PHP Buildpacks in the Cloud on Bluemix

Cloud Foundry for PHP developers!
Deploy apps built with the leading open source language
to the leading open source Platform-as-a-Service
‹#›
Daniel Krook!
Senior Certified IT Specialist, IBM"
@DanielKrook

Agenda
§ Cloud 101!
!
§ Introducing Cloud Foundry!
!
§ Demo: Simple PHP app push and MySQL bind!
§ Services in Cloud Foundry!
§ Buildpacks in Cloud Foundry!
§ Demo: Scaling and zero downtime deploys!
§ Considerations for designing PHP apps for the cloud!
§ Demo: Cross-origin resource sharing in microservices!
§ Where to go from here!
!
github.com/krook !
slideshare.net/danielkrook !

Agenda
§ Cloud 101
§ Introducing Cloud Foundry
§ Demo: Simple PHP app push and MySQL bind
§ Services in Cloud Foundry
§ Buildpacks in Cloud Foundry
§ Demo: Scaling and zero downtime deploys
§ Considerations for designing PHP apps for the cloud
§ Demo: Cross-origin resource sharing in microservices
§ Where to go from here
!
Software defined environments!
Cloud operating environment!
API economy!

Software defined environments!Cloud operating environment!API economy!
Infrastructure! Platform! Software!
Applications!
Data!
Runtime!
Middleware!
O/S!
Virtualization!
Servers!
Storage!
Applications!
Data!
Runtime!
Middleware!
O/S!
Virtualization!
Servers!
Storage!
Sys admin (Ops)! App builder (Dev)! Business user (Biz)!
Standardization; lower costs; faster time to value!
Traditional !
on premise!
Applications!
Data!
Runtime!
Middleware!
O/S!
Virtualization!
Servers!
Storage!
Networking!
Networking!
Networking!
Applications!
Data!
Runtime!
Middleware!
O/S!
Virtualization!
Servers!
Storage!
Networking!
Client manages!Vendor manages in cloud!

IaaS: the software defined data center
Software defined environments!
Infrastructure!
Applications!
Data!
Runtime!
Middleware!
O/S!
Virtualization!
Servers!
Storage!
Networking!
Ops!

PaaS: the cloud operating environment
Cloud operating environment!
Platform!
Applications!
Data!
Runtime!
Middleware!
O/S!
Virtualization!
Servers!
Storage!
Networking!
Dev!

SaaS: the API economy
API economy!
Software!
Applications!
Data!
Runtime!
Middleware!
O/S!
Virtualization!
Servers!
Storage!
Networking!
Biz!
OAuth

The key benefits of Platform-as-a-Service for developers
§ There's no need to focus on provisioning, managing, or monitoring the compute, storage, network and software
§ Developers can create working prototypes in a matter of minutes.
§ Developers can create new versions or deploy new code more rapidly
§ Developers can self-assemble services to create integrated applications.
§ Developers can scale applications more elastically by starting more instances.
§ Developers don’t have to worry about underlying operating system and middleware security patches.
§ Developers can mitigate backup and recovery strategies, assuming the PaaS takes care of this.
And the key disadvantages
§ Applications require a different architecture mindset
§ This requires developer skill and awareness of best practices and web app limitations.
§ Don’t have as much control over the underlying infrastructure. Security, versioning, performance considerations.

Agenda
§ Cloud 101
!

Cloud Foundry is the industry’s Open PaaS and provides a choice of clouds, frameworks and
application services. Its unique vision is to foster contributions from a broad community of developers,
users, customers, partners and ISVs while advancing development of the platform at extreme velocity.
cloudfoundry.org

Frameworks and services lend Cloud Foundry its extensibility
Buildpacks (implement frameworks for apps)
detect
compile
release
package
The detect script is used to determine
whether or not to apply the buildpack to an
application.
The compile script builds the droplet that
will be run by the DEA and will therefore
contain all the components necessary to
run the application.
The release script provides feedback
metadata back to Cloud Foundry indicating
how the application should be executed.
The package script provides artifacts, which are
provided to Cloud Foundry as system buildpacks.
package is intended to provide a way for developers
to package a buildpack with its dependencies.
Brokered services (implement an API to provide services)
fetch
provision
bind

