Kazakhstan and Central Asia Information in Transboundary Water Cooperation - The Value of National IWRM and Water Efficiency Plans (Tim Hannan) - Powerpoint - 160kb
Areas of Good Potential for Regional Cooperation on Improving Water Management: Water use efficiency. Education and training. Monitoring and information.
The document discusses harmonizing data and conceptual models for the Kalahari Karoo / Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer system shared by Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. It emphasizes developing common terminology for geological formations and groundwater classifications. Visualization tools like thematic maps, cross-sections, and diagrams are proposed to improve understanding of the aquifer system. A list of 20 proposed indicators for monitoring groundwater resources, legal/institutional frameworks, and human/ecosystem dependency are presented. National data will be collected and harmonized to develop a shared conceptual model and maps to support sustainable governance of the transboundary aquifer.
This document discusses assessing the Kalahari Karoo/Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer. It provides definitions for aquifer assessment, which involves considering all facts about the aquifer and making judgements about its current state and likely future conditions. The assessment uses 20 indicators across 6 categories to evaluate key aquifer properties, the role of groundwater, changes in state over time, drivers and pressures, the enabling environment, and management implementation. Projections will be made for indicators like renewable resources, human dependency, population density and stress for 2030 and 2050 to understand anticipated future conditions of the aquifer.
The two countries in southern Africa have classic configuration of being located in transboundary basins. There are many similarities as regards their interdependence on riparians. The presentation summarises possible complementarity and consistency in transboundary water management. The findings are based on almost 30 months of work in the region.
THE PERSPECTIVES IN FRONT OF REPUBLIC OF SERBIA FOR ACHIEVING EUROPEAN ECOLOG...Emil Hristov
The document discusses perspectives for Serbia to achieve European ecological standards. It outlines Serbia's water management strategy, which aims to establish harmonized water management and integrate water resources management. The strategy covers objectives and measures for water use, protection, and management from now until 2034, and projects funding needs to implement measures to improve water management. Climate change is also projected to increase temperatures and affect precipitation patterns in Serbia.
Inter-governmental & Expert Consultations for Information Exchange on Shared ...FAO
Inter-governmental & Expert Consultations for Information Exchange on Shared Water Resources
in the Arab Region: Lessons Learned & Good Practices from the Preparation of the ESCWA-BGR Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia Carol By Chouchani Cherfane, Chief, Water Resources Section Sustainable Development & Productivity Division, UN-ESCWA, Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
This document outlines the objectives, structure, and progress of a project to improve governance of transboundary aquifers. The project aims to enhance cooperation and water security for three aquifers: the Trifinio Aquifer between El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras; the Pretashkent Aquifer between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan; and the Stampriet Aquifer between Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. The project will assess the aquifers, strengthen country cooperation, and develop long-term management strategies through a two-component approach of building scientific understanding and reaching agreements on governance.
This presentation was given at the Catchment Management Network meeting on February 3rd 2017. The Catchment Management Network consists of the EPA, all of Ireland's Local Authorities, and other public bodies involved in looking after Ireland's catchments, sub-catchments and water bodies. For more information about this work see www.catchments.ie
This document provides an overview of Maryland wetland laws and the process for obtaining permits for work impacting wetlands and waterways from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Maryland Department of the Environment. It defines key terms like wetlands and regulated waters. It explains the three-parameter approach used to identify wetlands. It also summarizes several important U.S. Supreme Court rulings that influence the extent of federal regulation. The presentation outlines the joint federal and state permitting process and criteria for approval, including requirements for mitigation. It notes the need to consider other state and local laws governing issues like stormwater management and erosion control.
The document discusses harmonizing data and conceptual models for the Kalahari Karoo / Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer system shared by Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. It emphasizes developing common terminology for geological formations and groundwater classifications. Visualization tools like thematic maps, cross-sections, and diagrams are proposed to improve understanding of the aquifer system. A list of 20 proposed indicators for monitoring groundwater resources, legal/institutional frameworks, and human/ecosystem dependency are presented. National data will be collected and harmonized to develop a shared conceptual model and maps to support sustainable governance of the transboundary aquifer.
This document discusses assessing the Kalahari Karoo/Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer. It provides definitions for aquifer assessment, which involves considering all facts about the aquifer and making judgements about its current state and likely future conditions. The assessment uses 20 indicators across 6 categories to evaluate key aquifer properties, the role of groundwater, changes in state over time, drivers and pressures, the enabling environment, and management implementation. Projections will be made for indicators like renewable resources, human dependency, population density and stress for 2030 and 2050 to understand anticipated future conditions of the aquifer.
The two countries in southern Africa have classic configuration of being located in transboundary basins. There are many similarities as regards their interdependence on riparians. The presentation summarises possible complementarity and consistency in transboundary water management. The findings are based on almost 30 months of work in the region.
THE PERSPECTIVES IN FRONT OF REPUBLIC OF SERBIA FOR ACHIEVING EUROPEAN ECOLOG...Emil Hristov
The document discusses perspectives for Serbia to achieve European ecological standards. It outlines Serbia's water management strategy, which aims to establish harmonized water management and integrate water resources management. The strategy covers objectives and measures for water use, protection, and management from now until 2034, and projects funding needs to implement measures to improve water management. Climate change is also projected to increase temperatures and affect precipitation patterns in Serbia.
Inter-governmental & Expert Consultations for Information Exchange on Shared ...FAO
Inter-governmental & Expert Consultations for Information Exchange on Shared Water Resources
in the Arab Region: Lessons Learned & Good Practices from the Preparation of the ESCWA-BGR Inventory of Shared Water Resources in Western Asia Carol By Chouchani Cherfane, Chief, Water Resources Section Sustainable Development & Productivity Division, UN-ESCWA, Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
This document outlines the objectives, structure, and progress of a project to improve governance of transboundary aquifers. The project aims to enhance cooperation and water security for three aquifers: the Trifinio Aquifer between El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras; the Pretashkent Aquifer between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan; and the Stampriet Aquifer between Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa. The project will assess the aquifers, strengthen country cooperation, and develop long-term management strategies through a two-component approach of building scientific understanding and reaching agreements on governance.
This presentation was given at the Catchment Management Network meeting on February 3rd 2017. The Catchment Management Network consists of the EPA, all of Ireland's Local Authorities, and other public bodies involved in looking after Ireland's catchments, sub-catchments and water bodies. For more information about this work see www.catchments.ie
This document provides an overview of Maryland wetland laws and the process for obtaining permits for work impacting wetlands and waterways from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Maryland Department of the Environment. It defines key terms like wetlands and regulated waters. It explains the three-parameter approach used to identify wetlands. It also summarizes several important U.S. Supreme Court rulings that influence the extent of federal regulation. The presentation outlines the joint federal and state permitting process and criteria for approval, including requirements for mitigation. It notes the need to consider other state and local laws governing issues like stormwater management and erosion control.
