This document provides a review of Karl Marx's book "A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy". It summarizes Marx's key ideas that society is constructed by humans and can be reshaped. It also outlines Marx's analysis of the commodity form and how commodities take on both a use value and exchange value based on the labor required for their production. The review examines Marx's discussion of money as the universal equivalent for commodities and how it acts as a medium of exchange in the process of circulation. It provides an overview of Marx's theories on coins, tokens, world money, and the role of gold as a standard form of money.
Theory of Society by Karl marx, Mode of Production, Social Formation, Stages of history . very much helpful to the student to learn more about the Marx & his theory.
Karl Marx's Theory of Surplus-Value constitutes the backbone of Marxian Economics. Hence, its necessary to learn about this for understanding the nature of capitalist expoitation.
the domination of Euro-American capitalism and Eurocentric views in the social sciences.
History is marked by the growth of human productive capacity, and the forms that history produced for each separate society is a function of what was needed to maximize productive capacity.
Theory of Society by Karl marx, Mode of Production, Social Formation, Stages of history . very much helpful to the student to learn more about the Marx & his theory.
Karl Marx's Theory of Surplus-Value constitutes the backbone of Marxian Economics. Hence, its necessary to learn about this for understanding the nature of capitalist expoitation.
the domination of Euro-American capitalism and Eurocentric views in the social sciences.
History is marked by the growth of human productive capacity, and the forms that history produced for each separate society is a function of what was needed to maximize productive capacity.
I read Does Culture Matter ? (taken from Two Cheers For Democracy ) by E M Forster . I answer this question as yes ,it matters .The very beginning of the essay is 'Culture is a forbidden word '.He uses it ,in a real and literal sense, for the modern ignorance of cultural stuff .
People are not interested in 'the Classics ' which are the real joy .They are interested in cheap amusement in form of parodies and pastiches which are representations of the real but not original -- hyperreal.
Culture is a kind of ambrosia which helps us in receiving the power to enjoy the Classics .It is not only British culture but the culture of every nation has its sacred importance ( not superstitiously but for the sake of its nation and universe ).
Bhai shab Anil Punia....ram ram phli to......now..... culture is overgrowing.... We can't say it's the 'culture'....culture changes as time changes......and yes culture matters..... Our good rational old faiths, rituals, festivals, our way of life...all is part of culture......nd if we r social beings....it affects us....nd matters for us....
Analysis and Interpretation of Pakistani Poet and writer Daud Kamal -writing style of poet and selective poems of Daud kamal - REPRODUCTION AND THE STREET OF NIGHTINGALES
Class struggle By Karl Marx ppt
presentation on Karl marx theory class struggle.
definition, stages, types. and criticism.
classical sociological theory
Economic sociology is a new field of study under the wide umbrella of Sociology and it simply concerns about the Social economy; area which can not be purely studied by neither Sociology nor Economics. This will hope fully help the students of Sociology, economics as well as economic sociology students if any.
Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio economic context.
I read Does Culture Matter ? (taken from Two Cheers For Democracy ) by E M Forster . I answer this question as yes ,it matters .The very beginning of the essay is 'Culture is a forbidden word '.He uses it ,in a real and literal sense, for the modern ignorance of cultural stuff .
People are not interested in 'the Classics ' which are the real joy .They are interested in cheap amusement in form of parodies and pastiches which are representations of the real but not original -- hyperreal.
Culture is a kind of ambrosia which helps us in receiving the power to enjoy the Classics .It is not only British culture but the culture of every nation has its sacred importance ( not superstitiously but for the sake of its nation and universe ).
Bhai shab Anil Punia....ram ram phli to......now..... culture is overgrowing.... We can't say it's the 'culture'....culture changes as time changes......and yes culture matters..... Our good rational old faiths, rituals, festivals, our way of life...all is part of culture......nd if we r social beings....it affects us....nd matters for us....
Analysis and Interpretation of Pakistani Poet and writer Daud Kamal -writing style of poet and selective poems of Daud kamal - REPRODUCTION AND THE STREET OF NIGHTINGALES
Class struggle By Karl Marx ppt
presentation on Karl marx theory class struggle.
definition, stages, types. and criticism.
classical sociological theory
Economic sociology is a new field of study under the wide umbrella of Sociology and it simply concerns about the Social economy; area which can not be purely studied by neither Sociology nor Economics. This will hope fully help the students of Sociology, economics as well as economic sociology students if any.
Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio economic context.
Monetary means relating to money, especially the total amount of money in a country. [business] Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation. Synonyms: financial, money, economic, capital More Synonyms of monetary.
UNIT 4 MEANING AND EVOLUTION OF BANKING
CONTENTS
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Objectives
3.0 Main Content
3.1 Meaning of a Bank, Banking and Banker
3.2 Evolution of Banking
4.0 Conclusion
5.0 Summary
6.0 Tutor-Marked Assignment
7.0 References/Further Readings
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Various attempts have been made to define the term bank or banker.
In this unit, we shall define the term bank or banker. We shall also trace
the origin of banking.
2.0 OBJECTIVES
At the end of the unit, you should be able to:
• Explain the meaning of a Bank, Banking or Banker
• Trace the evolution of Banking in Nigeria.
