as Partition coefficient, Hammet’s substituent
constant and Taft’s steric constant. Hansch analysis, Free Wilson analysis, 3D-QSAR
approaches like COMFA and COMSIA.
On the basis of the first law of thermodynamics, an analysis of the orientation of structural interactions was carried out. In the systems in which the interaction proceeds along the potential gradient (positive work), the resultant potential energy is found based on the principle of adding reciprocals of corresponding energies of subsystems - there is a corpuscular mechanism. In the systems in which the interactions proceed against the potential gradient (negative performance) the algebraic addition of their masses, as well as the corresponding energies of subsystems is performed - there is a wave mechanism. Act of quantum action expressed via Plank’s constant is narrowed to the energy equilibrium-exchange redistribution between the corpuscular and wave processes, that is demonstrated via the angular vector of such motion. Еnergy characteristics of functional states of bio-systems are defined basically by P-parameter values of atom first valence electron. The principles of stationary biosystem formation are similar to the conditions of wave processes in the phase. Under the condition of the minimum of such interactions, the pathological (but not stationary) biostructures containing the molecular hydrogen can be formed.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Structure and transport coefficients of liquid Argon and neon using molecular...IOSR Journals
Molecular dynamics simulation was employed to deduce the dynamics property distribution function of Argon
and Neon liquid. With the use of a Lennnard-Jones pair potential model, an inter-atomic interaction function was observed
between pair of particles in a system of many particles, which indicates that the pair distribution function determines the
structures of liquid Argon. This distribution effect regarding the liquid structure of Lennard-Jones potential was strongly
affected such that its viscosity depends on density distribution of the model. The radial distribution function, g(r) agrees well
with the experimental data used. Our results regarding Argon and Neon show that their signatures are quite different at
each temperature, such that their corresponding viscosity is not consistent. Two sharps turning points are more
prominent in Argon, one at temperature of 83.88 Kelvin (K) with viscosity of -0.548 Pascal second (Pa-s) and the
other at temperature of 215.64 K with viscosity of -0.228 Pa-s.
In Argon and Neon liquid, temperature and density are inversely and directly proportional to diffusion
coefficient, in that order. This characteristic suggests that the observed non linearity could result from the non
uniform thermal expansion in liquid Argon and Neon, which are between the temperature range of 21.98 K and
239.52 K.
Pion Form Factor Contribution in Vacuum Polarization corrections for 1s energ...IOSRJAP
The 1푠 energy level vacuum polarization correctionsof pionic hydrogen atom induced by a potential including form factor are compared with those obtained by using pion point potential. Without form factor of nucleus and pion the correction increases very slowly for low Z atoms and increases fastly for higher Z. The finite size of the nucleus increases the correction with Z in case of exponential distribution, while in case of Gaussian distribution the increase is lower. For Fermi distribution there is a fast increase at low values of Z and faslty decreases with higher values of Z. The effect of form factor of pion on the correction is very clear for low Z nuclei and then becomes nearly constant for higher values Z.
RELATIVISTIC MEAN FIELD STUDY OF SM ISOTOPES WITH FTBCS APPROACHijrap
A theoretical study of the thermal pairing correlation as a function of temperature is performed for eveneven
148-154Sm isotopes using Finite Temperature Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (FTBCS) approach within the
Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) model. Numerical results obtained at T=0 are found to be consistent with
the available experimental values. Further, results show the thermal dependency of various nuclear
parameters like gap parameter, pairing energy, binding energy, deformation and density. At T≠0.0 MeV,
the destruction of Cooper pairs and the pairing phase transition as well as shape transition is observed in
148-154Sm nuclei at critical temperature Tc≠0.
Updating maxwell with electrons and charge version 6 aug 28 1Bob Eisenberg
Maxwell’s equations describe the relation of charge and electric force almost perfectly even though electrons and permanent charge were not in his equations, as he wrote them. For Maxwell, all charge depended on the electric field. Charge was induced and polarization was described by a single dielectric constant.
Electrons, permanent charge, and polarization are important when matter is involved. Polarization of matter cannot be described by a single dielectric constant ε_(r )with reasonable realism today when applications involve 10^(-10) sec. Only vacuum is well described by a single dielectric constant ε_(0 ).
Here, Maxwell's equations are rewritten to include permanent charge and any type of polarization. Rewriting is in one sense petty, and in another sense profound, in either case presumptuous. Either petty or profound, rewriting confirms the legitimacy of electrodynamics that includes permanent charge and realistic polarization. One cannot be sure that a theory of electrodynamics without electrons or (permanent, field independent) charge (like Maxwell’s equations as he wrote them) would be legitimate or not. After all a theory cannot calculate the fields produced by charges (for example electrons) that are not in the theory at all!
