Internet piracy and book sales
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This document summarizes the results of a field experiment on the impact of internet piracy on book sales in Poland. The experiment involved 11 Polish publishers who provided sales data for 249 book titles over more than a year. The titles were split into matched pairs based on attributes like publication date. For each pair, one book was protected from piracy (enforcement treatment) while the other was not (control treatment). The experiment found no significant differences in sales between the protected and unprotected books, suggesting that internet piracy may not currently pose a threat to the Polish book industry. The results were robust to additional checks and regressions analyzing potential heterogeneous effects.
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Copyright ©2002, William M.K. Trochim, All Rights Reserved
Key sampling conceptsDistinction between the theoretical population and the actual study populationGeneralizations can be made only to the actual population
Theoretical Population
The Study or Accessible Population
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Study
Sampling Frame
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This document provides guidance for students completing a critical investigation and linked production piece assignment. It outlines that the assignment consists of a 2000 word critical investigation (50% of the grade) exploring a contemporary media text, theme or issue and a related 5 minute maximum production piece (32% of grade). Students can complete individual or group work. The critical investigation should demonstrate an in-depth exploration and analysis of the chosen topic through appropriate research and sources. Suggested non-written formats for the investigation include a DVD commentary or wiki. The production piece should be linked to and informed by the critical investigation. Examples of possible topics and production pieces are provided. Guidance is given around group work, timelines, choosing appropriate topics and maintaining a
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FCS 681 Lecture 5SamplingWhat is sampling and Wh.docx
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Cel: oszacować wpływ inkluzywności władz spółek na ich wyniki.
Co wiemy?
• Większość firm nie ma równosci płci w organach (ILO, 2015)
• Większość firm nie ma w ogóle kobiet we władzach
Gender board diversity and firm performance
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What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightness
What's a worker’s market? Job quality and labour market tightnessLabour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.Who Is Abhay Bhutada, MD of Poonawalla Fincorp
Abhay Bhutada, the Managing Director of Poonawalla Fincorp Limited, is an accomplished leader with over 15 years of experience in commercial and retail lending. A Qualified Chartered Accountant, he has been pivotal in leveraging technology to enhance financial services. Starting his career at Bank of India, he later founded TAB Capital Limited and co-founded Poonawalla Finance Private Limited, emphasizing digital lending. Under his leadership, Poonawalla Fincorp achieved a 'AAA' credit rating, integrating acquisitions and emphasizing corporate governance. Actively involved in industry forums and CSR initiatives, Abhay has been recognized with awards like "Young Entrepreneur of India 2017" and "40 under 40 Most Influential Leader for 2020-21." Personally, he values mindfulness, enjoys gardening, yoga, and sees every day as an opportunity for growth and improvement.
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一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...
Bridging the gap: Online job postings, survey data and the assessment of job ...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.Earn a passive income with prosocial investing
Invest in prosocial funds that earn you an income while improving the world
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...
Does teamwork really matter? Looking beyond the job posting to understand lab...Labour Market Information Council | Conseil de l’information sur le marché du travail
Vicinity Jobs’ data includes more than three million 2023 OJPs and thousands of skills. Most skills appear in less than 0.02% of job postings, so most postings rely on a small subset of commonly used terms, like teamwork.
