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![Wearable
• : capable of being worn : suitable to be
worn [Merriam-Webster]
• : something that can be worn: something
that can be worn that contains computer
technology or can connect to the
internet: [Cambridge Dictionary]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentationks2020-201203193155/85/Keynote-speech-Webmedia-2020-2-320.jpg)
![Context Matters
• Transient requirements
• Interaction on the go
Motti, V. G., & Caine, K. (2016, September). Smart Wearables or Dumb Wearables? Understanding how Context Impacts the UX
in Wrist Worn Interaction. In Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on the Design of Communication (pp. 1-10).
I like the "move" as a motivator except if I am driving
for a couple hours or sitting on a plane -with no
option to move.’ [P3, Garmin Vivo Smart user]
…it is now impossible to see in the directly
daylight at all. If you are running outside, there's
no way to see the screen [P1, Fitbit Blaze user]
The most disappointing function by far is the pedometer. It
seems to track steps purely by arm swings, which means if
you're pushing a shopping cart, mowing the lawn or even
carrying something, you don't get credit for any walking.
That's a little absurd [P15, Samsung Gear Fit user]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentationks2020-201203193155/85/Keynote-speech-Webmedia-2020-33-320.jpg)
Uploaded byVivian Motti
Keynote speech - Webmedia 2020
The document outlines the evolution and current landscape of wearable technologies, emphasizing their capabilities, applications, and design considerations. It discusses various sensor types, data connectivity, and the importance of user experience, addressing challenges like abandonment rates and privacy concerns. Additionally, it highlights future trends such as batteryless sensors and implantable devices, while advocating for ethical practices in the development of these technologies.
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Keynote speech - Webmedia 2020
- 1. Wearable Technologies: a Roadmap tothe Future VIVIAN GENARO MOTTI, PHD VMOTTI@GMU.EDU
- 2. Wearable • : capableof being worn : suitable to be worn [Merriam-Webster] • : something that can be worn: something that can be worn that contains computer technology or can connect to the internet: [Cambridge Dictionary]
- 3. Wearable Computing • Research and developmentof miniature body-borne computational and sensory devices • Wearable computers may be worn under, over, or in clothing, or may also be themselves clothes • Smart garments • E-textiles Mann, S. (1996). Smart clothing: The shift to wearable computing. Communications of the ACM, 39(8), 23-24. Motti, V. G. (2020). Introduction to wearable computers. In Wearable Interaction (pp. 1-39). Springer, Cham.
- 4.
- 5. Thorp, E. O.(1998). The invention of the first wearable computer. In Digest of Papers. 2nd International symposium on wearable computers (pp. 4-8). IEEE. No longer an emerging discipline
- 6. https://www.sleek-mag.com/article/stelarc-interview-posthumanism/ “Stelarc’s third earis just one manifestation of his vision of a future where nanotechnology will recolonize the body”
- 7. Technology has beenshrinking
- 8. ACM DL 519,823 results For‘Wearable Computing’ Growth in Research 1990 2020
- 9. Development Google Play results show250+ watch apps
- 10.
- 11. Boosted by technological advances:Hardware Toolkits Sparkfun Toolkit Photo credit by: Juan Peña
- 12. Boosted by technological advances:SDKs and OSs
- 14. • Vary in •Shape • Purpose • Dimension • Placement • Ecosystem • Proximity • Autonomy Multidimensional Design Space
- 15.
- 16.
- 17.
- 18. Vary in Purpose LesiaTrubat Amanda Jarvis - Midi
- 19. Vary in Proximityto the Human Body • Devices • Implants • On-body interfaces • Exoskeletons Muse HeadbandSnap Spetacles Xiao, R., et al. (2018). LumiWatch: On- arm projected graphics and touch input. In 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.
- 21.
- 22.
- 23. Sensors — Accelerometer — Altimeter —Bio-acoustic — Blood Pressure (BP) — Brightness — Camera — Compass — ECG (Electrocardiogram) — EDA (Electro dermal Activity) — EEG (Electroencephalogram) — EGG (Electrogastrography) — Electrodes — EMG (Electromyogram) — EOG (Electrooculogram) — Fiber Optic Sensors — Fiber Sensors — Glucometer — GPS — GSR (Galvanic Skin Response) — Gyroscope — Humidity — Inductive Wires — Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) — IR LED + IR photodiode — IR photo reflective — IR proximity — IR temperature — LED + Photodiode — Magnetic Coils — Microphone — Optical Sensor — Oximeter — Piezoelectric/resistive — Pressure — PSG (Polysomnogram) — Respiration — RFID — Spectrometer — Thermometer — Textile Sensors — Ultra-sound (US) — Ultra-violet (UV) — Weight
- 24. Actuators Xiao, R., etal. (2018). LumiWatch: On-arm projected graphics and touch input. CHI’2018
- 25. Storage • SD Card– stand-alone • Pairing via BLE • Cloud services
- 26. Network • Connectivity viaBLE, NFC, WiFi, Ant+, ZigBee • Micro-USB • Wired
- 27. Case • Flexible materials •E-Textiles • Hardware A. Bleicher, Learn New Skills With Superhuman Speed, IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News, 2014. https://spectrum.ieee.org/consumer- electronics/portable-devices/learn-new-skills-with- superhuman-speed Boateng, G., et al. (2019). Experience: Design, development and evaluation of a wearable device for mHealth applications. In The 25th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (pp. 1-14).