3.0 MAIN CONTENT
3.1 Meaning of Bank
As a result of different kinds of banks in existence nowadays, it would
be difficult, or at least cumbersome, to formulate a definition of banking
which connotes the diverse activities of all kinds of banks. We shall
therefore consider the definition under three view points:
a) Definitions of bank or banker by Text-Book Writers
b) Definitions of bank or banker by Status
c) Definitions of bank or banker as expressed by the Courts
a) Definitions of bank or banker by Text-Book Writers: A bank
has been defined by Dr. Hart as " a person or company carrying
on the business of receiving moneys, and collecting drafts, for
customers subject to the obligation of honouring cheques drawn
upon them from time to time by the customers Lo the extent of the
amounts available on the current accounts".
MBF833 MONEY AND
BANKING
In his 8th edition, published in 1972 Paget defined "a bank or
banker as a corporation or person (or group of persons)
who accept moneys on current accounts, pay cheques drawn upon
such account on demand and collect cheques for customers, that
if such minimum services are afforded to al and sundry without
restriction of any kind, the business is a banking business,
whether or not other business is undertaken at the same time; that
providing the banking business as so understood is not a mere for
other business, the person or corporation is a banker or bank for
the purposes of statutes relating to banking, other than those
where the sole criterion is the satisfaction of some government
department".
Chamber's Twentieth Century Dictionary defines a bank as an
"institution for the keeping, lending and exchanging, etc of
money. Economists have also defined a bank highlighting
its various functions. According to Crowther, "The banker's business
is to take the debts of other people to offer his own in exchange,
and thereby create money." A similar definition has been given
by Kent who defines a bank as "an organisation whose principal
operations are concerned with the accumulation of the
temporarily idle money of the general public for the purpose of
advan
(1st-draft) Money to the Tiny Big Journey: Tracking money for revealing the c...Perus Saranurak
Perus Saranurak, 15 Mar 2014, MA Design Futures and Metadesign at Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK. Postgraduate project work 'Technonature'.
We create technology and we are shaped by technology. This essay considers "money" as a technology, and studies about the perception of money and its influences.
Also this essay approaches the perception of money as the object of relationship between people in community.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
Karl marx's book of a contribution to the critique of political economy
1. A contribution to the critique of political
economy
A review paper on Karl Marx book of
A contribution to the critique of political economy
By:Efa Tadesse Debele
Department of Sociology, Addis Ababa University
February 15, 2019
2. KARL MARX1818 - 1883
Enlightenment ideals of humans being able to alter their environment to allow for fuller human
capacity.
Ideals of Romanticism where Marx developed a concern for individuals and collective struggles.
Marx used some of Hegel’s notions to construct ideas that society is a construct of human’s and can
therefore be shaped and reshaped by humans.
As Marx put it, “The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways; the point, however,
is to change it.”
3. Book I, A contribution to the critique
of political economy
Part I:The commodity
commodity is base of bourgeois society
It has use value and exchange value
commodity is a means of existence
Use value has only value in use
exchange value-quantitative form- a proportion in which use values are
exchanged for one another
Both use value and exchange value are products of human energy,
labour
Exchange value-labour time relations
materialization of individual labour time
reification of universal labour time
money-exchanging commodity
circulation or metabolism-commodities
4. A. Historical notes on the analysis of
commodities
Franklin’trade in general being nothing else but the
exchange of labour for labour , the value of all things
is as I have said before Most justly measured by
labour
industry, alienated equivalent labour
Part II. Money or Simple circulation
commodity is a measure of money
A.Measure of value
materialised universal labour time
e.g Gold-measure of value, money
5. continued
Labour time is measure of value like gold
Commodities are commensurable
Gold as measure of values
Gold as standard of price or invariable weight
Money as account
6. Book I:Part II B. Theories of the
standard of money
Tokens ;the abstract concept of value
Money is an ideal scale of equal parts
Pound is ideal value
Labour is a parent cost and gives a relative value to
gold or iron
Whatever denominations of worlds are used to
express the daily or weekly labour of a man such
words express the cost of the commodity produced
Labour time is the direct measure of money in a
systematic way
7. Medium of exchange
Social metabolic process of circulation
A. The metamorphosis of commodities
circuit –c-m-c=commodity circulatiom
-m-c-m=money circulation
c-m=universal alienation
vicious circle of transaction or circuit
two types of money-actual/real and nominal
money either to measure or to buy
money is medium and agency
money can always buy other commodities
8. B.The circulation of money
Money initiate entire circuit
C. Coins and Tokens of value
gold as medium of circulation become gold
coins are pieces of gold
name of the money of account; pound, shilling, etc
coined assumes a local and political character
gradually coin change into pseudo gold
tokens are money that symbolically represent face
value of notes or coins but not
9. Money
Medium of exchange –gold-paper
Hoarding-keeping or storing in stock
A sign of wealth
Withdraw from circulation is burying it
Accumulation
Hiding from society
reserving
10. Means of payment
Money functioning as universal means of payment
Money used also as means of circulation
World money
gold as money universal or world money
precious metal
gold and silver as world money
they are universal means of exchange
means of purchase and payment
international money owner-cosmopolitan
cosmopolitanism-Impede traditional
Theories of the medium of circulation and of money
price depend on volume of money
11. Commentary
Land as commodity/labour time or how it is
valuable
What cost services like prostitution and labour time
Universal labour time and disparity of exchange
rate
Why gold is universal?
Wealth as accumulation not investment?
Money and precious metal
Secrecy of monetary issue
Correlate labour and money