After updating,
1) Maxwell’s equations seem universal and exact.
2) Polarization must be described explicitly to use Maxwell’s equations in applications.
3) Conservation of total current (including ε_0 ∂E⁄∂t) becomes exact, independent of matter, allowing precise definition of electromotive force EMF in circuits.
4) Kirchhoff’s current law becomes as exact as Maxwell’s equations themselves.
5) Conservation of total current needs to be satisfied in a wide variety of systems where it has not traditionally received much attention.
6) Classical chemical kinetics is seen to need revision to conserve current.
Hey friends, let us have a look on nuclear power plant...!!!! Are they really safe or not???...Read the presentation and find out the answer...!!! A special info with updated knowledge is provided.
Botify's presentation at Brighton SEO (Sept. 2014)Annabelle Bouard
A disrupting way of managing organic search: check which areas of your website Google knows about, and which are active (generate organic visits). Make more precise, more informed decisions.
Presentation I delivered to Visit Denmark's International Press team and partners about travel bloggers are shaping the future of destination marketing, what are the trends and what destinations should be thinking of when working with travel bloggers
This is the presentation depicting the major catabolic effects and the various hormones responsible for increasing the concentration of Glucose in blood stream in times of stress and starvation.
One year in the life of a large website with BotifyAnnabelle Bouard
How Botify's SEO tools (website crawler combined with web server log files analysis) provide visibility over key information to optimize your website's and react when something goes wrong, to make sure your organic traffic will grow.
Molecular Mean-Field Theory of Ionic Solutions: a Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Biker...Bob Eisenberg
We have developed a molecular mean-field theory — fourth-order Poisson-
Nernst-Planck-Bikerman theory — for modeling ionic and water flows in biological ion channels
by treating ions and water molecules of any volume and shape with interstitial voids,
polarization of water, and ion-ion and ion-water correlations. The theory can also be used to
study thermodynamic and electrokinetic properties of electrolyte solutions in batteries, fuel
cells, nanopores, porous media including cement, geothermal brines, the oceanic system, etc.
The theory can compute electric and steric energies from all atoms in a protein and all ions
and water molecules in a channel pore while keeping electrolyte solutions in the extra- and
intracellular baths as a continuum dielectric medium with complex properties that mimic
experimental data. The theory has been verified with experiments and molecular dynamics
data from the gramicidin A channel, L-type calcium channel, potassium channel, and
sodium/calcium exchanger with real structures from the Protein Data Bank. It was also
verified with the experimental or Monte Carlo data of electric double-layer differential capacitance
and ion activities in aqueous electrolyte solutions. We give an in-depth review of
the literature about the most novel properties of the theory, namely, Fermi distributions of
water and ions as classical particles with excluded volumes and dynamic correlations that
depend on salt concentration, composition, temperature, pressure, far-field boundary conditions
etc. in a complex and complicated way as reported in a wide range of experiments.
The dynamic correlations are self-consistent output functions from a fourth-order differential
operator that describes ion-ion and ion-water correlations, the dielectric response (permit2
tivity) of ionic solutions, and the polarization of water molecules with a single correlation
length parameter.
1. INTRODUCTION
Water and ions give life. Their electrostatic and kinetic interactions play essential roles
in biological and chemical systems such as DNA, proteins, ion channels, cell membranes,
Time Evolution of Density Parameters for Matter and Dark Energy and their Int...IJASRD Journal
In the framework of Brans-Dicke (BD) theory, the first part of the present study determines the time dependence of BD parameter, energy density and Equation of State (EoS) parameter of the cosmic fluid in a universe expanding with acceleration, preceded by a phase of deceleration. For this purpose, a scale factor has been so chosen that the deceleration parameter, obtained from it, shows a signature flip with time. Considering the dark energy to be responsible for the entire pressure, the time evolution of energy parameters for matter and dark energy and the EoS parameter for dark energy have been determined. A model for an effective interaction term, between matter and dark energy, has been proposed and calculated. Its negative value at the present time indicates conversion of matter into dark energy. Using this term, the time dependence of the rates of change of matter and dark energy has been determined. It is found that the nature of dependence of the scalar field upon the scale factor plays a very important role in governing the time evolution of the cosmological quantities studied here. The present study provides us with a simple way to determine the time evolution of dark energy for a homogeneous and isotropic universe of zero spatial curvature, without involving any self-interaction potential or cosmological constant in the formulation.
