Kertas 2, pep pertengahan tahun sbp 2011

4551/2 1 SULIT
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SULIT
4551/2
BIOLOGI
Peraturan Pemarkahan
Mei
2011
2 ½ jam
BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN
SEKOLAH BERASRAMA PENUH DAN SEKOLAH KECEMERLANGAN
KEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA
PEPERIKSAAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN
TINGKATAN LIMA 2011
BIOLOGI
Kertas 2
PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN
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4551/2 2 SULIT
PEPERIKSAAN PERTENGAHAN TAHUN TINGKATAN 5 [SBP] 2011
Answer scheme
Section A
Question 1
No Mark Scheme Sub
mark
Total
marks
1(a)(i) Able to name molecule P and structure R.
Sample answer
Molecule P : sodium ion / any example of ion
Structure R : hydrophilic head
1+1
2
(ii) Able state two characteristics of the plasma membrane based on
the model.
Sample answer
P1. (each) phospolipid has polar head / hydrophilic property
P2. (each) phospolipid has non-polar tail / hydrophobic property
P3. plasma membrane has various type of proteins / pore protein
and carrier protein.
P4. Plasma membrane have a fluid characteristic // flexible
Any two
1+1
2
(b)(i) Able to explain how glucose pass through structure S.
Sample answer
P1. The glucose will bind to the binding site of carrier protein / S
P2. The carrier protein changes its shape
P3. To allow glucose to cross the plasma membrane
P4: from higher concentration region to lower concentration region
Any two
1+1
2

4551/2 3 SULIT
(ii) Able to explain why the glucose cannot pass through structure Q.
Sample answer
P1. Size of glucose is too big / large (to pass through structure Q )
P2. Pore protein cannot change its shape
1+1
2
(c)(i) Able to state the definition of osmosis.
Sample answer
Movement / Diffusion of water (molecule) from hypotonic region to
hypertonic region through semi-permeable membrane. /
Movement / Diffusion of water (molecule) from higher concentration
of water to lower concentration of water across semi permeable
membrane /
Movement / Diffusion of water (molecule) from the region of low
concentration of solute to higher concentration of solute across
semi permeable membrane
1
1
(ii) Able to explain why food is preserved using concentrated sugar
solution.
Sample answer
P1. Concentrated glucose solution is hypertonic to the cell sap
P2. Water molecules diffuse out from the food/bacteria
P3. by osmosis (through plasma membrane)
P4. The food is dehydrated / lose water / not suitable for the growth
of bacteria
Any three
1+1+1
3
TOTAL 12

4551/2 4 SULIT
Question 2
No Mark Scheme Sub
mark
Total
marks
2(a) Able to state the type of skeleton of a fish
Answer :
Endoskeleton
1
1
(b) Able to label J, K and L
Sample answer
J: Dorsal fin
K: Pelvic fin
L: Pectoral fin
1+1+1
3
(c) Able to state the effect of the damage to the fish.
Sample answer:
P1: The fish will experience yawing / moving side way
P2 : It will also experience rolling / transverse plane movement
Any one
1
1
(d)(i) Able to explain the characteristic of muscle W
Sample Answer:
P1: Muscle W is an antagonistic muscle
P2: When muscle W on the left contract, the muscle on the right
relax // vice versa
1 + 1
2
(d)(ii) Able to complete muscle W
Sample Answer:
1+1
2
Vertebra
column
P1: The right muscle
must show contraction
P2: The left muscle
must show relaxation

4551/2 5 SULIT
(d)(iii) Able to explain the action of muscle W that enables the fish to
move
Sample answer
F: When the muscle W on the right side contracts, muscle W
on the left side relaxes
P1: The body moves towards the right side
P2: Alternating waves of contraction and relaxation pass down
from head to tail
P3: The tail moves / swings to the left
Any three
1 + 1+1
3
TOTAL 12
Question 3
No Mark Scheme Sub
mark
Total
marks
3(a)(i) Able to state the type of cell division which cell P and cell Q undergo.
Sample answer
Cell P : meiosis
Cell Q : mitosis
1+1
2
(ii) Able to state one importance of the cell division in cell P and cell Q.
Sample answer
Cell P : to produce gametes / to maintain diploid chromosomal
number of individual / to produce variation
Cell Q : to increase number of cell // produce identical cells // for
growth // to repair damage tissue / organ // for asexual reproduction //
regenaratio
1+1
2