Transboundary Diagnostic Anaylsis: The Mediterreanean RegionIwl Pcu
Objective: To scale the relative importance of sources and causes, both immediate and root, of the problems of transboundary ‘waters’.
To identify potential preventive and remedial actions.
Managing a Wild and Scenic River - The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and Compreh...rshimoda2014
This course presents agency responsibilities for managing a designated wild and scenic rivers (WSR). The content of this course is derived from Wild and Scenic River Management Responsibilities (March 2002), a technical report of the Interagency Wild and Scenic Rivers Council (Council) (www.rivers.gov/publications.html).
Participation will result in increased understanding of the protection requirements associated with managing a designated WSR, and of the contents and key elements of a comprehensive river management plan (CRMP). This increased foundation will result in greater protection of each river’s values through development of its CRMP.
After completing this course, participants will be able to:
• Understand the provisions of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (WSRA) that guide management of a designated WSR.
• Share the management implications of designation within the river-administering agency and with local, federal and state governments, tribal governments, landowners and nongovernmental organizations.
• Provide guidance for decision makers relative to proposed projects and new decisions on federal lands prior to completion of the CRMP.
• Know the general contents and key elements of a CRMP.
• Develop an integrated approach for preparation of a CRMP.
Participants will increase their knowledge in:
• Protections provided in the WSRA.
• The application of the protect and enhance mandate of Section 10(a) to interim management and development of a CRMP.
• How to evaluate a proposed project or new decision on federal land prior to completion of a CRMP.
• How to prepare a detailed river corridor boundary.
• The protection and decision framework of a CRMP.
• How to prepare a CRMP.
This document discusses communication strategies for managing groundwater resources in the Syr Darya transboundary basin. It emphasizes that communication is important for building understanding and trust between stakeholders. An effective strategy requires understanding audience needs and using tailored approaches. The IW LEARN program supports knowledge sharing across international waters projects and has resources that can help, including its online platform and communities of practice. Developing a strong outreach strategy requires considering cultural factors and linking with other relevant initiatives.
Musseling Through State and Federal Regulations on Threatened and Endangered ...The Texas Network, LLC
1) There are significant data gaps in knowledge of freshwater mussel occurrences and life histories in Texas that hamper conservation efforts. Several state-listed and candidate federal species lack basic host fish data.
2) State and federal regulations provide authority to require mussel surveys for water projects but additional guidance is needed. Proposed federal critical habitat rules and future listings of candidate mussel species could significantly impact water projects.
3) Coordination between agencies and stakeholders is ongoing to understand mussel distribution, address data deficiencies, and minimize regulatory impacts of potential listings. Standardized survey methods and a central database are needed.
This presentation was given at the Catchment Management Network meeting on February 24th 2017. The Catchment Management Network consists of the EPA, all of Ireland's Local Authorities, and other public bodies involved in looking after Ireland's catchments, sub-catchments and water bodies. For more information about this work see www.catchments.ie
Public participation experience in Central Asia (Ulzhan Kanzhigalina) - Power...Iwl Pcu
OBJECTIVES: Support and promote community initiatives in participatory problem solving.
Create local entities that can sustainably support, promote community development initiatives and protect citizens' interests.
1) The document provides information about PT Astra Honda Motor, including their welcome messages, company details, vision, mission, production figures, and locations of various facilities.
2) It details the company's production processes, types of motorcycles produced, factory layouts and capacities of three main plants in Sunter, Pegangsaan and Cikarang Barat.
3) Additional facilities mentioned include a Dies Manufacturing Division, Parts Center, Test Course, and Training Center.
Strategi proses merupakan pendekatan organisasi untuk mengubah sumber daya menjadi barang dan jasa dengan cara produksi terbaik yang memenuhi persyaratan pelanggan dan spesifikasi produk dalam batasan biaya. Terdapat empat strategi proses yaitu fokus pada proses, fokus berulang, fokus pada produk, dan fokus pada mass customization. Mass customization memberikan variasi produk secara cepat dan murah seperti manufaktur bervolume rendah namun dengan bi
The document discusses key concepts in supply chain management. It defines supply chain management as integrating activities involved in procuring materials, transforming them into products, and delivering products to customers. It also discusses how supply chain decisions impact business strategies like low-cost, differentiation, and responsiveness strategies. The document notes that supply chains present risks and outlines ways to mitigate risks in processes, controls, and the operating environment. Finally, it discusses ethics, sustainability, and economics in supply chain management.
Babakan dokumen membahas tentang penentuan lokasi perusahaan, termasuk faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi keputusan lokasi, metode evaluasi alternatif lokasi, dan strategi lokasi pelayanan jasa.
Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan metode transportasi dalam pembuatan keputusan lokasi pabrik atau gudang.
The document discusses how people spend their time on average over a 70 year lifespan. It estimates that the average person spends 25 years sleeping, 8 years in education, 6 years resting or ill, 7 years on holidays and recreation, 5 years commuting, and 4 years eating. This only leaves 2 years for effective work. It then discusses various myths and culprits of wasting time, such as procrastination, distractions, poor planning, and interruptions. Finally, it provides tips for effective time management, including prioritizing tasks, starting important tasks immediately, reducing meeting time, developing time management skills, and learning to say no.
Six Sigma - Managemen Internasional - MM Universitas Trisakti Jakartawendyanbiya
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang manajemen kualitas dengan pendekatan Six Sigma. Secara singkat, Six Sigma adalah metodologi untuk mengurangi variasi proses dan kesalahan dengan menggunakan alat statistik secara intensif guna meningkatkan kualitas produk dan kepuasan pelanggan."
Transboundary Diagnostic Anaylsis: The Mediterreanean RegionIwl Pcu
Objective: To scale the relative importance of sources and causes, both immediate and root, of the problems of transboundary ‘waters’.
To identify potential preventive and remedial actions.
Managing a Wild and Scenic River - The Wild and Scenic Rivers Act and Compreh...rshimoda2014
This course presents agency responsibilities for managing a designated wild and scenic rivers (WSR). The content of this course is derived from Wild and Scenic River Management Responsibilities (March 2002), a technical report of the Interagency Wild and Scenic Rivers Council (Council) (www.rivers.gov/publications.html).
Participation will result in increased understanding of the protection requirements associated with managing a designated WSR, and of the contents and key elements of a comprehensive river management plan (CRMP). This increased foundation will result in greater protection of each river’s values through development of its CRMP.
After completing this course, participants will be able to:
• Understand the provisions of the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (WSRA) that guide management of a designated WSR.
• Share the management implications of designation within the river-administering agency and with local, federal and state governments, tribal governments, landowners and nongovernmental organizations.
• Provide guidance for decision makers relative to proposed projects and new decisions on federal lands prior to completion of the CRMP.
• Know the general contents and key elements of a CRMP.
• Develop an integrated approach for preparation of a CRMP.