- 28. Versatile • Placement, dimension,shape • Well-suited for diverse purposes
- 29. Applications • Entertainment • Healthcare •Interaction • Learning • Safety
- 30. Assistive Wearables Zheng, H.,& Genaro Motti, V. (2018, April). Assisting students with intellectual and developmental disabilities in inclusive education with smartwatches. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 1-12).
- 31.
- 32. Design Considerations • Interactionon the go • Transient requirements • Reduced surface • Limited guidelines Boateng, G., Motti, V. G., Mishra, V., Batsis, J. A., Hester, J., & Kotz, D. (2019, October). Experience: Design, development and evaluation of a wearable device for mHealth applications. In The 25th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (pp. 1-14).
- 33. Context Matters • Transientrequirements • Interaction on the go Motti, V. G., & Caine, K. (2016, September). Smart Wearables or Dumb Wearables? Understanding how Context Impacts the UX in Wrist Worn Interaction. In Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on the Design of Communication (pp. 1-10). I like the "move" as a motivator except if I am driving for a couple hours or sitting on a plane -with no option to move.’ [P3, Garmin Vivo Smart user] …it is now impossible to see in the directly daylight at all. If you are running outside, there's no way to see the screen [P1, Fitbit Blaze user] The most disappointing function by far is the pedometer. It seems to track steps purely by arm swings, which means if you're pushing a shopping cart, mowing the lawn or even carrying something, you don't get credit for any walking. That's a little absurd [P15, Samsung Gear Fit user]
- 34.
- 35.
- 36. Trade-off between convenience andsurveillance
- 37.
- 39.
- 40. Privacy Motti, V. G.,& Caine, K. (2015, January). Users’ privacy concerns about wearables. In International Conference on Financial Cryptography and Data Security (pp. 231-244). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
- 41. Sustainability • Abandonment ratesare high • Battery • Obsolescence • Market is volatile • Thalmic Myo • Google Glass • Pebble Motti, V., & Caine, K. (2014, September). Understanding the wearability of head-mounted devices from a human-centered perspective. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM international symposium on wearable computers (pp. 83-86).
- 42. AI Motti, V. G.,& Caine, K. (2016, September). Smart Wearables or Dumb Wearables? Understanding how Context Impacts the UX in Wrist Worn Interaction. In Proceedings of the 34th ACM International Conference on the Design of Communication (pp. 1-10). • Machine learning • Activity Recognition • Bias • Diversity in datasets • Reliability • Precision and Accuracy
- 43. AI • Machine learning •Speech Recognition • Digital phenotyping • Abuse
- 44. External Validity Dian, C.,Wang, D., Zhang, Q., Zhao, R., & Yu, Y. (2020). Towards Domain-independent Complex and Fine-grained Gesture Recognition with RFID. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 4(ISS), 1-22.
- 45.
- 46. Batteryless Sensors &Self-Rechargeable Batteries • “Batteries are at once the best friend and the worst enemy of the IoT” • Batteryless and energy harvesting computing is a recent, exciting alternative promising decade-long maintenance-free deployments • Requires us to fundamentally change how we design small computing systems Hester, J., & Sorber, J. (2019). Batteries not included. XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students, 26(1), 23-27.
- 47. Google Solis –Microinteraction Gestures
- 48. E-Textiles Kan, V., etal. (2015). Social textiles: Social affordances and icebreaking interactions through wearable social messaging. In Ninth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (pp. 619-624).
- 49. Smart Skin Yokota, T.,Zalar, P., Kaltenbrunner, M., Jinno, H., Matsuhisa, N., Kitanosako, H., ... & Someya, T. (2016). Ultraflexible organic photonic skin. Science advances, 2(4), e1501856. Lee, H., Choi, T. K., Lee, Y. B., Cho, H. R., Ghaffari, R., Wang, L., ... & Choi, S. H. (2016). A graphene-based electrochemical device with thermoresponsive microneedles for diabetes monitoring and therapy. Nature nanotechnology, 11(6), 566-572.
- 50. Beauty Technology meetsArtificial Skin Kao, H. L., Mohan, M., Schmandt, C., Paradiso, J. A., & Vega, K. (2016, May). Chromoskin: Towards interactive cosmetics using thermochromic pigments. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 3703-3706).
- 51. Beauty Technology meetsArtificial Skin Kao, H. L., Mohan, M., Schmandt, C., Paradiso, J. A., & Vega, K. (2016, May). Chromoskin: Towards interactive cosmetics using thermochromic pigments. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 3703-3706).
