Math is used in everything you see, including space. This presentation is about how mathematics were used in Kepler's Laws on Planetary Motion, plus how Gauss used those laws. This was made for The Cincinnati Observatory's annual ScopeOut event.
Math is used in everything you see, including space. This presentation is about how mathematics were used in Kepler's Laws on Planetary Motion, plus how Gauss used those laws. This was made for The Cincinnati Observatory's annual ScopeOut event.
Johannes Kepler was a influential scientist/mathematician/astronomer in the Renaissance era and made many changes not only in the field of astronomy, but in mathethematics and optics as well.
In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion are three scientific laws describing the motion of planets around the Sun, published by Johannes Kepler.
Johannes Kepler was a influential scientist/mathematician/astronomer in the Renaissance era and made many changes not only in the field of astronomy, but in mathethematics and optics as well.
In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion are three scientific laws describing the motion of planets around the Sun, published by Johannes Kepler.
COPERNICAN-REVOLUTION-The idea that the Earth, and by extension humanity.pptxSALAZARJohnVincentC
The Copernican principle, named after the astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, is a fundamental concept in physical cosmology.T he idea that the Earth, and by extension humanity, does not occupy a privileged place in the universe is known as the Copernican Principle.
Newton and his universal theory of universal gravitation. This Project explains what this theory is, how Newton proposed it and some other information about Isaac Newton.
Professor’s Questions Set 2Provide comprehensive answers to th.docxwkyra78
Professor’s Questions Set 2
Provide comprehensive answers to the following questions. Remember to support your arguments where necessary by websites and pictures.
1. Why did early Astronomers conclude that Earth had to be motionless?
2. How did the Ptolemaic model explain retrograde motion?
3. Why did Greek astronomers conclude that the heavens were made up of perfect crystalline spheres moving at constant speed?
4. In what way were the models of Ptolemy and Copernicus similar?
5. Why did Copernican hypothesis win gradual acceptance?
6. Explain how Kepler’s law contradict uniform circular motion?
7. How did Newton’s law lead you to conclude that gravitation has to be universal?
8. What are the two factors that depend on the orbital motion of the moon?
9. Galileo was condemned by inquisition, but Kepler, also a supporter of Copernicus was not. Why not?
10. What contributions did Johannes Kepler make to Astronomy?
Michael Seeds
Dana Backman
Chapter 3
The Origin of Modern Astronomy
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The passions of astronomy
are no less profound
because they are not noisy.
- JOHN STEINBECK
The Short Reign of Pippin IV
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If you are concerned about the environment, you owe a debt to the 16th century Polish astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus. He proposed that Earth is not the center of the universe, but just one of the planets that circle the sun. His theory made Earth part of the cosmos and led to the modern understanding of humanity’s place among all the creatures of Earth.
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As you read about Copernicus and his theory, you will see astronomers struggling with two related problems:The place of EarthThe motion of the planets
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That struggle led Galileo before the Inquisition.It also led Isaac Newton to discover gravity.
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As you read about the birth of modern astronomy, notice that it is also the story of the invention of science as a way to know about the world we live in.
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Before Copernicus, the world seemed filled with mysterious influences.After Newton, scientists understood that the world is described by natural laws that are open to human study. The mysteries of nature are mysteries because they are unknown—not because they are unknowable.
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Astronomy Before CopernicusTo understand why Copernicus’s model was so important, you first need to backtrack to ancient Greece and meet the two great authorities of ancient astronomy:Aristotle, the brilliant philosopherClaudius Ptolemy, a later follower of Aristotle’s principles
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First, you should remember that the terms solar system, galaxy, and universe have very different meanings.You know now that our solar system is your very local neighborhood—much smaller than the Milky Way Galaxy.Milky Way, in turn, is tiny compared with the observable universe.
Astronomy Before Copernicus
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However, from ancient times up through Copernicus’s day, it was thought that the whole uni ...
2. • Born: (1571-12-27)December 27, 1571
• Died : November 15, 1630(1630-11-15) (aged 58)
• Residence: Germany
• Nationality: German
• Fields: Astronomy, astrology, mathematics and natural
philosophy .
Institutions: University of Linz
• Known for: Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Kepler conjecture
3. • Johannes Kepler was a German mathematician, astronomer and
astrologer. A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is
best known for his eponymous laws of planetary motion, codified by
later astronomers, based on his works Astronomia
nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astronomy.
These works also provided one of the foundations for Isaac
Newton's theory of universal gravitation.
• During his career, Kepler was a mathematics teacher at a seminary
school in Graz, Austria, where he became an associate of Prince
Hans Ulrich von Eggenberg. Later he became an assistant to
astronomer Tycho Brahe, and eventually the imperial mathematician
to Emperor Rudolf II and his two successors Matthias and Ferdinand
II. He was also a mathematics teacher in Linz, Austria, and an
adviser to General Wallenstein. Additionally, he did fundamental
work in the field of optics, invented an improved version of the
refracting telescope (the Keplerian Telescope), and mentioned the
telescopic discoveries of his contemporary Galileo Galilei.
4. • Kepler lived in an era when there was no clear
distinction between astronomy and astrology, but
there was a strong division between astronomy (a
branch of mathematics within the liberal arts) and
physics (a branch of natural philosophy). Kepler also
incorporated religious arguments and reasoning into
his work, motivated by the religious conviction and
belief that God had created the world according to an
intelligible plan that is accessible through the natural
light of reason. Kepler described his new astronomy as
"celestial physics", as "an excursion into Aristotle's
Metaphysics", and as "a supplement to Aristotle's On
the Heavens", transforming the ancient tradition of
physical cosmology by treating astronomy as part of a
universal mathematical physics.
5. Kepler’s law of motion
In astronomy, Kepler's laws of
planetary motion are three
scientific laws describing orbital
motion, each giving a description
of the motion of planets around
the Sun.
6. Kepler's laws are:
• The orbit of every planet is an ellipse
with the Sun at one of the two foci.
• A line joining a planet and the Sun
sweeps out equal areas during equal
intervals of time.
• The square of the orbital period of a
planet is directly proportional to the
cube of the semi-major axis of its
orbit.
7. LAW OF ORBITS
All planets move in elliptical orbits, with the
sun at one focus.
8. This is one of Kepler's laws. The
elliptical shape of the orbit is a
result of the inverse square force
of gravity. The eccentricity of the
ellipse is greatly exaggerated here.
9. Orbit Eccentricity
The eccentricity of an ellipse can be
defined as the ratio of the distance
between the foci to the major axis of
the ellipse. The eccentricity is zero for
a circle. Of the planetary orbits, only
Pluto has a large eccentricity.
10. The Law of Areas
A line that connects a planet to
the sun sweeps out equal areas in
equal times.
11. This is one of Kepler's laws.This
empirical law discovered by Kepler
arises from conservation of angular
momentum. When the planet is
closer to the sun, it moves
faster, sweeping through a longer
path in a given time.
12. The Law of Periods
The square of the period
of any planet is
proportional to the cube
of the axis of its orbit.
13.
14. This is one of Kepler's laws.This law arises from the law of gravitation.
Newton first formulated the law of gravitation from Kepler's 3rd law.
15. Kepler's Law of Periods in the
above form is an approximation
that serves well for the orbits of
the planets because the Sun's mass
is so dominant. But more precisely
the law should be written
16. In this more rigorous form it is
useful for calculation of the orbital
period of moons or other binary
orbits like those of binary stars.