Participants will increase their knowledge in:
• Protections provided in the WSRA.
• The application of the protect and enhance mandate of Section 10(a) to interim management and development of a CRMP.
• How to evaluate a proposed project or new decision on federal land prior to completion of a CRMP.
• How to prepare a detailed river corridor boundary.
• The protection and decision framework of a CRMP.
• How to prepare a CRMP.
This document discusses communication strategies for managing groundwater resources in the Syr Darya transboundary basin. It emphasizes that communication is important for building understanding and trust between stakeholders. An effective strategy requires understanding audience needs and using tailored approaches. The IW LEARN program supports knowledge sharing across international waters projects and has resources that can help, including its online platform and communities of practice. Developing a strong outreach strategy requires considering cultural factors and linking with other relevant initiatives.
Musseling Through State and Federal Regulations on Threatened and Endangered ...The Texas Network, LLC
1) There are significant data gaps in knowledge of freshwater mussel occurrences and life histories in Texas that hamper conservation efforts. Several state-listed and candidate federal species lack basic host fish data.
2) State and federal regulations provide authority to require mussel surveys for water projects but additional guidance is needed. Proposed federal critical habitat rules and future listings of candidate mussel species could significantly impact water projects.
3) Coordination between agencies and stakeholders is ongoing to understand mussel distribution, address data deficiencies, and minimize regulatory impacts of potential listings. Standardized survey methods and a central database are needed.
This presentation was given at the Catchment Management Network meeting on February 24th 2017. The Catchment Management Network consists of the EPA, all of Ireland's Local Authorities, and other public bodies involved in looking after Ireland's catchments, sub-catchments and water bodies. For more information about this work see www.catchments.ie
Public participation experience in Central Asia (Ulzhan Kanzhigalina) - Power...Iwl Pcu
OBJECTIVES: Support and promote community initiatives in participatory problem solving.
Create local entities that can sustainably support, promote community development initiatives and protect citizens' interests.
1) The document provides information about PT Astra Honda Motor, including their welcome messages, company details, vision, mission, production figures, and locations of various facilities.
2) It details the company's production processes, types of motorcycles produced, factory layouts and capacities of three main plants in Sunter, Pegangsaan and Cikarang Barat.
3) Additional facilities mentioned include a Dies Manufacturing Division, Parts Center, Test Course, and Training Center.
Strategi proses merupakan pendekatan organisasi untuk mengubah sumber daya menjadi barang dan jasa dengan cara produksi terbaik yang memenuhi persyaratan pelanggan dan spesifikasi produk dalam batasan biaya. Terdapat empat strategi proses yaitu fokus pada proses, fokus berulang, fokus pada produk, dan fokus pada mass customization. Mass customization memberikan variasi produk secara cepat dan murah seperti manufaktur bervolume rendah namun dengan bi
The document discusses key concepts in supply chain management. It defines supply chain management as integrating activities involved in procuring materials, transforming them into products, and delivering products to customers. It also discusses how supply chain decisions impact business strategies like low-cost, differentiation, and responsiveness strategies. The document notes that supply chains present risks and outlines ways to mitigate risks in processes, controls, and the operating environment. Finally, it discusses ethics, sustainability, and economics in supply chain management.
Babakan dokumen membahas tentang penentuan lokasi perusahaan, termasuk faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi keputusan lokasi, metode evaluasi alternatif lokasi, dan strategi lokasi pelayanan jasa.
Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan metode transportasi dalam pembuatan keputusan lokasi pabrik atau gudang.
The document discusses how people spend their time on average over a 70 year lifespan. It estimates that the average person spends 25 years sleeping, 8 years in education, 6 years resting or ill, 7 years on holidays and recreation, 5 years commuting, and 4 years eating. This only leaves 2 years for effective work. It then discusses various myths and culprits of wasting time, such as procrastination, distractions, poor planning, and interruptions. Finally, it provides tips for effective time management, including prioritizing tasks, starting important tasks immediately, reducing meeting time, developing time management skills, and learning to say no.
Six Sigma - Managemen Internasional - MM Universitas Trisakti Jakartawendyanbiya
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang manajemen kualitas dengan pendekatan Six Sigma. Secara singkat, Six Sigma adalah metodologi untuk mengurangi variasi proses dan kesalahan dengan menggunakan alat statistik secara intensif guna meningkatkan kualitas produk dan kepuasan pelanggan."
Similar to Kazakhstan and Central Asia Information in Transboundary Water Cooperation - The Value of National IWRM and Water Efficiency Plans (Tim Hannan) - Powerpoint - 160kb
This document provides a summary of the State-of-Rivers report on the Diep, Hout Bay, Lourens, and Palmiet river systems in South Africa from 2003. It finds that while these rivers play an important role in providing water and supporting ecosystems, human activities like water abstraction, development, and pollution have negatively impacted their health. The report was a collaborative effort between various government and scientific organizations to monitor and assess river health, identify issues, and inform management responses to improve conditions and ensure sustainable use of these important water resources.
The document describes an institutional mapping tool created for the San Juan River Basin shared by Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The mapping tool aims to encourage participation in developing a Strategic Action Program (SAP) to sustainably manage the basin. It functions as an online database cataloging organizations, individuals, projects, laws and other information to facilitate collaboration across different stakeholders.
National Case Study: Developing an IWRM Plan for KazakhstanIwl Pcu
The document outlines Kazakhstan's development of an Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) plan. It summarizes Kazakhstan's water resources challenges and ongoing efforts to address them through an IWRM framework. With support from UNDP, GWP and Norway, Kazakhstan aims to complete a national IWRM plan by 2005 focused on improving cooperation, water efficiency and achieving water and sanitation goals. The process involves stakeholder workshops and an inter-agency working group to guide plan development. Benefits are seen as better management of water quality, transboundary issues and agricultural water use.
The document provides an overview of transboundary water management in the SADC region. It discusses the SADC's institutional structure related to water management and key regional instruments like the SADC Protocol on Shared Watercourses. It notes the region has 15 shared river basins and 20 transboundary aquifers. Major challenges include limited understanding and management of transboundary groundwater resources. Tools discussed to address these include a regional groundwater monitoring network, mapping of groundwater dependent ecosystems, and assessing groundwater drought vulnerability and valuation. A SADC Groundwater Management Institute is proposed to help with capacity building, research, coordination and financing of sustainable groundwater management.
PIDA sector-specific terms of reference for transboundary water resources s...Dr Lendy Spires
This document outlines the terms of reference for a study on the transboundary water resources sector within the Programme for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA).
