Acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury is a term used to describe an injury to the top of the shoulder, where the front of the shoulder blade (acromion) attaches to the collarbone (clavicle).
Hand rehabilitation following flexor tendon injuriesAbey P Rajan
hand rehabilitation following flexor tendon injuries include introduction, clinical anatomy, tendon nutrition, tendon healing, post op. management, special cases, summary
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury is a term used to describe an injury to the top of the shoulder, where the front of the shoulder blade (acromion) attaches to the collarbone (clavicle).
Hand rehabilitation following flexor tendon injuriesAbey P Rajan
hand rehabilitation following flexor tendon injuries include introduction, clinical anatomy, tendon nutrition, tendon healing, post op. management, special cases, summary
Abstract
Objective: To assess the outcome of arthroscopic release in patients with cronicalchronic lateral epicondylitis. Materials and methods: Arthroscopic release in three patients with lateral epicondylitis was performed. The Mayo Elbow Performance Index (or Mayo Elbow Performance score) was used pre and post surgical treatment. Sample: Two females and one male. The patients were principal labourers and not athletes. Patients had significant pain and pain was the principal symptom that affected the score of the performance index.
Results: Scores on the performance index improved after surgery. No neurological complications were reported and early return to normal daily activities was noted.
Conclusion: Arthroscopic treatment was an alternative safe and effective method for treating chronic lateral epicondiyitis in three cases. This method makes it possible to simultaneously scan the articulation to diagnostic and treatment associated diseases. It is necessary most wide assays and comparative studies for establish sure treatment protocols.
Objective: Tennis elbow is an inflammatory condition of the common extensor origin over the lateral epicondyle. This condition does not affect tennis players only. It often follows an injury or sudden contraction of the common extensor origin.There is many treatments and approaches towards Tennis elbow but physiotherapy is the best modern conservative treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of movement with mobilization in reducing pain and increasing strength in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis. Design and setting: A randomized controlled study design was used to examine the differences between conventional physical therapy and physical therapy with manual mobilization approach for study duration of 15 days. Subjects: Twelve subjects of both male and female gender were divided into 2 groups. Experimental group treated with ultrasound therapy, mobilization and progressive resisted exercises. Control group treated with ultrasound therapy and progressive resisted exercises only the results were analyzed. The procedure was done in Physiotherapy Department at Masterskill college of Nursing and health. Outcome Measurement: Two outcome measures were used. NPRS for the measurement of severity of pain and various weighted sand bags (0.25 kg to 2kg) were used to measure the strength. Results: The data shows a significant difference in the post test values of pain and strength between experimental group and control group. Experimental group shows much decrease in pain and increase in strength than the control group. Conclusion: The study concludes that the manual mobilization with movement along with ultrasound therapy and progressive resisted exercises is effective in reducing pain and increasing strength than that of progressive resisted exercise along with ultra sound therapy in adults with chronic lateral epicondylitis.
Effectiveness of Progressive Inhibition of Neuromuscular Structures (PINS) an...MusaDanazumi
Abstract- Background and aim: Lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy has been one of the most difficult conditions to manage in orthopedic manual therapy. While there are many clinical studies concerning the standardization of surgical treatment, there is to date no standardized literatures for the most effective non-operative care for lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy which suggest that extreme measures to ameliorate lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy are urgently warranted. In this study, a 35 year old man who was diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation and was planned for lumbar surgery due to failure of medical interventions was successfully treated using non-operative management.
Method: The management of the patient included Progressive Inhibition of Neuromuscular Structures (PINS), Spinal Mobilization with Leg Movement (SMWLM) and Therapeutic exercises inform of lumbar stabilization and stretching exercises. The patient was seen three times in a week over the period of 6 weeks after which the patient was discharged home without having lumbar surgery. Patient was assessed before and after treatments and during one and two year follow-ups using; Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in the back and leg, Sciatica Bothersome Index (SBI), Sciatica Frequency Index (SFI) and Rolland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) for sciatica.
Results: After six weeks of management the patient had decreased in functional limitation (from 19 to 6), back pain (from 8 to 0), leg pain (from 10 to 2), sciatica frequency (from 18 to 8) and sciatica bothersomeness (from 18 to 8). These outcomes were maintained after one and two year follow-ups.
Conclusion: Progressive inhibition of neuromuscular structures and spinal mobilization with leg movement are effective in the management of patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy.
Implication: Progressive inhibition of neuromuscular structures and spinal mobilization with leg movement may be considered as useful therapeutic non-operative measures for patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy.
Index Terms- Progressive Inhibition of Neuromuscular Structures; Spinal Mobilization with Leg Movement; Lumbar Disc Herniation with Radiculopathy.