Laura Adkins-Hackett, Economist, LMIC, and Sukriti Trehan, Data Scientist, LMIC, presented their research exploring trends in the skills listed in OJPs to develop a deeper understanding of in-demand skills. This research project uses pointwise mutual information and other methods to extract more information about common skills from the relationships between skills, occupations and regions.falcon-invoice-discounting-a-strategic-approach-to-optimize-investments
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
一比一原版(GWU,GW毕业证)加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证如何办理
GWU,GW毕业证录取书【微信95270640】一比一伪造加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校文凭@假冒GWU,GW毕业证成绩单+Q微信95270640办理GWU,GW学位证书@仿造GWU,GW毕业文凭证书@购买加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证成绩单GWU,GW真实使馆认证/真实留信认证回国人员证明
全套服务：加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证成绩单真实回国人员证明 #真实教育部认证。让您回国发展信心十足#铸就十年品质！信誉！实体公司！可以视频看办公环境样板如需办理真实可查可以先到公司面谈勿轻信小中介黑作坊！
可以提供加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校钢印 #水印 #烫金 #激光防伪 #凹凸版 #最新版的毕业证 #百分之百让您绝对满意
印刷DHL快递毕业证 #成绩单7个工作日真实大使馆教育部认证1个月。为了达到高水准高效率
请您先以qq或微信的方式对我们的服务进行了解后如果有加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证成绩单帮助再进行电话咨询。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单如何办理：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作加利福尼亚大学|尔湾分校毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。口水苦涩无比山娃一边游泳一边念念不忘那元门票尤令山娃气愤的是泳池老板居然硬让父亲买了一大一小二条巴掌般大的裤衩衩走出泳池山娃感觉透身粘粘乎乎散发着药水味有点痒山娃顿时留恋起家乡的小河潺潺活水清凉无比日子就这样孤寂而快乐地过着寂寞之余山娃最神往最开心就是晚上无论多晚多累父亲总要携山娃出去兜风逛夜市流光溢彩人潮涌动的都市夜生活总让山娃目不暇接惊叹不已父亲老问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦在
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Internet piracy and book sales
- 1. Internet piracy and book sales. A field experiment. Wojciech Hardy Michał Krawczyk EEA 2015 Joanna Tyrowicz Group for Research in APplied Economics
- 2. Summary of the results Book industry representatives’ concern about internet piracy might be exaggerated. (At least) for now. • sssssssss 2
- 3. • Many studies for film and music industries. • Mixed results depending on: – The methodology. – The analyzed good. – The analyzed period. • A few studies on book industry. But: – Small-scale (almost case studies). – Specific genres of books. – Not really on piracy. 3 Design RecruitmentLiterature Matching Treatment Main problems: Seasonal effects Causality Omitted variable Perfect tool? Experiments!
- 4. In general • The sample should be: – Large (for statistical inference). – Varied (for representativeness). – Long (to control for seasonal effects). • The experimental methodology would deal with: – Reverse causality (a reference group). – Omitted variables (randomized treatment application). In detail • Acquire book data. • Match them in groups (two or more books as similar as possible!). • Protect one randomly chosen book in each pair. • Do it for a year. • Compare the two outcomes. 4 Design RecruitmentLiterature Matching Treatment Contribution? New industry New methodology New conclusions
- 5. • Around 70 Polish publishers contacted. • 11 accepted. • 9 went through with providing all of the data • Data on 249 titles for over a year • Different genres: legal, business, linguistic, fiction, fantasy, etc. • Both medium and larger publishers, • Both popular and niche titles 5 Design RecruitmentLiterature Matching Treatment
- 6. We split them into matched pairs (groups) The variables they are matched on: – Publication date & edition – Page count – Versions available (type of cover, digital) – Sales forecasts (monthly) – Number of unauthorized copies found prior to the experiment Matching results: – Groups of two: 94 – Groups of three: 13 – Groups of five: 1 6 Design RecruitmentLiterature Matching Treatment
- 7. Within each group we have randomly picked protected and control titles. Thus both groups were comparable. We did nothing to the Control Treatment (CT) group. Agency Plagiat.pl removed unauthorized copies from the Enforcement Treatment (ET) group. We observed both groups between 11.2012 and 9.2013. 7 Design RecruitmentLiterature Matching Treatment A note on file-sharing in Poland. Alexa ranking of „most popular websites”: Chomikuj.pl – 17th Pirate Bay – 66th
- 8. 1) Data from Plagiat.pl 2) Counterfactual excercise: searched for 20 titles each (RA’s). – Found fewer protected books. – If found – searched longer. – If found – mostly non-standard sources. 8 Manipulation check
- 9. • We received sales data. • Some distribution. • They could be negative (what we did) • Smth by genre? 9 Sales data
- 10. Experimental data, no need for regressions • No difference in sales, or variance 10 Tests
- 11. 11 Tests
- 12. • Let’s recheck our strategy and add controls. • No results! 12 Regressions – if heterogeneity
- 13. • Popularity? (see this and that) • No results! 13 Regressions – if distributional effects
- 14. • Good thing about piracy that you don’t need a result 14 Conclusions We have performed a large field experiment on piracy’s impact on book sales. We applied a robust methodology and checked for more complex relationships. Internet piracy does not seem to pose a threat to the book industry. Of course, the situation is likely to evolve quickly.
- 15. Thank you for your attention! Author: Joanna Tyrowicz e-mail: j.tyrowicz@uw.edu.pl More about our research on http://grape.uw.edu.pl/ipiracy Twitter: @GrapeUW