4551/2 6 SULIT
(b)(i) Able to state one difference between chromosomal behavior at the
stage in cell P and cell Q .
Sample answer
Cell P (metaphase 1) Cell Q (metaphase)
Pairs of homologous
chromosomes / Bivalents align /
arrange at equator / metaphase
plate.
Chromosomes / sister
chromatids align / arrange at
equator /metaphase plate
1
1
(ii) Able to explain one importance of the chromosomal behaviour in cell
P.
Sample answer
P1. to separate chromosome evenly when anaphase 1 / next stage
occur
P2. produce daughter cell with chromosomal number n / haploid
P3 . crossing over causes variation
1+1
2
(c)(i) Able to explain why the ovum has 24 chromosomes
Sample answer
P1: Pairs of homologous chromosome / bivalents / sister chromatids
fail to separate // Non-disjunction in chromosome
P2: During meiosis/ meiosis I/ meiosis II/ anaphase I/ anaphase II
P3: Extra one chromosome in the ovum
Any two
1+1
2
(ii) Able to state the chromosomal number of the offspring
Answer
47
1
1

4551/2 7 SULIT
(d) Able to explain how radioactive rays can cause the formation of
cancerous cells.
Sample answer
P1: Cancer is a genetic disease
P2: Severe destruction to the cell cycle
P3: Uncontrolled mitosis
Any two
1+1
2
TOTAL 12
Question 4
No Mark scheme Sub
mark
Total
marks
4(a)(i) Able to state the function of tissue R and tissue S.
Sample answer :
Tissue R : Xylem
Tissue S : Phloem
1+1
2
(ii) Able to State two differences in the structure of tissue R and tissue
S.
Sample answer :
Xylem / tissue R Phloem / tissue S
Consists of sieve tubes and/ or
companion cells
Consists of xylem vessels and/
or tracheids
Has sieve plate on the sieve
tube
Hollow tube
The cell wall is not thickened
with lignin/ not lignified
The cell wall is thickened with
lignin/ lignified
Has thin layer of protoplasm No protoplasm
Any two
1+1
2

4551/2 8 SULIT
(b) Able to explain one adaptation of tissue R to carry out its function
in water transport efficiently .
Sample answer
Structure of xylem Explanation
P1: Tissue R consists of
(long) cells joined end to end //
hollow tube
E1: Allows water to flow in a
continuous column.
P2: The end walls of xylem
vessels have broken down.
E2: To give an uninterrupted
flow of water from roots to the
leave.// allows water to flow in
a continuous column
P3: There are pits (at
particular points in the lignified
wall )
E3: To permit lateral flow of
water
P4: The walls are impregnated/
thickened with lignin // lignified
E4: To prevent them
collapsing (under the large
tension forces set up by the
transpiration pull.)
Any P with correct E
1 +1
2
(c) Able to explain how this process helps to prevent the occurrence of
overheating in plants.
Sample answer
P1 : (when the water reach the leaves,) water is convert to water
vapour
P2 : water vapour diffuse out through stoma
P3 : thus, the plant loses heat
P4 : causes the cooling effect on the plant // reduces temperature
of the plant
Any three
1+1+1
3

4551/2 9 SULIT
(d)(i) Able to complete Diagram 4.2 by drawing in box provided, to show
the tree after three months of the ring bark removed.
Sample answer
Drawing : swelling on the upper part of ring 1mark
1
1
(ii) Able the explain the answer in d(i)
Sample answer:
P1. because the organic (food) substances / glucose / sucrose
accumulates at this part of the stem.
P2. cannot be transported below the ring / downwards
P3. because the phloem is removed.
Any two
1+1
2
TOTAL 12
Question 5
No Mark Scheme Sub
mark
Total
Marks
5(a) Able to name the respiratory organs of organism P and Q.
Sample answer
Organism P : lung
Organism Q : gill
1+1
2
(b) Able to explain a characteristic which X and Y have in common in
their function to increase the efficiency for gaseous exchange.
Sample answer
Characteristic (C) Explanation (E)
C1: have many / numerous
tiny structures // human has
many alveolus and fish has
E1 : to increase total surface
( area per volume )
1+1
1 ,1

4551/2 10 SULIT
many filaments / lamellas
C2: surrounded by many/very
dense network of blood
capillaries
E2 : for efficient transport of
gases.
C3: One cell thick (wall) E3 : for diffusion of gases to be
more efficient
C4: Moist surface E4 : the gases easily
dissolved in the moist ,
diffusion of gases more
efficient
Any C with correspond E
2
(c) Able to explain briefly how oxygen supplied to the body cells of
organism P is faster than to body cells of organism Q.
Sample answer :
P1 : Transport of oxygen / oxygenated blood in organism P is at a
high pressure
P2 : since it is pumped out of the heart to all body tissues)
P3 : but oxygenated blood in fish / organism Y is at a lower
pressure ,
P4 : that is from gills to body tissues.
Any three
1+1+1
3
(d) Able to Explain how smoking may reduce the efficiency of the
function of structure X
Sample answer :
P1 : Smoke from burning cigarette contains carcinogens/carbon
monoxide / benzo-alpha-pyrene / tar /nicotine ( carcinogenic
substances)
P2: destruct the cell cycle
P3: leads to lung cancer
Or
1+1+1