- 52. Beauty Technology meetsArtificial Skin Luo, E., Fu, R., Chu, A., Vega, K., & Kao, H. L. (2020, September). Eslucent: an eyelid interface for detecting eye blinking. In Proceedings of the 2020 International Symposium on Wearable Computers (pp. 58-62).
- 53. Vujic, A., Tong,S., Picard, R., & Maes, P. (2020, October). Going with our Guts: Potentials of Wearable Electrogastrography (EGG) for Affect Detection. In Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction (pp. 260-268). Gut-Brain Interfaces
- 54. E-Ink Printed onthe Body? Choi, Y., Ryu, N., Kim, M. J., Dementyev, A., & Bianchi, A. (2020, October). BodyPrinter: Fabricating Circuits Directly on the Skin at Arbitrary Locations Using a Wearable Compact Plotter. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (pp. 554-564).
- 55. Beyond Wearables: ImplantedDevices "Ear On Arm", Stelarc, Venice International Performance Art Week 2016. Photographer: Piero Viti Excerpt extracted from: https://www.sleek- mag.com/article/stelarc-interview-posthumanism/ • Implantables • Embeddables • Ingestibles • Insertables https://www.kaylaheffernan.com/insertables
- 56. • Detection aidscan take the form of ingestible, sensor- bearing pills, microbioelectronic devices • developed to detect cancerous DNA, gases emitted by gut microbes, stomach bleeds, body temperature and oxygen levels • the sensors relay the data to apps for recording https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/digital- medicine-can-diagnose-and-treat-what-ails-you/ Insertable RFID and NFC chips Heffernan, K. J., Vetere, F., & Chang, S. (2015). Insertables: I've got it under my skin. interactions, 23(1), 52-56. Mueller, F. F., et al. (2020). Next Steps for Human-Computer Integration. In 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-15). Beyond Wearables: Nano Robots
- 57. Take away • Thereis a promising potential for wearables to be even closer to human lives and bodies • Opening up to a better understanding on how to truly augment humans • Utility is key to ensure adoption and sustained engagement • While augmenting human abilities becomes closer to full realization, it is important to do so carefully considering fairness, ethics, and trustworthiness
- 58. To conclude “Far outin the uncharted backwaters of the unfashionable end of the Western Spiral arm of the Galaxy lies a small unregarded yellow sun. Orbiting this at a distance of roughly ninety-eight million miles is an utterly insignificant little blue-green planet whose ape-descended life forms are so amazingly primitive that they still think digital watches are a pretty neat idea... This planet had a problem: people living on it were unhappy. Many solutions were suggested for this problem, but most of these were largely concerned with the movement of small green pieces of paper, which was odd because on the whole it wasn't the small green pieces of paper that were unhappy. And so the problem remained; lots of people were mean, and most of them were miserable, even the ones with digital watches.” Adapted from: Smith, N. (2013). The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy by Douglas Adams.
- 59. Acknowledgment • DHHS NIDILRRACL • NSF iCorps • NSF ABR • TeachAccess
- 60. References • Motti V.G.(2020) Introduction to Wearable Computers. In: Wearable Interaction. Human– Computer Interaction Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27111-4_1 • Evmenova, A. S., Graff, H. J., Genaro Motti, V., Giwa-Lawal, K., & Zheng, H. (2018). Designing a Wearable Technology Intervention to Support Young Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Inclusive Postsecondary Academic Environments. Journal of Special Education Technology, 0162643418795833. • Zheng, H., & Genaro Motti, V. (2018, April). Assisting Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Inclusive Education with Smartwatches. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (p. 350). ACM. • Zheng, H., & Motti, V. G. (2017, October). WeLi: A Smartwatch Application to Assist Students with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. In Proceedings of the 19th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (pp. 355-356). ACM. • Zheng, H., & Motti, V. G. (2017, July). Wearable Life: A Wrist-Worn Application to Assist Students in Special Education. In International Conference on Universal Access in Human- Computer Interaction (pp. 259-276). Springer, Cham.
- 61. Wear a maskQ+A Thank you! vmotti@gmu.edu springer.com 1sted. 2019, Approx. 150 p. 30 illus. in color. Vivian Genaro Motti Wearable Interaction Series: Human–Computer Interaction Series Offers readers a comprehensive view of wearable interaction Illustrated with up-to-date examples of wearable technologies Provides complementary perspectives on theory and practice Engages readers on thinking critically about the inherent trade-offs and priorities for design decisions on wearable interaction Combines contributions from scientific and commercial domains This book offers the reader a comprehensive view of the design space of wearable computers, cutting across multiple application domains and interaction modalities. Besides providing several examples of wearable technologies, Wearable Interaction illustrates how to create and to assess interactive wearables considering human factors in design decisions related to input entry and output responses. The book also discusses the impacts of form factors and contexts of use in the design of wearable interaction. Miniaturized components, flexible materials, and sewable electronics toolkits exemplify advances in technology that facilitated the design and development of wearable technologies. Despite such advances, creating wearable interfaces that are efficient is still challenging. The new affordances of on-body interfaces require the