Juvenile delinquency - Governors State University
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This document discusses several theories of juvenile delinquency. It outlines Sutherland's differential association theory, which argues that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions rather than innate. It also discusses Warr and Stafford's view that delinquency stems from peer influences. The document notes controversies around establishing international juvenile justice standards and aims to prevent reoffending through rehabilitation.
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The document discusses three main types of victimized juvenile delinquents: bully victims who engage in violence due to past victimization, property delinquent victims more closely associated with property crimes, and delinquent sex victims who experienced past sexual victimization and engage in above average delinquency. Victimized children tend to be more prone to delinquent behavior compared to non-victimized children, and those who experienced indirect victimization as juveniles may be more likely to experience victimization as adults. The apparent correlation between various types of past victimization and subsequent delinquent acts is explored.
Differential Association Theory- Takina Morris
Edwin Sutherland developed differential association theory, which states that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions and exposure to criminal and anti-criminal groups. The theory proposes that individuals learn techniques of crime and motives by associating with others who engage in or reject criminal behavior. Sutherland argued that the more one interacts with those who condone criminal acts, the more likely they are to engage in crime themselves. He supported this with a case study of a thief, showing crime is learned through social circles. Sutherland also applied this theory to white-collar crime among respected professionals.
Deviance7ISBN 1-256-36957-8Society The Basics.docx
Deviance7
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Society: The Basics, Eleventh Edition, by John J. Macionis. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
• Why does every
society have
deviance?
• How does who and
what are defined as
deviant reflect social
inequality?
• What effect has
punishment had in
reducing crime in the
United States?
Watch the Core
Concepts in Sociology video
“Infidelity” on mysoclab.com
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Society: The Basics, Eleventh Edition, by John J. Macionis. Published by Prentice Hall. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
This chapter explores issues involving crime and criminals, asking
not only how our criminal justice system handles offenders but also
why societies develop standards of right and wrong in the first place.
As you will see, the law is simply one part of a complex system of
social control: Society teaches us all to conform, at least most of the
time, to countless rules. We begin our investigation by defining sev-
eral basic concepts.
What Is Deviance?
Deviance is the recognized violation of cultural norms. Norms guide
virtually all human activities, so the concept of deviance is quite broad.
One category of deviance is crime, the violation of a society’s formally
enacted criminal law. Even criminal deviance spans a wide range, from
minor traffic violations to prostitution, sexual assault, and murder.
Most familiar examples of nonconformity are negative instances
of rule breaking, such as stealing from a campus bookstore, assault-
ing a fellow student, or driving while intoxicated. But we also define
especially righteous people—students who speak up too much in
class or people who are overly enthusiastic about the latest electronic
gadgets—as deviant, even if we give them a measure of respect. What
all deviant actions or attitudes, whether negative or positive, have in
common is some element of difference that causes us to think of
another person as an “outsider” (H. S. Becker, 1966).
Not all deviance involves action or even choice. The very
existence of some categories of people can be troublesome to others.
To the young, elderly people may seem hopelessly “out of touch,”and to
some whites, the mere presence of people of color may cause dis-
comfort. Able-bodied people often view people with disabilities as an
out-group, just as rich people may shun the poor for falling short of
their high-class standards.
Social Control
All of us are subject to social control, attempts by society to regulate
people’s thoughts and behavior. Often this process is informal, as when
parents praise or scold their children or when friends make fun of a
classmate’s choice of music. Cases of serious deviance, however, may
bring action by the criminal justice system, the organizations—police,
courts, and prison officials—that respond to alleged violations of the
law.
How a society defines deviance, who is branded as deviant, and
what people decide to do about deviance all .
Understanding Hate Crimes And Recognizing Victims
Here are the key aspects of social constructionism as it relates to understanding terrorism:
- Social constructionism examines how humans jointly construct understandings of concepts and realities through social interactions and perceptions. There is no single objective reality.
- Definitions of terrorism are socially constructed - there is no universally agreed upon definition. What constitutes a terrorist act depends on social and political perspectives and contexts.
- Different societies, cultures, and political groups may construct the definition and understanding of terrorism in different and sometimes opposing ways based on their own perspectives and experiences.