Cloud Foundry is built on a highly scalable distributed architecture
Routes incoming traffic to
the appropriate component;
generally the Cloud
Controller or application
Identity management service
for the platform. Acts as an
OAuth2 and SCIM provider.
Monitors the state of
applications and ensures
that the correct number of
instances are running
Exposes a REST API to the
system. Manages a
database of apps, services,
service instances, etc
End user provided code
that is “pushed” to the
cloud and packaged to run
in warden container
Advertises service offerings
to the Cloud Controller and
handles requests to create,
bind, unbind, and delete
service instances.
Managed by the service
gateway, these nodes host
service instances.
A broker that can expose a
service instance to a service
managed outside of the
cloud
A collection of code that is
responsible for transforming
pushed app artifacts into a
ready to run droplet
A pub-sub message bus
implemented with NATS
that’s used for cross
component communication
Droplet Execution Agent –
Advertises capacity to
execute droplets created by
a build pack
A distributed deployment
install and management tool
that abstracts the details of
the IaaS layer

Components collaborate via messaging and REST APIs

BOSH deploys and manages Cloud Foundry clusters on an IaaS
Deployment Manifest
• Release name/version
• # VMs, Job params
• Stemcells to use
Stemcell
• Base OS
• BOSH Agent
Release
• Name
Jobs
• Software Packages
• Config Templates
• Scripts
Deployed
Environment
irtual Machine
• Configuration
Virtual Machine
• Configuration
Virtual Machine
• Configuration
Virtual Machine
• Configuration
Stemcells
In a cloud platform, VMs are usually cloned from a
template. A stemcell is a VM template containing a
standard Ubuntu distribution. A BOSH agent is also
embedded in the template so that BOSH can take
control of VMs cloned from the stemcell.
Jobs
A job is a collection of software which serves a
particular purpose (e.g. MySQL or the Cloud
Controller). At deployment time, each job will be
install on its own stemcell VM.
Releases
A release contains a number of jobs which can be
deployed into the target environment. A deployment
can consist of more than one release and not every
job in a release must be deployed.

The BOSH Cloud Provider Interface (CPI) manages the IaaS resources that Cloud Foundry needs
Stemcells
create_stemcell(image, cloud_properties)
delete_stemcell(stemcell)
Virtual Machines
create_vm(agent_id, stemcell, resource_pool, networks, disk_locality, env)
delete_vm(vm)
reboot_vm(vm)
configure_networks(vm, networks)
Disks
create_disk(size, vm_locality)
delete_disk(disk)
attach_disk(vm, disk)
detach_disk(vm, disk)

Cloud Foundry distributions
Hosted public
§ IBM Bluemix
http://bluemix.net
§ Pivotal WS
http://run.pivotal.io
Self hosting
§ “Try Cloud Foundry” on AWS
https://trycf.starkandwayne.com
§ BOSH bootstrap
https://github.com/cloudfoundry-community/bosh-bootstrap
§ Deploy your own to AWS
http://www.slideshare.net/SpringCentral/build-yourowncf
http://docs.cloudfoundry.org/deploying/ec2/
§ Install on on a laptop
https://github.com/cloudfoundry/bosh-lite
https://github.com/yudai/cf_nise_installer
§ Stackato Micro Cloud
http://www.activestate.com/stackato/get_stackato
Private
§ Pivotal CF

Cloud Foundry versus other Platforms-as-a-Service
http://paasify.it
http://bit.ly/pivotal-paas-compare !
http://bit.ly/altoros-paas-compare !

What about Docker?
There are several projects underway to leverage Docker to host the Cloud
Foundry PaaS, as well as the applications that run on it.

Agenda
§ Cloud 101
!
$ cf push my-php-app

Demo 1: PHP app push and debug
§ Download the Cloud Foundry CLI, log in and target your cloud
§ Clone meetup-cf-php-1 from https://github.com/krook/meetup-cf-php-1.git
§ Create index.php with syntax error
§ cf push meetup-cf-php-1 -m 128M -b https://github.com/dmikusa-pivotal/cf-php-build-pack.git
§ Load page in browser: http://meetup-cf-php-1.mybluemix.net
§ cf logs meetup-cf-php-1 --recent
§ Fix syntax error in index.php!
§ cf push meetup-cf-php-1

Demo 2: PHP app push and bind to MySQL
§ cf push (uses the manifest.yml settings)
§ cf marketplace (view the services catalog)
§ cf create-service mysql 100 meetup-cf-mysql (provision a MySQL service)
§ cf services (view my service instances)
§ cf bind-service meetup-cf-php-2 meetup-cf-mysql (bind the MySQL instance to my PHP app)
§ cf restage meetup-cf-php-2 (make the service available in my VCAP_SERVICES env variable)