A Study to compare the effect of Open versus Closed kinetic chain exercises i...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Background And Purpose Of The Study: Patello-femoral arthritis is the most common type of
arthritis especially older people sometimes it is called as degenerative joint disease. Patello- femoral arthritis is
one of the common causes of physical disability in adults. It is the second most common cause of chronic
conditions. 50% of older persons after 55 years are affected. Some of the young people get arthritis from the
joint injuries. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in our nation more than other systemic diseases like
heart diseases, cancer and diabetes. There are many therapeutic interventions for the treatment of patellofemoral
arthritis. The study is to determine whether closed kinetic chain exercise offer any advantages over
open kinetic chain exercises.
Method: The patients are randomly selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two
groups. Group A and Group B. Group A is trained with closed kinetic chain exercise and Group B is trained
with open kinetic chain exercises for a period of 12 weeks. the pre and post treatment readings of VAS and
KUJALA scale are taken in both groups for statistical analysis.
Results: The results showed reduction in pain and improvement in functional activity in both Group A and
Group B, significant improvement has been noted in Group A after 12 weeks of training.
Conclusion: This study shows that there was significant improvement in functional ability and reduction of pain
as a result of both open and closed kinetic chain exercises program. There are only few significant differences
between closed kinetic chain exercises (GROUP-A) and open kineticchain exercises (GROUP-B). It reviles that
closed kinetic chain exercises are more effective in the treatment of patello-femoral arthritis than the
(GROUP-B) open kinetic chain exercises
A 31-years old male went through a complex scenario of a simple middle third fracture Femur through infection and multiple unwise unplanned decisions.
https://www.instagram.com/p/Cq8OAwRI7lV/
WHAT TO DO AS AN FLL PROJECT JUDGE!!!
#FIRST #LEGO #LEAGUE #FLL #JUDGES #PROJECT #PROBLEM #SOLUTION #INNOVATION #TEAMWORK #PRESENTATION #SHARING #SCIENCE #ROBOTICS #INNOVATION #DR_AZANKI
Ilizarov Methods versus Masquelet’s Technique in Management of Segmental Skel...Abdallah El-Azanki
** PhD Thesis protocol submitted for partial fulfillment of PhD Degree in orthopedic surgery.
**By:
Abdallah Ibrahim Jomaa El Azanki MD, MSc
Faculty of Medicine -- Mansoura University
** Supervisors
Prof. Brakat Sayed Elalfy
Professor of orthopedic surgery
Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University
Prof. Nabil Ahmed Elmoghazy
Professor of orthopedic surgery
Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University
Dr. Sallam Ibrahim Fawzy
Assistant Professor of orthopedic surgery
Faculty of Medicine - Mansoura University
ROAD TO MEDICAL RESIDENCY ( Germany ,UK and North America) #dr_azanki #WSIG-LUAbdallah El-Azanki
Brief explanation for medical residency needs in the mentioned countries .
Where & How to start?
How much each exam will cost?
Time needed to prepare for exams?
Residency duration in Germany, UK, USA, Canada?
Salaries per year while residency !!
Neck of femur and Distal end radius fracture case... evidence based #dr_azankiAbdallah El-Azanki
a 46 years old patient with ipsilateral neck femur and distal end radius fracture, the aim of this lecture is to highlight the deficit of evidence base or literature for such combined cases and to stimulate orthopedic surgeons in reporting how did they manage their cases.
#dr_azanki
Distal End Radius Fracture are quiet frequent, but some are complex fracture which requires a special care in diagnosis and management (according to certain algorithm )...this is a presentation transforming the review article by the american academy of orthopedic surgery into a simple and useful presentation. #dr_azanki
WALANT -Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet Surgery Technique Abdallah El-Azanki
Local anesthesia mixed with epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate , this mixture is called WIDE AWAKE , and it got an injection technique ...this is in brief called "WALANT" (wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet) #dr_azanki
Wide Awake Technique for hand surgery--introduction #dr_azankiAbdallah El-Azanki
local anesthesia mixed with epinephrine and sodium bicarbonate , this mixture is called WIDE AWAKE , and it got an injection technique ...this is in brief called "WALANT" (wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet) #dr_azanki
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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Joints contractures #dr_azanki
1. Joint Contractures Resulting From
Prolonged Immobilization: Etiology, Prevention,
and Management
Journal Club
Presented by :
Ahmed Reda Noaman
Orthopedic Surgery Resident (R2)
Abdallah Jomaa El Azanki
Orthopedic Surgery As. Lecturer
2. - Review article
- Published in Journal of American Acadermy of Orthopedic
Surgeons , 2017
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery , Brown university , Alpert
Medical School , Providence , RI , USA .
Authors
Christopher T. Born, MD
Joseph A. Gil, MD
Avi D. Goodman, MD
3. ABOUT THE ARTICLE
What the research question ?
Joint contractures , How to prevent and manage ?
What did they do ?
They reviewed about 41 study about :
- Precautions
- conservative treatment
- Surgical management
4. EVIDENCE BASED
MEDICINE
This article revied many studies with majority of
“Level II & IV” of EBS
EBM levelNo. of studies
Level I2
Level II11
Level III7
Level IV15
Level V6
5. ABSTRACT
- Joint contractures are a common & serious complication in
patients with prolonged immobilization .