4551/2 11 SULIT
P1 : Particles of carbon / tar /other suitable substances from
cigarette smoke
P2 : that logged / deposited / accumulated in the lungs
P3 : leads to black lung
Or
P1 Carbon dioxide compete with oxygen to combine with
haemoglobin
P2: less oxygen combine with haemoglobin to form
oxyhaemoglobin //carbon dioxide combine with haemoglobin to
form carbaminohaemoglobin
P3: difficulty in breathing
Or
P1: Heat from smoke
P2: Dry the surface of alveolus
P3: Oxygen cannot be dissolved
Any one group
3
(e) Able to state two importance of the respiratory system to living
organism.
Sample answer:
P1 : to supply / transport oxygen to the tissues
P2 : to transport / remove carbon dioxide from the tissue
Any two
1+1
2
TOTAL 12

4551/2 12 SULIT
Section B
Question 6
No Mark Scheme Sub
mark
Total
Marks
6 (a) Able to explain the role of X in digestion based on the following
criteria
 Function as a gland
 Name of any one enzyme secreted
 Site of enzyme
 What happens in the duodenum
 Example specific enzyme reaction
Sample answer
P1: (organ P is pancreas ) secretes pancreatic juice
P2: containing lipase / amylase / trypsin enzyme
P3: (secretes ) into the duodenum
P4: Lipase hydrolyses lipids to fatty acids and glycerol / Amylase
hydrolyses starch to maltose /Trypsin hydrolyses peptones /
polypeptide to peptides
Any four
Max 4
4
(b) Able to explain the assimilation of digested food of glucose , amino
acids and lipids
Sample answer
Glucose
P1: Excess of glucose (in the blood) is converted to glycogen (and
stored)
P2: by insulin
P3: When glucose level in blood is low glycogen is converted to
glucose
P4: by glucagon
P5: Excess of glycogen is converted to lipids
P6: glucose is oxidized to release energy (in cellular respiration)
Max 6

4551/2 13 SULIT
Any two
Amino acid
P7: Synthesis of plasma protein (from amino acids)
P8: Excess amino acids are deaminated into urea / uric acid
P9: Is used to synthesize new protoplasm/ repair of damaged
tissues
P10: Is used to synthesize enzymes/antibodies/hormones
Any two
Lipids
P11: Excess lipids is stored in adipose tissues
P12: Phospholipids / cholesterol make up the plasma membrane
P13: Synthesis of hormones
P14: Acts as body insulator
Any two 6
(c)(i) Able to determine the total energy value taken by the girl per day.
Answer
15800KJ
1
1
(c)(ii) Able to justify whether the girl has consumed a balanced diet and
give a reason
Answer
No.
The calorie taken is more than the daily requirement
1 +1
2

4551/2 14 SULIT
(c)(iii) Able to explain the consequence to take the same menu everyday
for a long time.
Sample Answer
Justification Consequences
P1: Highly rich in
carbohydrate
E1: Diabetes mellitus
E2: Excess glucose in blood
P2: Highly rich in lipids / fats /
cholesterol
E3: Obesity / heart attack /
arteriosclerosis / angina
E4: Increase in body weight
(drastically)
E5: Blockage in the blood
vessels
P3: Lack of fibre E6: Constipation/ hemorrhoid /
bowel cancer
E7: Faeces move slowly
through the colon
P4: Lack of vitamins E8: Any disease related to
deficiency of vitamins
P5; Highly intake of protein E9: Gout
E10:Accumulation of uric acid
at the joint
Any seven
Max 7
7
TOTAL 20

4551/2 15 SULIT
Question 7
No Mark Scheme Sub
mark
Total
Marks
(a) Able to explain the importance of the characteristics found in
blood vessel X.
Answer
F1: Thick (muscular) wall
P1: To withstand the high pressure
F2: Small lumen
P2: To transport blood at high pressure
Max 4
4
(b) Able to explain how edema can happen
Answer
P1: Edema is the swollen of the body tissues
P2: As too much fluid is retained
P3: When the lymphatic vessel is blocked
P4: Excess fluid cannot be returned to the bloodstream
P5: Causes accumulation of interstitial fluid
P6: in the spaces between the cells
Max 6
6
(c)(i) Able to explain the immunity given to individual P
Sample Answer:
F1: Individual P is given artificially acquired active immunity
P1: Individual P is given an injection of vaccine
P2: which is a preparation of weakened / dead or non-virulent
forms of pathogen (that is not harmful)
P3: (The injected vaccine stimulates the lymphocytes to produce
Antibodies
P4: The first injection results inthe production of a low level of
Max 6