The study will involve two phases: 1) diagnosis and in-depth analysis of existing policies, infrastructure, institutions and challenges in the sector; and 2) formulation of a strategic framework, infrastructure development programme, and implementation strategy to guide development of the sector. Key objectives include ensuring water security, equitable allocation of resources, benefit sharing, climate change adaptation, and enhanced regional cooperation through integrated water resources management. The study will focus on basins covered by previous plans and involve stakeholders such as River Basin Organizations. It aims to align with the African Water Vision and support from the African
The document discusses water sector reforms and the role of the Philippine Water Partnership (PWP) in the following areas:
1. PWP helped educate stakeholders on the National Water Resources Board and water permitting through workshops. It also organized forums on integrating IWRM principles into policies and plans.
2. PWP participated in consultation workshops that led to roadmaps and frameworks to strengthen institutions involved in water management.
3. PWP organized discussions on proposed legal reforms like consolidating water-related laws and clarifying the regulatory roles of different agencies.
4. PWP brings together experts to identify reforms, communicate positions on issues, provide a venue for discussion, and document IWRM experiences to disse
Australian Showcase:Theme 1:Australia and Waterined_v3icidciid
The document discusses water management in Australia, focusing on the Water Act of 2007 and the Murray-Darling Basin Plan. It provides background on Australia's climate and history of water management agreements. It describes the objectives of the Water Act to manage basin water resources through plans and environmental flows. It also discusses government investment programs aimed at improving irrigation efficiency and balancing environmental and consumptive water needs.
GWP CACENA presentation by Ms. Chkhobadze in Urgench, October 2014 engGWP CACENA
The document discusses integrated water resources management (IWRM) in Central Asia and the Caucasus region. It notes that the region can be divided into the Southern Caucasus (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia) and Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Mongolia). The main goal of the regional water partnership is to promote IWRM principles and support countries' efforts to implement IWRM at regional, national and local levels. Uzbekistan is a leader in implementing IWRM principles, applying them to over 1 million hectares of land and achieving annual water savings of 200 million cubic meters while increasing farm water productivity by 15-20%. The document calls
Joint Monitoring and Assessment in transboundary basins: obligations and expe...Iwl Pcu
This document discusses joint monitoring and assessment of transboundary basins under the UNECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (Helsinki Convention). It provides an overview of different levels of cooperation, including the international level with guidelines developed by the Convention, as well as national and transboundary basin levels. Specific examples of regulations and agreements between Hungary and neighboring countries like Romania and Slovakia are outlined. Lessons learned emphasize the importance of cooperation across institutions and translation of documents to facilitate joint monitoring and assessment of surface and groundwater resources in transboundary basins.
3 neno kukuric- igrac - global tba activities twapgroundwatercop
This document provides an overview of global transboundary aquifer assessment activities. It discusses that many aquifers cross political borders and need assessment to understand groundwater flows and quality. It summarizes various assessment programs including the UNESCO-led ISARM program, UNECE regional assessments in Europe and Central Asia, and GEF-funded projects assessing specific transboundary aquifer systems. The document also introduces TWAP as a new global program to assess and prioritize transboundary surface waters and aquifers.
This document provides examples of indicators that could be used to measure outcomes of projects focused on international waters. It includes over 30 examples of specific process, stress reduction, environmental/water resources, and socioeconomic status indicators that were used to measure outcomes in various international water basins around the world. The indicators cover topics like water quality improvements, policy changes, institutional collaborations, and environmental and resource management impacts.
Overview of water resources and water management in queensland, greg claydonInternational WaterCentre
The document provides an overview of water resources and management in Queensland, Australia. It discusses Queensland's water sources, including rainfall patterns and runoff; the Great Artesian Basin; and current water use. It also outlines the role of the Department of Environment and Resource Management in developing policies and plans for sustainable water management. Key challenges include climate variability, population growth, and ensuring secure water supplies. Solutions involve diversifying supplies, planning reforms, improving efficiency, and institutional changes.
Klingbeil, R., 2014. AWARENET, the Arab Integrated Water Resources Management Network. Presentation at the Water Science and Technology (WSTA), 11th Gulf Water Conference (GWC), Muscat, Oman, 20-22 Oct 2014.
This document introduces the Strategic Foresight Group and their work developing the Water Cooperation Quotient tool to measure cooperation between countries sharing transboundary water basins. It discusses the group's experience with water issues around the world and the development of their "Blue Peace" framework. The preface provides context around the refinement of the Water Cooperation Quotient methodology based on feedback and its goal to comparatively understand cooperation in shared water basins globally.
NZCA submission on Next steps for fresh water April 2016Mark Christensen
The New Zealand Conservation Authority (NZCA) is submitting comments on the "Next Steps for Fresh Water" consultation document. Some key points made in the NZCA's submission include:
1) The NZCA supports developing new water quality attributes to address all effects on aquatic ecosystems, and applying attributes to estuaries and coastal lakes.
2) Many current water quality standards are inadequate and should be more ambitious to improve degraded water quality over the long term.
3) The NZCA supports using macroinvertebrate community index as a new attribute but standards should align with ANZEEC guidelines to ensure ecosystem health.
4) Exceptions for significant infrastructure like hydroelectricity should not be
1 groundwater governance in the aral sea basingroundwatercop
This document discusses groundwater governance in Central Asia, with a focus on the Pritashkent transboundary aquifer shared between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. It provides background on groundwater use in the region, the legal and institutional frameworks governing groundwater in Central Asia countries, and characteristics of the Pritashkent aquifer. UNESCO, SDC, and IWMI are collaborating on a project to improve knowledge of and cooperation over the Pritashkent aquifer. The document outlines IWMI's role in collecting data, identifying stakeholders, and producing a report on the aquifer and opportunities to strengthen management between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
Similar to Kazakhstan and Central Asia Information in Transboundary Water Cooperation - The Value of National IWRM and Water Efficiency Plans (Tim Hannan) - Powerpoint - 160kb (20)
Pecha Kucha format presentation about innovative tools being developed by the GEF-UNEP Flood and Drought Management Tools project, by Raul Glotzbach in the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference.
Pecha Kucha format presentation about innovative solutions being deployed by the Caribbean Wastewater Project (Revolving Fund) GEF-IADB/UNEP, by Alfredo Coelloin the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference.
Large Marine Ecosystems: Megaregional Best Practices for LME Assessment and M...Iwl Pcu
This document provides an overview of large marine ecosystems (LMEs) and efforts to implement ecosystem-based management (EBM) of LMEs. It notes that LMEs produce 80% of global fisheries catches and contribute $12.6 trillion annually to the global economy. The document outlines the five module assessment approach used for LMEs, including productivity, fish/fisheries, pollution, socioeconomics, and governance. It discusses how the Global Environment Facility has provided $6.01 billion since 1994 to support EBM planning and implementation projects in 22 LMEs. The LME approach is now the cornerstone of the GEF's ocean management strategy.
Slides used during the science to communication workshop in the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference, to explain how to understand and communicate with an audience better when presenting.
Presentation by Chris O'Brien, of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (Bay of Bengal LME project) during the science to communication workshop in the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference. The presentations focuses on how to create effective powerpoint slides.