- The social construction of terrorism influences politics, law, and conflict. How terrorism is defined and understood shapes counterterrorism policies and designations of terrorist groups. It influences the "
ip3 JUVENILES CRIME AND THE COURT SYSTEM GIBSONDfinal
This document discusses juvenile crime and the justice system's treatment of juvenile offenders. It provides an overview of waiver procedures that allow juveniles to be tried as adults and describes three relevant Supreme Court cases on this issue. The document argues against waiving juveniles to adult court, asserting that incarcerating youth with adult criminals can further harm juvenile offenders rather than rehabilitate them. It suggests alternative approaches focused on understanding why juveniles commit crimes, listening to them, providing support and education, and treating them with care, love and rehabilitation rather than punishment.
The_Role_of_Feelings_chapter_3[1].pptx
This PowerPoint focus on chapter 3 from the textbook Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues (NINTH EDITION)
The role of feelings in Ethics
CJ302 Final Exam1. What is your response to the argument t.docx
CJ302 Final Exam
1. What is your response to the argument that the death penalty is disproportionately imposed on minorities and the poor? Consider the following: What was the finding of the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of McCleskey v. Kemp, and how has this case changed the approach used by defense attorneys in capital cases? Finally, state your opinion on the Supreme Courts’ holdings in McCleskey v. Kemp.
The death penalty is the ultimate punishment for a criminal offender but as with other aspects of the criminal justice system there is a potential bias for the minority. In fact critics of the death penalty find the death penalty is disproportionately imposed on minorities and they would be correct. It is a well known fact there are more minorities on death row and in fact in some states the difference in minorities and non minorities on death row is significant. For example in Texas 70% of criminal offenders on death row are minorities (Dieter, 2013). The problem is in Texas minorities make up less than 25% of the entire population.
In the case of McCleskey v. Kemp, McClesky claimed based on a quantitative study conducted by Professor David Baldus of the University of Iowa Law School the Georgia's death penalty is racially biased. The Supreme Court ruled the claim made by McCleksy was too broad and any racial discrimination must apply to his individual case with actors in the criminal justice system violating his constitutional rights. Based on this ruling a criminal defendant cannot claim a system-wide pattern of racial disparity but must instead prove a specific actor involved in their case caused the constitutional violation. This ruling is wrong because it is far more important to recognize a system-wide pattern of racial disparity.
Dieter, R. (2013). The Death Penalty in Black and White: Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Decides. Retrieved June 26, 2013 from http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/death-penalty-black-and-white-who-lives-who-dies-who-decides
2. Name at least three unintended consequences of an ever-increasing prison population? Give concrete examples of each. Discuss the political and social effects of these consequences. Are they acceptable? Explain your reasoning.
America currently has the largest prison population in the world and as a result the prisons are extremely overcrowded. When prisons are overcrowded there is no room for criminal offenders. The prison will have to get creative in housing the criminal offender. In some cases prison inmates are warehoused in the common areas of the prison or they are crammed into two man cells (Howard, 2002). One consequence from the overcrowding is a reduction in safety for both the inmate and prison guard. The overcrowding makes it difficult for prison staff to properly control prisoners making their job more difficult.
The second consequence is poor living conditions. When prisons are overcrowded the correctional system just struggles to house the inmates. Providing med.
Unit III Criminological Theories Related to Juvenile .docx
Unit III: Criminological
Theories Related to Juvenile
Delinquency
Introduction
• As we move into Unit III of your Juvenile Delinquency course,
we will start to examine and analyze the underlying reasons of
why juveniles commit delinquent acts and/or status offenses.
Criminological Theories
• Criminology itself is the study of theories that attempt to
provide an understanding of criminal behavior and/or crime.
• In this unit, we will take a closer look at criminological theories
related to juvenile delinquency, and in particular, juvenile gangs
in America.
• Before we start into your readings for this unit, let’s examine
the following question: In your opinion, why do juveniles
commit delinquent acts and/or status offenses?
• If you forgot what status offense means, make sure you revisit
Unit I and Unit II of this course to refresh your memory.
Little John: A Juvenile’s Story
• Watch the video about interactions
between Officer McDonald and Little
John, a juvenile
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/csu_c
ontent/courses/emergency_services/bcj/bc
j2201/15K/video/unitiii_video.mp4
• Click here to access the transcript for this
video.
Let’s begin this unit with learning more about Little John.