4551/2 16 SULIT
antibody concentration
P5: Not enough to protect the person against the disease.
P6: The second injection increases the antibody production to a
level of immunity
P7: So that he can beprotected against the disease.
P8: The second injection is known as booster dose
Any six 6
(c)(iii) Able to explain how the injection of antiserum could save the
boy.
Sample Answer
F : Snake venom / toxin acts as antigen to our body
P1: anti serum contains antibodies / anti-toxin
P2: Antibody-antigen action occurs very fast
P3: Antitoxin/ antibody reacts with / neutralizes the toxin / snake
venom/ antigen/ he is saved.
P4: However, the immunity given is temporary / not long lasting
Any four
Max 4
4
TOTAL 20

4551/2 17 SULIT
Question 8
No Mark scheme
Sub
Mark
Total
Marks
8 (a)(i)
Able to explain how the knee-jerk reflex occurs.
Sample answer
P1: the knee cap is struck by a reflex hammer,
P2: the stretch receptor in the muscle is stimulated.
P3: This generates nerve impulses
P4: then, impulse is transmitted along the afferent neurone
P5: towards the spinal cord
P6: via the dorsal root
P7: In the spinal cord, the nerve impulses are transmitted
from the afferent neurone to efferent neurone
P8: The efferent neurone transmit the nerve impulses from
the spinal cord to the effector / thigh`s quadriceps
P9: Muscle / thigh`s quadriceps contracts
P10: jerking the leg forward
Any eight
Max 8
8
8(a)(ii)
Able to explain what will happen if the knee is tapped with a
reflex hammer again.
Sample answer
F1: Afferent neurone damaged
P1: impulse from receptor cannot be transmitted to spinal
cord
P2: no impulse can be sent via efferent neurone
P3 : muscles (effector) do not contract// no knee-jerk
Max 4

4551/2 18 SULIT
F2: Efferent neurone damaged
E4: impulse from receptor can be transmitted to spinal cord
E5: impulse cannot be transmitted via the efferent neurone
E6: muscles (effector) do not contract// no knee-jerk
Any four
4
TOTAL 20
Question 9
No Mark scheme
Sub
Mark
Total
Marks
9 (a)
Able to explain the effects of the pollution to the environment
Sample answer
P1: Increases of an accident because low visibility of sight
P2: Reduce rate of photosynthesis because low light
Intensity
P3: Formation of acid rain because an emission of Oxide of
Nitrogen/ Sulphur dioxide
P4: Acid rain may corrode buildings
P5: Increases respiratory diseases / eyes irritation because
of high suspended particles in the air.
P6: The formation of green house effect because of high
emission of green house gases / carbon dioxide / nitrogen
oxide / sulfur dioxide
P7: Lead to global warming
Any five
Max
10

4551/2 19 SULIT
Able to suggest measures to be taken to reduce this pollution
Sample answer
P1: Use public transport / car pooling to reduce the emission
of smoke
P2: Campaigns / education to instill awareness of the
importance of ecosystem
P3: Install catalytic converter / filter at the factory chimney to
convert hazardous gases into harmless substances
P4: Use natural gas vehicles / solar car to reduce the
emission of smoke from exhaust of vehicles
P5: Use incinerator instead of open burning to reduce
emission of smoke
P6: Law enforcement to punish offender
P7: Use unleaded petrol to reduce the incomplete
combustion of fossil fuels / emission of lead into environment
P8: Treat toxic waste before discharging them into
environment to convert hazardous substances into harmless
substances
Any five
10
(b)
Able to discuss the bad effects of the deforestation.
Sample answer
P1: (When the forest is cleared), the soil is exposed to rain /
water / wind
P2: leads to soil erosion
P3: No more root to anchor soil at the hill slopes
P4: that will result in land slides
P5: Wild species / flora and fauna will be threatened
Max
10

4551/2 20 SULIT
P6: as their habitat is destroyed
P7: Extinction of flora and fauna
P8: The deposited soil will cause the water level to increase
(rapidly)
P9: that leads to flash flood
P10: Lost of valuable resources such as timber / medicine
plants
P11: Water catchment areas will be destroyed
P12: Food web will be disrupted
P13: Disrupt the nitrogen cycle / carbon cycle
Any five
Able to discuss the good effects of the deforestation.
Sample answer
P1: (Urbanization) provides more job opportunities
P2: Increase educational level by building more education
centre ( like schools, colleges and universities)
P3: Reduce travelling time by building highways
P4: Increase / improve the economic status
P5: Improve living condition
P6: Good sanitation system
Any five
10
TOTAL 20
PERATURAN PERMARKAHAN TAMAT

Kertas 2, pep pertengahan tahun sbp 2011

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Kertas 2, pep pertengahan tahun sbp 2011