How to communicate science effectively (IWC8 Presentation)Iwl Pcu
Presentation by Professor Sevvandi Jajakody, of the Wayamba University(Bay of Bengal LME project) during the science to communication workshop in the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference.
Presentation by Chris O'Brien, of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (Bay of Bengal LME project) during the science to communication workshop in the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference.
Presentation by Peter Whalley, International Nitrogen Management System GEF- UNEP project providing an introduction to the nitrogen roundtable at the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters conference
Presentation by Hugh Walton of the GEF-UNDP Pacific Fisheries project 4746 at the 8th GEF Biennial International Waters Conference.
GEF Pillar 1.2 Promoting Transformational Change in Major Global Industries
Hugh Walton – Pacific Islands Forum Fisheries Agency
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
Background - The FFA region
GEF OFMP – 2001 – 2004 & 2005 – 2011
Evaluation in the context of transformational change
OFMP 2 – 2015 – 2019 – Setting the stage for institutional change
TDA/SAP Methodology Training Course Module 2 Section 1Iwl Pcu
This document discusses the development of a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA). It outlines the steps to develop the TDA, including defining system boundaries, collecting and analyzing data, identifying and prioritizing transboundary problems, determining the impacts of priority problems, analyzing causes of problems, and developing thematic reports. It also discusses that the TDA provides factual basis for the strategic planning component and should involve engagement with stakeholders throughout the process. Finally, it notes that the TDA development team should be representative of participating countries and stakeholders.
TDA/SAP Methodology Training Course Module 2 Section 10Iwl Pcu
This document provides information about governance analysis as part of the TDA/SAP process. It defines governance as the process of decision-making and implementation. Governance analysis examines the key aspects of political, economic, and civil society processes. It focuses on the dynamics of these relationships. There is no agreed approach, and the type of analysis will depend on the cultural, political, and social structures of the countries involved. The governance analysis should consider the decision-making, institutional, policy, and civil society arrangements that influence economic and political decisions affecting the issues being analyzed. The document provides advice to go beyond formal structures and understand informal dynamics and relationships.
TDA/SAP Methodology Training Course Module 2 Section 10Iwl Pcu
This document provides information about governance analysis as part of the TDA/SAP process. It defines governance as the process of decision-making and implementation. Governance analysis examines the key aspects of political, economic, and civil society processes. It focuses on the dynamics of these relationships. There is no agreed approach, and the type of analysis will depend on the cultural, political, and social structures of the countries involved. The governance analysis should consider decision-making processes, institutional structures, policy frameworks, economic arrangements, and civil society arrangements. Advice is given to use existing assessments, go beyond formal structures, attend coordination meetings, and interview long-time staff to understand informal dynamics.
TDA/SAP Methodology Training Course Module 2 Section 9Iwl Pcu
This document provides guidance on drafting a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA). It discusses integrating various parts of the TDA, such as thematic reports, studies, and stakeholder analyses. It recommends that a TDA should be concise and easy to understand, with an executive summary, main text, supporting data/figures, maps, a content list, and acknowledgements. Technical reports can be annexed. The TDA size typically ranges from 80-150 pages. Preliminary recommendations for the Strategic Action Program can be included. The TDA should be reviewed by stakeholders and adopted by the steering committee, though government acceptance is also often required.
TDA/SAP Methodology Training Course Module 2 Section 5Iwl Pcu
1) This training module covers developing the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA), which involves determining the environmental and socio-economic impacts of priority transboundary problems.
2) Environmental impacts are effects on ecosystem integrity, while socio-economic impacts are changes in human welfare from environmental problems.
3) A two-step process is used to determine impacts: 1) Identifying impacts of each problem through a workshop, and 2) Qualitatively or quantitatively describing key impacts through available data and information.
TDA/SAP Methodology Training Course Module 2 Section 5Iwl Pcu
1) This training module covers developing the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA), which involves determining the environmental and socio-economic impacts of priority transboundary problems.
2) Environmental impacts are effects on ecosystem integrity, while socio-economic impacts are changes in human welfare from environmental impacts or problems.
3) A process for determining impacts involves identifying them for each problem, and qualitatively or quantitatively describing key impacts.
TDA/SAP Methodology Training Course Module 2 Section 5Iwl Pcu
1) This training module covers developing the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA), which involves determining the environmental and socio-economic impacts of priority transboundary problems.
2) Environmental impacts are effects on ecosystem integrity, while socio-economic impacts are changes in human welfare from environmental impacts or problems.
3) A two-step process is outlined for determining impacts: 1) Identifying impacts of each problem through a workshop, and 2) Qualitatively or quantitatively describing key impacts through available data and information.
TDA/SAP Methodology Training Course Module 2 Section 7Iwl Pcu
This document provides guidance on developing thematic reports for a Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA). Thematic reports are the main source of supporting information for the TDA and are drafted by national experts. The document outlines a two-step process for developing the reports: 1) key areas and national experts are identified based on prioritized transboundary problems, and 2) reports are drafted and reviewed by the TDA development team. Examples of thematic reports from previous TDAs are provided. Advice is given to allow sufficient time for reports, ensure appropriate expertise, and develop clear terms of reference.
TDA/SAP Methodology Training Course Module 2 Section 5Iwl Pcu
1) This training module covers developing the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA), which involves determining the environmental and socio-economic impacts of priority transboundary problems.
2) Environmental impacts are effects on ecosystem integrity, while socio-economic impacts are changes in human welfare from environmental problems.
3) A two-step process is outlined for determining impacts: 1) Identifying impacts of each problem through a workshop, and 2) Qualitatively or quantitatively describing key impacts through available data and information.
TDA/SAP Methodology Training Course Module 2 Section 6Iwl Pcu
This document provides an overview of causal chain analysis (CCA) as part of the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA) process. It defines CCA as examining the linear cause and effect relationships between the causes of a problem and its impacts. The key components of a causal chain are described as the immediate, underlying, and root causes. A stepwise process for developing causal chains is outlined, including identifying the chain components and further developing the chains with data. Examples of completed causal chains for different regions are also presented.
TDA/SAP Methodology Training Course Module 2 Section 5Iwl Pcu
1) This training module covers developing the Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (TDA), which involves determining the environmental and socio-economic impacts of priority transboundary problems.
2) Environmental impacts are effects on ecosystem integrity, while socio-economic impacts are changes in human welfare from environmental problems.
3) A two-step process is outlined for determining impacts: 1) Identifying impacts of each problem through a workshop, and 2) Qualitatively or quantitatively describing key impacts through available data and information.