Agenda
§ Cloud 101
! $ cf bind-service my-php-app mysql-srv

Cloud Foundry provides several community services

More services can be added with the Cloud Foundry service broker API

Cloud Foundry provides the framework to bind services to your apps

Sample service catalog from Cloud Foundry hosted providers
IBM Bluemix (bluemix.net)! Pivotal WS (run.pivotal.io)!
In addition to a catalog of data, queue, mail, log, push services, providers may offer auto-scaling and DevOps integration

Agenda
§ Cloud 101
! $ cf push my-php-app –b git://…my-bp.git

The Cloud Foundry Heroku buildpack model
Buildpacks implement execution environments for apps. They can be either a raw
language (Java), or with frameworks (Spring, servlet, standalone).
When pushed, the entire application is encapsulated into a “droplet” and is run in an
isolated Linux container on the pool of “droplet execution agents.”
bin/detect
The detect script is used to determine whether or not to apply the buildpack to an
application.
bin/compile
The compile script builds the droplet that will be run by the DEA and will therefore
contain all the components necessary to run the application.
bin/release
The release script provides feedback metadata back to Cloud Foundry indicating how
the application should be executed.
bin/package
The package script provides artifacts, which are provided to Cloud Foundry as system
buildpacks. package is intended to provide a way for developers to package a
buildpack with its dependencies.
Scripts can be written in a variety of languages (bash, Python, Ruby, etc.)

Comparing the popular PHP buildpacks
Source
PHP version
(default)
Web server
(default)
Extensions
(default)
Memory
(minimum)
Notes
Pivotal
(Dan Mikusa)
5.4
(Latest 5.5 and
5.6 also
supported)
Apache
(nginx and
standalone apps
also supported)
Minimal set to
start, lots of
extensions
supported and
can be specified.
96 MB
• Created from the ground up for Cloud Foundry, no Heroku
legacy code
• Supports offline mode
• Supports Composer, but doesn’t require it
• Very configurable (options.json).
• Very actively improved and kept up to date.
• Optimized to download as little as possible
• Supports a wider variety of Ubuntu stem cells
• Supports latest stable PHP 5.4, 5.5, 5.6
• Known to work with popular frameworks, such as
CodeIgniter and Phalcon
• Lots of samples
• Supports other running processes
• Apache 2 license
Heroku
(David Zuelke)
5.5
Apache
(nginx also
supported)
Minimal
128 MB
• Forked from Heroku, still compatible with Heroku
• Supports offline mode
• Requires you use Composer (or fake it) for dependencies
• MIT license
• Known to work with popular projects like WordPress
• Will be built in to future versions of Cloud Foundry
Zend
5.4
(Long term
support through
Zend Server 7)
Apache
All the same
available in Zend
Server 7
512 MB
• Supported by Zend.
• Provides the whole familiar Zend Server GUI.
• Provides a consistent experience between CF and other
cloud delivery models (IaaS, patterns)
• Provides Zend value add: Z-Ray, monitoring, performance,
audit trail, job queue
• Requires MySQL

Pushing an app with a specific buildpack
§ Pivotal
§ cf push my-php-app -b https://github.com/dmikusa-pivotal/cf-php-build-pack.git
§ Heroku
§ cf push my-php-app -b https://github.com/cloudfoundry/php-buildpack.git
§ Zend
§ cf push my-php-app -b https://github.com/zendtech/zend-server-php-buildpack-bluemix.git
§ All support configuration options, but you can also fork one of these and
make your own!

Agenda
§ Cloud 101
!
$ cf scale my-php-app –i 300

Demo 3: Scaling your PHP app up and down
§ cf scale meetup-cf-php-1 -i 3 (scale our app up to 3 instances)
§ cf app meetup-cf-php-1 (view the status of the new instances)
§ Reload several times and watch the hostname change (three will alternate)
§ cf scale meetup-cf-php-1 -i 2 (scale our app down to 2 instances)
§ cf app meetup-cf-php-1 (view the status of the new instances)

