Mainstream is an innovative renewable energy company founded in 2008 with over 100 employees. It has secured projects totaling over 7 GW across Europe, North America, South Africa, and Chile. A supergrid is proposed as an interconnected transmission system to facilitate large-scale renewable power generation in remote areas for transmission to demand centers. It would enhance electricity markets in Europe and require coordination between countries. HVDC transmission becomes more economical than AC transmission over long distances.

1. SupergridJoe Corbett, Head of Technical Services10th May 2010

2. Introduction to Mainstream

3. An introduction to Mainstream Founded in February 2008

4. Innovative, entrepreneurial and ambitious global renewable energy company

5. Owned by Eddie O’Connor and Staff/Management

6. 100+ Employees

7. Management Team Includes:

8. Dr. Eddie O’Connor: Founder & Chief Executive Officer

9. Fintan Whelan: Co-Founder & Corporate Finance Director

10. Andy Kinsella: Executive Director and CEO, Offshore

11. Torben Andersen: Executive Director and CEO, Onshore

12. Board Members Include:

13. Fintan Drury: Chairman

14. Chuck Watson Former Chairman and CEO of Dynegy Inc

15. Sir Roy Gardner Former CEO of Centrica

16. Brendan Halligan Chairman, Sustainable Energy Ireland

17. John Lavery Co-Founder, Airtricity

18. Mark Brown Barclays Capital3

19. Jan ’10: UK: Mainstream and Siemens Project Ventures awarded a contract to develop 4GW as part of The Crown Estate’s Round 3 offshore wind farm programme4Jun ’09: US: Acquired from FPC Services, Illinois 787 MWMay ’09: Germany: Working towards securing exclusive license for 1,000 MW siteMar ’09: South Africa: Signed JV with Genesis Eco-Energy for 500 MWMar ’09: Canada: Signed JV with AWEC for 400 MWFeb ’09: Scotland: Awarded exclusive license for 450 MW offshore siteMilestones achieved to date Dec ’08: Raised €26m non-bank mezzanine facilityNov ’08: Chile: Signed JV with Andes Energy for initial 400 MW pipelineAug ’08: Raised €40m equity; €20m from Barclays Capital, €20m from the Board, management, staff and HNWI’sFeb ’08: Seed equity of €32m from foundersFebruary 2008

20. Scotland (Offshore)Secured pipeline to date: up to 450 MWUK (Offshore)Secured pipeline to date: 4 GWCanada (Onshore)Secured pipeline to date: 400 MWUnited States (Onshore)Secured pipeline to date: 757 MW Chile (Onshore)Secured pipeline to date: 400MWSouth Africa (Onshore)Secured pipeline to date: 500 MWGermany (Offshore)Secured pipeline to date: 1,000 MWTarget markets5

21. The Supergrid

22. DriversSingle MarketCompetitionEnergy SecuritySustainabilityRenewable Energy Targets

23. Context2050 EuropeWind 50%Solar 30%Other 20%1.5 TW of Offshore Wind!

24. Generation Mix - 2050

25. Recent Plans (example)10

26. Supergrid is defined as: “an electricity transmission system, mainly based on direct current, designed to facilitate large-scale sustainable power generation in remote areas for transmission to centres of consumption, one of whose fundamental attributes will be the enhancement of the market in electricity.”

27. The Friends of the Supergrid: “is a group of companies and organisations with a mutual interest in promoting the policy agenda for a European Supergrid.”Visit www.friendsofthesupergrid.eu

28. Other InitiativesNorth Seas Countries Offshore Grid InitiativeAdamowitsch GroupSuper Smart GridENTSO-EERGEG/CEER

29. Supergrid – phase 114

30. Power Transfer CapabilityAC versus HVDC transmission400 kV AC lineOverhead lines320 kV DC lineThree 400 kV AC cablesCablesTwo 320 kVDC cables

31. What is HVDC transmission?SendingEndReceivingEndDC LineInverterRectifierRConvertor/ transformerVdcFFIdcCapacitor/FilteriiIdciIacIacttt

32. Submarine Cable TransmissionACACACACACACDC CableBack-to-Back InterconnectionLong Distance OHL TransmissionDC LineHVDC Uses

33. StationCostLines & StationsComparable costs: AC vs DCDCBreak EvenDistanceDCConvertorStationsAC800kmOverheadLine50kmSubmarineCableAC Sub-stationsTransmissionDistance7341200When does HVDC make Sense?

34. TechnologyBulk Power Transfers over Long Distance between SuperNodesHVDCVoltage Source ConverterSuperconducting PipesMinimum LossesDemand Side ManagementSmart GridPricing ResponseTransport Fleet

35. Compare 765kV AC with Superconductor PipeSource: American Superconductor20

36. Source: American Superconductor

37. SuperNode ConceptSUPERNODE CONCEPT2.4GW2 x 500MW2 x 500MW400kV2.4GW±320kVConverter Station±320kV2.4GW2.4GW2 x 500MW2 x 500MW

38. Cost: Supergrid – phase 123

39. How much will it Cost?

40. What do we Need?EU RegulatorCommon Regulatory FrameworkSuper System OperatorSingle Grid CodeMaster-plan for 2050

41. What do we Need?Converter DevelopmentLower CostsLower LossesHigher CurrentDC CablesHigher VoltageDC SwitchgearSuper-Conducting PipesControl & ProtectionMulti-terminal HVDC LinksInertia?

42. Moving from aCarbon Intense Reality to a Low Carbon Future2030 U.S. Low Carbon Scenario – (LCS)Consumption Estimate**

43. 4,800 TWh

44. >50% Generation from Renewables

45. Proposed Generation Mix:

46. Wind: 43%

47. Solar: 7%

48. Conventional Hydro: 13%

49. Other Renewables (Biomass, Geothermal, etc.): 3%

50. Nuclear: 16%

51. Natural Gas: 18%**Assumes a 40% increase in energy consumption on 2008 valuesCurrent U.S. Generation Mix*Consumption†

52. 3,440 TWh

53. >98% of U.S. generation is derived from non-renewable sources

54. Generation Mix:

55. Coal: 48%

56. Natural Gas: 21%

57. Nuclear: 20%

58. Conventional Hydro: 6%

59. Wind: 1%

60. Other: 4%*2008 Data, DOE/EIA† Consumption in Bundled Total Sales

61. US Supergrid

62. European Supergrid