TDA/SAP Methodology Training Course Module 2 Section 5
Kazakhstan and Central Asia Information in Transboundary Water Cooperation - The Value of National IWRM and Water Efficiency Plans (Tim Hannan) - Powerpoint - 160kb
1. Kazakhstan and Central AsiaKazakhstan and Central Asia
Information in TransboundaryInformation in Transboundary
Water CooperationWater Cooperation
&&
The Value of National IWRM & WaterThe Value of National IWRM & Water
Efficiency PlansEfficiency Plans
Tim HannanTim Hannan
UNDP Water Management AdvisorUNDP Water Management Advisor
Almaty, KazakhstanAlmaty, Kazakhstan
tim.hannan@undp.orgtim.hannan@undp.org
2. National IWRM and WE Plans withNational IWRM and WE Plans with
Reference to Transboundary WaterReference to Transboundary Water
CooperationCooperation
IWRM is a new approach with new information andIWRM is a new approach with new information and
management needsmanagement needs
Definition of new needs, approach needs to beDefinition of new needs, approach needs to be
determineddetermined
IWRM needs to be understood and adopted byIWRM needs to be understood and adopted by
water managerswater managers
The goals and aims of IWRM are the same for allThe goals and aims of IWRM are the same for all
countriescountries
The information needs are the same for allThe information needs are the same for all
countriescountries
3. Initiatives in Monitoring and Information inInitiatives in Monitoring and Information in
KazakhstanKazakhstan
Tobol RiverTobol River (Russia, Kazakhstan, Russia)(Russia, Kazakhstan, Russia)
Ural RiverUral River (Russia, Kazakhstan)(Russia, Kazakhstan)
Irtysh RiverIrtysh River (China, Kazakhstan, Russia)(China, Kazakhstan, Russia)
Ili RiverIli River (China, Kazakhstan)(China, Kazakhstan)
Syr Darya, Chu, TalasSyr Darya, Chu, Talas (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan)(Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan)
Amu DaryaAmu Darya (to a lesser extent as an Aral Sea tributary)(to a lesser extent as an Aral Sea tributary)
Recent improvements in monitoring haveRecent improvements in monitoring have
emphasised and been driven by transboundaryemphasised and been driven by transboundary
issuesissues
4. Initiatives on Regional Cooperation onInitiatives on Regional Cooperation on
Transboundary Waters in Central AsiaTransboundary Waters in Central Asia
ICWCICWC (water allocations)(water allocations)
IFASIFAS (resources and research for the Aral Sea)(resources and research for the Aral Sea)
1998 Agreement1998 Agreement (water & energy on Syr Darya)(water & energy on Syr Darya)
CACOCACO (water, energy, transport & food)(water, energy, transport & food)
WECWEC (combined water & energy)(combined water & energy)
Chu Talas Trans. Water CommissionChu Talas Trans. Water Commission
Various annual agreementsVarious annual agreements
Kazakhstan signed the Water ConventionKazakhstan signed the Water Convention
5. Structure of Water ResourcesStructure of Water Resources
Management in KazakhstanManagement in Kazakhstan
Committee for Water ResourcesCommittee for Water Resources (Ministry of(Ministry of
Agriculture)Agriculture)
River Basin OrganisationsRiver Basin Organisations (Under CWR)(Under CWR)
River Basin CouncilsRiver Basin Councils (now being established)(now being established)
Others –Others – (environment, geology, health, etc.)(environment, geology, health, etc.)
6. Information Issues in Water ResourcesInformation Issues in Water Resources
Management in Kazakhstan (Central Asia)Management in Kazakhstan (Central Asia)
limited understanding of water resources issues andlimited understanding of water resources issues and
solutions on the part of central governmentssolutions on the part of central governments
limited public understanding and participation in waterlimited public understanding and participation in water
resources managementresources management
decline in technical skills in the CWR and RBOsdecline in technical skills in the CWR and RBOs
limited and difficult coordination and cooperation onlimited and difficult coordination and cooperation on
informationinformation
poor water information, including its management andpoor water information, including its management and
access to itaccess to it
7. Other Big Issues in Water ResourcesOther Big Issues in Water Resources
Management in Kazakhstan (Central Asia)Management in Kazakhstan (Central Asia)
No organisation has the responsibility toNo organisation has the responsibility to
manage river basins, or to manage water quality ormanage river basins, or to manage water quality or
river ecologyriver ecology
RBOs have lost the skills of full water resourcesRBOs have lost the skills of full water resources
management, including water qualitymanagement, including water quality
Monitoring of water quality is improving but doesMonitoring of water quality is improving but does
not come close to the European approachnot come close to the European approach
8. Recent Initiatives in Information for WaterRecent Initiatives in Information for Water
Resources Management in KazakhstanResources Management in Kazakhstan
River Basin Councils established in law in theRiver Basin Councils established in law in the
2003 Water Code of Kazakhstan2003 Water Code of Kazakhstan
Strategy for the Development of CWR/RBOsStrategy for the Development of CWR/RBOs
was completed in 2004 (partly implemented)was completed in 2004 (partly implemented)
Strategy for the Improvement of Water QualityStrategy for the Improvement of Water Quality
was completed for CWR/RBOs in 2004 (partlywas completed for CWR/RBOs in 2004 (partly
implemented)implemented)
9. Recent Initiatives in Information for WaterRecent Initiatives in Information for Water
Resources Management in KazakhstanResources Management in Kazakhstan
National Water Information CentreNational Water Information Centre
proposed in 2003, 2004, 2005 (not yetproposed in 2003, 2004, 2005 (not yet
implemented)implemented)
National IWRM and WE PlanNational IWRM and WE Plan beingbeing
prepared (completed end 2005)prepared (completed end 2005)
10. Kazakhstan National Water Information Centre
Possible Structure
Various River Basin or Local Administration Level Organisations
(SES, Vodkhoz, Vodokanal, Irrigation, Ecology, Geology, WUA, Kazhydromet, Akimat, Others)
RBC RBC RBCRBCRBCRBC RBCRBC
RBO RBO RBORBORBORBO RBORBO
Head of State, Ministers, Various National Level Organisations or Ministries
Transboundary Water Analysts and Decision Makers
Education system, Public Awareness Initiatives, Others
Information Department and
Information Portal
(CWR)
National Water Information
Centre (?)
River Basin
Authority in
Neighbouring
Transboundary
Countries
River Basin
Authority in
Neighbouring
Transboundary
Countries
11. Expected Steps in Developing Transboundary
Cooperation and Management in Central Asia
Improving Monitoring and InformationImproving Monitoring and Information
Building Capacity in Water Management OrganisationsBuilding Capacity in Water Management Organisations
National IWRM & WE Plans
Regional Coordination on Specific Issues in Improving Water Management in each
Country
Bilateral & single issue agreements on water sharing and water quality
improvement with neighbouring countries
Multilateral & multiobjective agreements on
water sharing and water quality improvement
for entire river basins
Goal: Transboundary
Rivers Managed on
IWRM Principles
(EUWFD)
S
T
E
P
2005 2007 2010 2015 2025?