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/csu_content/courses/emergency_services/bcj/bcj2201/15K/video/unitiii_video.mp4
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Emergency_Services/BCJ/BCJ2201/15K/transcripts/BCJ2201_UnitIII_Transcript.pdf
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/csu_content/courses/emergency_services/bcj/bcj2201/15K/video/unitiii_video.mp4
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/csu_content/courses/emergency_services/bcj/bcj2201/15K/video/unitiii_video.mp4
Criminological Theories
• Throughout the years, the truth has been sought by requesting
guidance from kings, priests, and philosophers.
• Today, however, we utilize science, which offers more accurate
answers.
• The two basic tools of science are theory and research.
• Research includes the collection of data that leads to the
identification of important variables as well as any related
variables. This, in turn, leads to new directions.
Criminological Theories
• A theory attempts to explain the events in the world (Bartollas
& Miller, 2011). It seeks to provide an explanation for the who,
what, when, where, why, and how events occur.
• Although theories try to explain events, they are not final. For
example, one theory may explain one behavior but not
another. Additionally, a theory may not explain a behavior for
all individuals.
Criminological Theories
• In the study of juvenile delinquency, there are some prominent
criminological theories that take center stage when examining
the complex issue of juvenile delinquency:
• rational choice theory,
• social learning theory, and
• strain theory.
• It is not to say that these are the only theories that exist in the
study of criminology; however, these three pa ...
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The document discusses the definitions and issues surrounding use of force and excessive force by police officers. It defines use of force as actions by police that are equal to or greater than the level of resistance from a suspect. Excessive force is considered any force beyond what is necessary in a situation. The document examines factors that can influence excessive force such as police training, leadership, social environment, and individual officer attitudes. It also discusses ethical frameworks like utilitarianism and egoism for analyzing use of force policies and incidents.
Safety and sexual violence against women and girls with disabilities in Kumas...
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Juvenile delinquency - Governors State University
- 1. Juvenile Delinquency Theories of Crime Deviance – CJUS 411 Dr. George Ackerman by Tabatha Crump
- 2. • In 1964, the United Nations report juvenile delinquency existed and has become a widespread problem. Any attempts to rectify delinquency in highly developed countries were unsuccessful. • According to Sutherland, Differential association theory explains deviance in terms of individual's social relationships. “Criminal behavior is learnable and learned in interaction with other deviant persons (Sutherland, 1974)”. • Sutherland believes criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others and not inherited. • Warr and Stafford believes delinquency is socially transmitted and stemmed from behavior of peers. Theorists found juvenile’s associates have an overwhelming impact on their behavior.
- 3. Judge sentences Colt Lundy to 30 years in prison Boy killed his stepfather in April Updated: Monday, 27 Sep 2010, 6:55 PM EDT http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZIUzGDc2S4
- 4. • Juveniles can easily be manipulated in a destructive way by their peers. Overall the primary goal is to accomplish a practical juvenile court system to address juvenile delinquency here in the US and internationally. • Controversy continues when attempting to establish international standards, age of criminal responsibility, selecting juvenile justice models and functional systems. • A principal aim for the juvenile court system is to prevent offending and re offending by children and young people worldwide.
- 5. A Missouri teenager who confessed to strangling, cutting and stabbing a 9-year-old neighbor because she wanted to know how it felt to kill someone was sentenced Wednesday to life in prison with the possibility of parole. (Feb. 8, 2012) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xKlg61OXxdM
- 6. "Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding delinquency and crime as a social phenomena. It includes within its scope the process of making laws, breaking laws, and of reacting toward the breaking of laws. These processes are three aspects of a somewhat unified sequence of interactions. The objective of criminology is the development of a body of general and verified and principles and of other types of knowledge regarding this process of law, crime, and reaction to crime." (Edwin Sutherland, 1974: 3) Here is a video link to demonstrate what life is like for Juveniles in Prison http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vjn59b7veGE
- 7. References Sutherland, Edwin. (1974). Differential Association Theory . (2012) Retrieved May 1, 2013, from http://criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/sutherland.html Shoemaker, D.J. (1996) . Theories of Delinquency: An Examination of Explanations of Delinquent Behavior. Retrieved May 1, 2013, from https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/AbstractDB/AbstractDBDetails.aspx?id=161347 Kvaraceus, William. (1964) Juvenile delinquency a problem for the modern world. Retrieved May 1, 2013, from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001334/133429eo.pdf