Dipolar interaction and the Manning formulaIJERA Editor
In this work we want to show that the mathematical model of quantum mechanics, led to its classical approach, is able to reproduce as close macroscopic experimental results captured by the Manning formula, sufficiently verified through their diverse applications in hydraulics. Molecular interaction between the fluid and the wall of the vessel is studied decomposing the Hamiltonian in two parts: free, and interacting. Scaling process is considered from molecular to hydraulic. Participation of the symmetries of Saint-Venant equation in the hydraulic gradient is taken into account. Correlations between different variables are set. The magnitude of scale change is estimated. We conclude that the Compton wavelength induces to the Boussinesq viscosity concept and the characteristic length of the viscous sublayer.
Quark Model Three Body Calculations for the Hypertriton Bound StateIOSR Journals
Hyperspherical three body calculations are performed to study and review the various properties of
the hypertriton bound state nucleus
3H in the quark model using -N potentials. In these calculations we study
the different effects of the -N potentials on the hypertriton bound states as well as the separation energy B. A
combination of realistic two body N-N potentials with various - N potentials are considered. Complete
symmetric and mixed symmetric wave functions are introduced. using the renormalized Numerov method. The
agreement between the calculated
3H binding energies and the available experimental data basically depends
on the type of the -N interactions used in the calculations. It was found that the -N potentials are the most
effective part in the hypertriton binding energy as well as the separation energy B where the -N potentials is
very effective to bound or unbound the
3H hyper nucleus
Pacs numbers: 21.30. + y, 21.10.+dr,27.20.+n
Analysis and Design of Lead Salt PbSe/PbSrSe Single Quantum Well In the Infra...IJASCSE
There is a considerable interest in studying the energy spectrum changes due to the non parabolic energy band structure in nano structures and nano material semiconductors. Most material systems have parabolic band structures at the band edge, however away from the band edge the bands are strongly non parabolic. Other material systems are strongly parabolic at the band edge such as IV-VI lead salt semiconductors. A theoretical model was developed to conduct this study on PbSe/Pb 0.934 Sr0.066 Se nanostructure system in the infrared region. Moreover, we studied the effects of four temperatures on the analysis and design of this system. It will be shown that the total losses for the system are higher than the modal gain values for lasing to occur and multiple quantum well structures are a better design choice.
Excitons, lifetime and Drude tail within the current~current response framew...Claudio Attaccalite
We compare the optical absorption of extended systems calculated starting from the density-density and current-current linear response formalisms within the equilibrium many-body perturbation theory(MBPT). We show how, using the latter, one can incur in errors due to quasiparticle lifetimes, electron-hole interaction or the presence of a Drude tail. We present a solution for each one of these problems.
2. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied
Physics and Applications
J. Adv. Res. Appl. Phy. Appl. 2014; 1(2): 4- 11.
Introduction
A common and basic representation of a
suspension of colloid that is charged
polystyrene latex spheres immersed in an
aqueous medium[1]
. Many studies have been
devoted to the study of the structure of these
colloids. The associated structure factor is
similar to those of the simple liquids, with a
pronounced peak first, which is becoming
increasingly important and moves to a larger
values of the wave vector transfer, when the
concentration increases. This similarity with
atomic systems allows the physical colloidal
suspensions to be treated in terms of effective
pair potential. In very dilute suspensions
colloidal, particle interactions are absent,
whereas in more concentrated solutions;
interaction effects become significant and
therefore can be treated using the
approximation of a modified Debye-Hückel[2]
.
In order to study the structure, we used a
traditional repulsive potential Verwey and an
Overbeek, which come from the mutual
interaction of electrical double layers
surrounding each particle, and a new form of
the attractive van der Waals potential
described by Lu and Marlow[3]
. The main
advantage of this attractive potential is that it
is proportional uA the inverse sixth power of
the distance, for large separations, and in
addition, it involves the size of the particles.
Which justifies its importance.
I- Interparticle potential.
Before considering the interparticle
potential, we first define the system to be
studied. These polystyrene spheres immersed
in an aqueous medium, the sulfonic acid
groups are ionized by contact with water and
then produce negative charges which are
located on the surface of the spheres. The
interactions between these spheres are foiled
against by the presence of positively charged
ions in the solution. This is identical to the
shielding of impurities in an electron gas
processed in the Thomas-Fermi
approximation. If the solution is very dilute,
colloids interactions can be treated by the
Debye-Huckel approximation. By contrast,
the suspensions of polystyrene spheres of
finite size, the electrostatic repulsion between
the electrical double layers around these areas
are so high that the linear approximation of
the Debye-Hückel becomes inadequate and
must be changed. Thus, the potential for these
electrostatic interaction colloidal systems can
be described by the following expression
r
e
ka
eeZ
rU
krka
DH
2
0
22
1
)(
(1)
Where r is the distance between the centers of
two spheres interaction (common load Ze ,e
is the elementary charge of an electron),
2
0
2
2 4
i
i
i
B
Zn
Tk
e
k
(2)