12. Areas of Good Potential for RegionalAreas of Good Potential for Regional
Cooperation on Improving WaterCooperation on Improving Water
ManagementManagement
Water use efficiencyWater use efficiency
Education and trainingEducation and training
Monitoring and informationMonitoring and information
13. Progress on the Kazakhstan NationalProgress on the Kazakhstan National
Water Information CentreWater Information Centre
DPSIR framework to develop informationDPSIR framework to develop information
systems at river basin levelsystems at river basin level
Training RBO staff in obtaining info, developingTraining RBO staff in obtaining info, developing
data bases (2004 to 2007)data bases (2004 to 2007)
Establishing an information portal to link RBOsEstablishing an information portal to link RBOs
and CWR and, later RBOs and RBCsand CWR and, later RBOs and RBCs
Establishing RBCs and working to define theirEstablishing RBCs and working to define their
information needsinformation needs
Initial links: RBO RBC
RBO CWR National & Transboundary Users
Editor's Notes
In this workshop we are considering Monitoring and Information in the Management of Transboundary Waters.
I will speak mainly about the situation in Kazakhstan but also extend that to cover Central Asia because:
Central Asia is connected hydrologically: from a transboundary water management perspective, it is one area
In terms of capacity in water management and in water information it is similar, with similar problems and similar solutions and a great potential for international cooperation on improvements.
One of the stated aims of this Workshop is to “assess the current state of information management” in EECCA transboundary waters. IN contribution to that aim I was invited here mainly to talk about the Kazakhstan National Water Information Centre.
In short, it has not yet been established. But, why it has not been established and what needs to be done to establish it is important to discuss. And, I will state now, that we are making some progress on it despite the fact that it has not been established.
Like many other places in the larger region including the Caucasus, Eastern Europe, etc. official, properly regulated and operational transboundary agreements are in their infancy. Infancy is the important word here because the work that is needed for transboundary management and for information on water, whether it is transboundary or not, is just beginning.
At the same time as we discuss transboundary issues, we are promoting the establishment of IWRM in all countries. The main initiative on IWRM now is the National IWRM and WE Plans which are part of the Johannesburg Directive. All countries are to complete them by the end of this year. Kazakhstan is currently working on its Plan.
It is my thesis that it is necessary to build capacity in monitoring and information and its management within countries before it can be done effectively in cooperation with other countries.
The National IWRM Plan is an important document for information, for transboundary cooperation and management because the preparation of the Plan provides an opportunity to define information and wider water management needs and to describe the approach to meeting the needs both in-country and in transboundary considerations. It is the first step in building capacity.
IWRM is a new way of looking at water management:
From a command-and-control approach to one with broader participation and wider integration. Information needs and information management are different and need a different approach. But in what way different? This needs to be defined.
If we are to manage transboundary rivers according to the principles or IWRM and understanding of IWRM needs to be developed among the water managers of the transboundary zone.
Preparing a National IWRM Plan is a good vehicle to define information needs as it allows the country to step back and look at what it needs and where the first steps should be made.
The IWRM Plan is about institutions and capacity building, it is about information and its management, it is about transboundary needs and responsibilities.
The IWRM Plan provides a platform to assess these components together.
The IWRM Plan also provides a vehicle to enhance transboundary cooperation because:
the goals and aims of IWRM are the same for all countries
The information needs are the same for all countries
Kazakhstan has great interest in transboundary issues in water management because half its water resources come from upstream countries and a third of its total resources flow out to downstream countries.
There are good relations and agreements with Russia on sharing water and on information exchange which are implemented by the relevant River Basin Organisations in Kazakhstan and their equivalents in Russia. A spirit of cooperation is fairly easy to develop as both Russia and Kazakhstan are both upstream and downstream neighbours of each other.
The relationship with China on transboundary cooperation is less open, but annual agreements are made on volumes of water. However, there is great concern that China will act unilaterally on its development of river basins which may seriously harm the water resources available in the Irtysh and Ili.
Kazakhstan has developed agreements with its Central Asian neighbours which are a little more far reaching than those with Russia (because those with Russian seem adequate to the task for now) and with China.
It is also important to note here that much of the reconstruction of the monitoring network in Kazakhstan has been driven by transboundary issues and emphasises those cross-border locations.
In discussions on regional water cooperation these are the main organisations and agreements which are raised.
ICWC – comes closest to transboundary water cooperation but even still it is about allocating volumes of water. Although it is a permanent organisation, agreements tend to be for a year. It is not looking at larger or broader aspects of river and river basin management.
IFAS – is mainly a funding attractor for research and projects, valuable, but somewhat separate from cooperative management
Also, importantly, the Syr Darya and Amu Darya BVOs, an important start to transboundary management and the CAWaterINFO page, the SIC, etc.
1998 Agreement – Syr Darya focused and may be the foundation of a future Syr Darya managed as a transboundary river. Currently it suffers from difficulties in maintaining the terms of the agreement because of the differing priorities between the countries.
CACO has a wider remit – water, energy, transport, food and so is also a little separate from water management.
WEC combines water and energy. Energy overshadows water because of the differing potential levels of investment involved. It is useful to study this approach to cooperation but it makes little sense in the wider economic context (why link one primary sector of the economy with water and not the other (agriculture?). I am not suggesting a WEAC, but rather a rethink about coupling these. Selectively coupling specific sectors with water goes against the principles of IWRM.
Chu Talas Transboundary Water Commission between the Kyrgyz Republic and Kazakhstan looked like it would become a good example of a way forward in establishing agreements and may still show some potential. However, action on the agreement has stalled and, at least for now, funding has been suspended.
There are discussions and annual agreements on the main transboundary rivers, with Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Russia, China
Kazakhstan has commitments under the Water Convention, but so far no specific actions on it.
While all of these organisations or agreements contribute to transboundary cooperation, none of them go far enough to support transboundary water management
A quick run down of the structure of water resources management in Kazakhstan:
The National organisation is the Committee for Water Resources which resides in the Ministry of Agriculture
Under the CWR are the eight River Basin Organisations which should be the real managers of the river basins but have been so decimated in terms of staff numbers and budgets that they can actually do very little.
River Basin Councils were established in law in the 2003 Water Code of Kazakhstan. Their purpose is to represent the water users and act as an advisory board to the RBOs. RBCs are now being established with support from the IWRM project but the process has very long. Partly this is due to disagreement over who should be on the council, partly it is due to the very low government service status of the RBO directors and even the CWR. It is difficult for them to convince an akim or even a deputy akim to attend a meeting.
There are many other organisations as there are in every country. The problem is that there is no mechanism for coordinating and cooperating with other organisations. This has a very negative impact both for water management and for information.
By this I mean two things:
1) that central governments do not give appropriate consideration to water resources management even though it is essential to large proportions of national economies
2) That decisions are made that affect water resources and their management both in-country and in transboundary agreements without seeking advice from water management organisations.
