Earth's orbit is elliptical rather than circular, with the Sun located at one of the two foci points of the ellipse. Kepler's laws describe Earth's orbit, stating that it sweeps out equal areas in equal times and its orbital period squared is proportional to its average distance from the Sun cubed. While Earth orbits the Sun, both actually orbit around their common center of mass or barycenter, which is shifted slightly towards the Sun due to its greater mass.
Math is used in everything you see, including space. This presentation is about how mathematics were used in Kepler's Laws on Planetary Motion, plus how Gauss used those laws. This was made for The Cincinnati Observatory's annual ScopeOut event.
Math is used in everything you see, including space. This presentation is about how mathematics were used in Kepler's Laws on Planetary Motion, plus how Gauss used those laws. This was made for The Cincinnati Observatory's annual ScopeOut event.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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3. Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
Kepler based his three laws of planetary
motion on the earlier foundations provided
by Copernicus
Kepler was the assistant to Tycho Brahe
Brahe afraid that Kepler would surpass
him assigned him the daunting task of
solving Mars orbit. This Martian data was
the key piece needed to solve the motion
of all the planets
4. Kepler’s Laws…
Johannes Kepler,
working with data
painstakingly
collected by Tycho
Brahe (from 1576-
1601) without the aid
of a telescope,
developed three laws
which described the
motion of the planets
across the sky.
Unless otherwise noted, the info on the slides on Kepler’s laws was taken from the
following website: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/kepler.html
http://www.nmspacemuseum.org/halloffame/images.php?image_id=131
5. II. A-1.Kepler’s First Law…
• The Law of Orbits or Law of Ellipses: All planets
move in elliptical orbits, with the sun at one
focus.
• An ellipse is an oval shape that is centered on
two points (called foci) instead of a single point.
6. What is an ellipse?
• An ellipse has two foci.
• An ellipse has two axes.
– The long one is called the major axis
• Half of it is called a semi-major axis
– The short one is called the minor axis.
8. Orbital Period
• The orbital period of a planet is the length
of time it takes for it to travel a complete
orbit around the sun. (a year!)
9. Orbit Eccentricity…
The eccentricity of an ellipse can be defined as the ratio
of the distance between the foci to the major axis of the
ellipse. The more eccentric an orbit, the more of an oval
it is.
The eccentricity is zero for a circle.
Pluto (no longer considered a planet by astronomers)
has a large eccentricity.
http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID=175
11. Kepler’s Second Law…
• The Law of Areas: A line that connects a planet to
the sun sweeps out equal areas in equal times.
http://www.mathacademy.com/pr/prime/articles/kepler/index.asp
12. • Planets move fastest when they are at
their closest point to the Sun (called
perihelion) and slowest when they are at
their farthest point from the Sun (called
aphelion).
13. Kepler’s Third Law…
• The Law of Periods: The square of the period of any planet
is proportional to the cube of the semimajor axis of its orbit.
• This law arises from the law of gravitation. Newton first
formulated the law of gravitation from Kepler's 3rd law.
14. .
• What does this mean? This means that if
you know how much time a planet's orbit
around the Sun takes, you can easily
know it's average distance from the Sun,
or vice-versa!
• The closer a planet is to the Sun, the less
time it takes for the planet’s orbit.
15. • Kepler's Third Law is written like
this: P2=a3
• P=the orbital period in Earth years
• A= the length of the semimajor
axis (average distance from the
Sun) in Astronomical Units.
16. Barycenter and Earth’s Orbit…
• The law of universal
gravitation states…
– that every pair of
bodies in the universe
attract each other with
a force that is…
• proportional to the
product of their masses
and
• inversely proportional to
the square of the
distance between them.
17. Barycenter and Earth’s Orbit…
• A planet, such as Earth, actually orbits…
– a point between it and the Sun called the
center of mass
– This center of mass is called the barycenter.
http://www.barewalls.com/pv-605547_Barycenter-Diagram.html
18. Barycenter
• This is the point
between 2 objects
where they balance
each other.
• It is the center mass
where two or more
celestial bodies orbit
each other.
• The sun although the
center of the universe
is not stationary, it
moves as other
planet’s gravity “tug”
on it. But it never
strays too far from the
solar system’s
barycenter.
19. • The Effect of the Moon
• The moon has a noticeable effect on the
earth in the form of tides, but it also affects
the motion and orbit of the earth. The
moon does not orbit the center of the
earth, rather, they both revolve around the
center of their masses called the
barycenter. This is illustrated in the
following animation.