Demo 4: Zero downtime deploys
§ cf push meetup-cf-php-blue
§ Load page in browser: http://meetup-cf-php-blue.mybluemix.net
§ cf apps (view the status of the one blue Version 1 instance)
§ cf rename meetup-cf-php-blue meetup-cf-php-green
§ cf apps (view the status of the one renamed green Version 1 instance)
§ Update code to Version 2
§ cf push
§ cf apps (view the status of the blue instance (V2) and green instance (V1) mapped to same domain)
§ Reload page in browser several times to see the alternating versions: http://meetup-cf-php-blue.mybluemix.net
§ cf delete meetup-cf-php-green –f (delete the old green (v1) instance, routing all traffic to blue (V2))
§ Reload page in browser several times to see the new version only: http://meetup-cf-php-blue.mybluemix.net
!

Best practices for microservices architectures
12factor.net!
The 12 factor app is a methodology for building apps that:
• Use declarative formats for setup automation, to minimize time and cost for new
developers joining the project;"
• Have a clean contract with the underlying operating system, offering maximum
portability between execution environments;
• Are suitable for deployment on modern cloud platforms, obviating the need for
servers and systems administration;
• Minimize divergence between development and production, enabling continuous
deployment for maximum agility;
• And can scale up without significant changes to tooling, architecture, or development
practices.
The 12 factor methodology can be applied to apps written in any programming language,
and which use any combination of backing services (database, queue, memory cache, etc).

Designing apps for the cloud: PaaS best practices
Following these guidelines makes an application cloud-friendly, and facilitates deployment to Cloud Foundry and other cloud platforms.
§ Avoid writing to the local filesystem
§ Local file system storage is short-lived
Your application can write local files while it is running, the files will disappear after the application restarts.
§ Instances of the same application do not share a local file system
Each application instance runs in its own isolated container. Thus a file written by one instance is not
visible to other instances of the same application.
§ HTTP sessions are not persisted or replicated
Session data that must be available after an application crashes or stops, or that needs to be shared by all
instances of an application, should be stored in a Cloud Foundry service.
§ Run multiple instances to increase availability
To avoid the risk of an application being unavailable during Cloud Foundry upgrade processes, you should run
more than one instance of an application.
§ Design as if your application can be restarted, destroyed, started at any time!
http://bit.ly/cf-paas-bp !

Pitfall: cross-origin resource sharing (CORS)
As you break monolithic apps into discrete services that are aggregated by a JavaScript front-end, you’ll likely run into an issue with the
sandbox environment of the browser. Standard HTTP headers provide a way to overcome this limitation (http://bit.ly/cf-cors).
http://js-front-end.example.com
http://service-1.example.com
http://www.example.com/service-1

Demo 5: Breaking a monolithic app into microservices
§ http://krook-service-consumer.mybluemix.net
§ http://krook-service-provider.mybluemix.net/non-cors-provider!
§ http://krook-service-provider.mybluemix.net/cors-provider!
!

More complex PHP apps on Cloud Foundry
.
§ WordPress
§ http://bit.ly/cf-wp-zend
§ http://bit.ly/cf-wp-jstart
§ Symfony
§ http://bit.ly/cf-symfony
§ Laravel
§ http://bit.ly/cf-laravel
§ RESTful web services
§ http://bit.ly/cf-rest
§ Piwik
§ http://bit.ly/cf-piwik

Getting started with Cloud Foundry
Basics
§ Trial accounts with hosted providers
http://bluemix.net
§ Cloud Foundry documentation
http://docs.cloudfoundry.org
§ Cloud Foundry community
http://cloudfoundry.org
§ Cloud Foundry on GitHub
https://github.com/cloudfoundry
Advanced
§ “Try Cloud Foundry” on AWS
https://trycf.starkandwayne.com
§ BOSH bootstrap
https://github.com/cloudfoundry-community/bosh-bootstrap
§ Deploy your own to AWS
http://www.slideshare.net/SpringCentral/build-yourowncf
http://docs.cloudfoundry.org/deploying/ec2/
§ Install on on a laptop
https://github.com/cloudfoundry/bosh-lite
https://github.com/yudai/cf_nise_installer
§ Stackato Micro Cloud
http://www.activestate.com/stackato/get_stackato

Cloud Foundry for PHP developers!
Deploy apps built with the leading open source language
to the leading open source Platform-as-a-Service
‹#›
Daniel Krook!
Senior Certified IT Specialist, IBM"
@danielkrook

PHP Buildpacks in the Cloud on Bluemix

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