Due to both of these, poor decisions and agreements are made. And, outside organisation see no need for good information (decisions are made without information anyway)
The public is not involved in any way (though this may change through the introduction of the RBCs). Therefore there is no demand for information and it is difficult to see the value of the information centre.
CWR and RBOs have lost a lot of staff and budget so their functions are necessarily limited. Again, very little need for information.
There is no formal mechanism to coordinate with other organisations and the lack of immediate need make the effort somewhat futile.
So there is poor water information. However, the main lack of understanding is that water management is at a low point and needs to be rebuilt and strengthened. For that information is needed and the demand for information will grow. Getting this point across has been difficult.
The monitoring system has improved since about 2000, with a beginning to reconstruction of the hydrometric network and of the water quality network and laboratories. This is specifically Kazhydromet.
Departments of Environmental protection also monitor discharges from industries, etc.
There is little to no connection between the monitors and the RBOs and there is no organisation which has the responsibility to actually manage or work to improve water quality and the concept of ‘good ecological quality’ as is now the case in Europe under the EUWFD, is not even known about within the government structure.
There is little connection between monitoring and using information, especially water quality, as no one is managing water quality.
RBOs used to have their own water quality labs and were at least technically aware of water quality in their own rivers. Those skills have been dismantled through budget cuts, etc.
The CWR and the RBOs are certainly aware of the need for managing the river basins and equally aware of their current inability to do so.
Some significant initiatives have been put together in recent years in an attempt to improve the situation.
Of great importance to water management at the basin level is the establishment in law in the 2003 Water Code of the River Basin Councils (RBCs).
These are advisory bodies made up of water users, representing water users to the water managers (the RBOs). None exist yet but in the currently ongoing Project for the National IWRM and WE Plan they are being established in fact. These are important to obtaining information and the development of an information management system, as I will describe later.
A Strategy for Development of the CWR and RBOs was prepared in 2004 under a foreign funded project which proposed significant increases in functions of the RBOs with increases in staffing, budgets, etc. in order to make them real, functional water management authorities.
Because water quality is probably the biggest and most difficult problem, a Strategy for the Improvement of Water Quality was also prepared under the same project.
These are closely related as one of the key objectives was to reinstate water quality monitoring, labs, assessment plus information management and full water resources management, including water quality and working toward the EUWFD approach.
These Strategies also included establishing an Information Department in each RBO and in the CWR for all information related to water management, including quality.
They have been equipped with two staff and computers, but are not really working as virtually all of the data they would need to collect is in other organisations, to which they have no access.
Also, this year, there will be training for RBO staff in the use of water quality monitoring field kits – a simplified and instant means of determining water quality. This is hoped to be the beginning of their return to water management.
National Water Information Centre proposed but so far budget has been refused. CWR wanted to make it a State Enterprise so it would not be bound by civil service salary rules. It is not known (to me) why budget has never been approved. It is called for also within the 2003 Water Code.
Now under National IWRM Plan support will be provided to develop an information system and a portal for communication, and another attempt at recommending changes to strengthen CWR and RBOs, including information
The IWRM Plan also has an overall function to strengthen water resources management. This includes information, it includes transboundary issues, it includes how to manage water bodies as ecological units as in the EUWFD model. So it is relevant at the River Basin level, whether we are talking transboundary or not.
This is probably an unnecessarily complex illustration of the Proposed National Water Information Centre in Kazakhstan. However, it shows how it would be set up. Describe
Right now it is the bottom end of this diagram - basin level - that is the biggest hurdle. It is almost impossible for the RBOs to obtain information from other organisations within the basin.
I have drawn the arrows from these organisations at basin level, to the RBOs through the RBCs. Partly this is to simplify the diagram, but there is another reason too, which may make the RBCs very important structures within the information process.
The RBCs represent all organisations – government and non-government who are involved in water resources management in one way or another. As such, they are also the organisations from which the RBOs would be obtaining information for their own use (information departments) and for the National Water Information Centre.
As RBCs develop they will see the need for RBOs to have basic data from which to produce assessed and properly presented information for the use of the RBC, for sharing with other RBCs, etc. etc. The RBCs may be the catalyst to make water information available.
This is how work toward integrated management of transboundary waters is likely to develop – and this may be the only way it can.
If we are considering full, transboundary management of rivers, in line with IWRM and on the basis of the EUWFD approach (as in the top right hand corner) we are still 20 years away in Central Asia – and that is if we put a serious effort toward it starting now.
The National IWRM and WE Plan can underpin and support this development by laying out a strategy to build capacity in the organisations involved in each country so that they can manage water and be real authorities in water management.
It will also outline what needs to be done in improving monitoring and information in each country.
Meantime, we can build on the existing transboundary initiatives already in place in Central Asia and make them more multi-objective, more multilateral in scope. For example, there is not even discussion yet on cooperation on water quality. In each country water quality hardly gets a mention in water management, so there is a distance to go before we can talk about it transboundary.
Each country should prepare their National IWRM and WE Plans as Kazakhstan is doing now. Kazakhstan is the only CA country to have signed up to the Johannesburg Declaration, but this does not preclude other countries from doing the Plan anyway.
When each country can manage its own waters effectively, it will be more likely to be able to do so as a transboundary partner.
With regard to specific elements of the National IWRM and WE Plans, there are many areas where countries could cooperate to improve aspects of water management in their own countries.
Improving Water Efficiency is a key area where cooperation should be easy to organise and it is the single biggest issue in water use in all Central Asian Countries.
The reason for low efficiencies is similar, if not identical in each country so there is logic to cooperating and coordinating on improving it.
Education and Training is also a good area in which to cooperate – through regional training centres (which already exist but are perhaps underused, through regional farmer training programmes, through joint programmes to send students abroad.
Monitoring & information – some work has been done on regional management if data, but there have been a lot of problems in sharing and cooperating (WARMAP, for example?). This could be improved continue to be a point of cooperation
Acting cooperatively on these and other components of water management will foster a climate of cooperation which will support future transboundary management agreements. In other words, these can be used to build the necessary cooperation for transboundary water management.
More specific to the Kazakhstan National Water Information Centre, there have been some financial and legal problems in establishing it. Now it will be 2007 before it can be officially established.
However, through the Project for the IWRM Plan we support it and develop it through simply working on its information related components.
Mainly we are working at the River Basin level. This is where the information is located, it is the appropriate lowest level for information assessment and storage and it is appropriate to the principles of IWRM.
We work with reference to the DPSIR (Driving Forces–Pressures–State-Impact-Responses) framework to develop the systems. Basically we want to start simple – what do they need now? And build from there. There is not a strong understanding of information, of managing information, of what the full scope of water information is (often still thought of as hydrology)
We are training RBO staff through specific training sessions which started in 2004.
We are assessing information needs of the RBCs and will explore these further as they are officially established.