- Contractures lead to : - Increase pain level
- Risk of fall
- Pressure ulcer
- Greater disability
- Mobility Morbidity & Mortality .
- Contractures can be prevented by non surgical intervention .
- Once contractures developed the surgery is often required .
6. ETIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, &
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- Contractures arise from altered viscoelastic properties in the
periarticular connective tissue .
- Within 2 weeks pathologic change seen by clinical &
experimental evidence .
Lack of ROM can be result from
- Extrinsic causes ( eg, Neurologic injury , overlying burn , etc. )
- Intrinsic causes ( eg, painful osteoarthritis , inflammatory synovitis )
7. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
mobility the number of sarcomeres the cross
section area loss of muscle mass and length .
Lack of mechanical stimulation Degenerative enzymes
Pathway of cadherins
protein involved
in cell adhesion .
8. Therefore, the connective tissue which is less elastic &
the muscle mass decreased, Eventually joint contracture
develop .
This process plateaus after 8 weeks .
- In the first 2 weeks muscular limitation play the mean
role which is reversible .
- After 4 weeks , the connective tissue play is irreversible .
9. PREVENTION AND NON SURGICAL
MANAGEMENT
- Passive stretching
- Continuous passive motion
- Splinting
- Serial casting
- Neuromuscular Electrical
Stimulation
- Botulinum toxin injection
10. PASSIVE STRETCHING
- Passive stretching is frequently the first line of nonsurgical intervention .
- Williams 1990 , prevent loss of sarcomeres & muscle atrophy (30 min P.S)
- Morris et al 2008 , found that the ICU stay was shorter with P. Stretching
In contrast,
Katalinic et al 2010 , evaluate 35 studies and found that no
clinically relevant effect on joint mobility over time.
11. CONTINUOUS PASSIVE MOTION
- Griffiths et al 1995 found that CPM diminished protein
loss and msfiber atrophy , But it did not prevent
muscle wasting .
- Chaudhry and Bhandari 2015 , concluded that CPM had
no value after TKA (Cochrane review) .
12. SPLINTING
- Meyers 2010 , splinting was useful in prevention of equinus
contractures in ICU patients,
- Splinting should be interrupted with stretching of the
antagonist muscles.
- Glinas et al 2000 , Splinting restores functional ROM in 11 of
22 patients with post-traumatic elbow flexion contracture .
13. SERIAL CASTING
- Singer et al 2004 , Pohl et al 2002
said that serial casting is useful in management of equinus
cntracture in patient with spastic flexion contracture ( Brain
injury & CP )
In contrast ,
Moseley et al 2008: Gains in ROM resulting from serial
casting for post-traumatic elbow contracture diminished over
time.
- Improvement was 22° after casting but only 2° of gained
motion persist at 4 weeks follow up .
14. NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL
STIMULATION
- Williams et al 1998 - rat soleus model
Accelerating reduction of sarcomeres compared with
immobilization alone
- Pandyan et al 1997
management of wrist flexion contractures on a stroke patient…
ROM returning to baseline at 2-week follow-up.
15. BOTULINUM TOXIN
Produced by Clostridium botulinum, botulinum toxin prevents presynaptic
release of acetylcholine and subsequently causes temporary muscle
paralysis .
Hesse et al 1996 , found that injection of botulinum decreased chronic
hemiparetic spasticity and improved gait .
Booth et al 2003 , it gives better results when used with serial casting to
manage the spastic equinus contracture
Although, these results appear promising, the patients were not followed up
16. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
- Once contractures developed (with without previous
precautions) Surgery is often required .
- The goals of surgical interventions
restore motion
muscular balance
18. Shoulder
Arthroscopic capsular release
50 patients included
33 post-traumatic , 6 after fracture , 11 idiopathic
4 patients require open capsular release due to persistent stiffness
19. Elbow
Open capsulotomy Arthroscopic release
15 patients included
61% improvement
3 patients develop transient
nerve palsy
12 patients included
Flexion contracture improved
from 38° to 3° ,
and supination improved
from 45° to 84°
1 PIN palsy reported
1 persistent stiffness reported
20. Knee
Arthroscopic management
19 patients included
routine arthrofibrosis gained 38° of flexion and 11°
of extension
infrapateller contracture syndrome gained 31 ° of
flexion and 14 ° of extension .
4 patients required additional surgery for persistent stiffness
21. Ankle
The technique was performed
through transverse incision
57 patients included
(97 ankles )
mild to moderate
< 20 °
2 patients
( 4 ankles)
reported recurrence
triple hemisection
technique
Severe cases
> 20 °
18 patients were included in
this study ( 25 ankles )
At 25 months
2 recurrences
no tendon ruptures
22. 1. What is the research question and why was it asked ?
2. What is the study type (design)?
3. Selection issues
4. What did they do? Methods
5. What are the study results and outcome factors and how are they measured?
6. What important potential confounders are considered?
7. What is the statistical method in the study?
8. Statistical results
9. What is conclusions about the research question?
10. Study limitations?
11. How do you apply the findings into your daily clinical practice or research?