http://www.fao.org/giahs/en/ This presentation was presented during the Joint Meeting of Steering and Scientific Commitee that took place at FAO headquarters 28-29 April 2015. The presentation was made by Mr. Zhongwei Wu, People's Government of Jia Country, China

1. Jiaxian Traditional Chinese Date Gardens
People’s Government of Jia County
April, 2014
GIAHS Proposal

2. Content
 Structural Characteristic
 Historic Relevance
 Function and Value
 Threats and Challenges
 Protection and Development

3. Area 51.2 Km2
Accessibility 97km from Airport
Livelihoods Jujube production
Topographic loess plateau
Climate semi-arid
Old Gardens 20
Household 11,412
Population 44,361
Jujube Income 80%
General Information

4. Loess Plateau

5. Jia County

6. Traditional Chinese Date Garden

7. Interplanting of Jujube with Grain Crops
• Reducing wind speed
• Regulating air temperature and humidity
• Decreasing field evaporation
• Holding soil and water
1.Structural Characteristic

8. Courtyard Cultivation
Interplant jujube trees with other
species, like apricot trees or apple
trees, and raising poultry in the
courtyard, develop a harmony
model which constitute of people、
jujube、other trees and poultry
• Increase the diversity
of courtyard landscape,
biodiversity and income
sources
• Effectively solve the
problem of soil fertility、
diseases and insect pests.

9. Genetic diversity
Domestication process
Sour Jujube
(Zizyphus spinosus Hu)
Wild
(4 kinds)
Half- cultivated
(10 kinds)
Cultivated
(2 kinds)Jujube
(Zizyphus jujube Mill)
Mu Jujube
(8 Varieties)
Tuan Jujube
(7 Varieties)
Ya Jujube
(5 Varieties)
Cui
Jujube
Zanhuang
Jujube
Huping
Jujube
Jun
Jujube
Li
Jujube
Yuanling
Jujube
Bai
Jujube
Short Shoot
Jujube
(4 Varieties)
Yiheng
Jujube
(3 Varieties)
Fenghe
Jujube

10. Species Varieties Common Name
Endemic
Variety?
Grain
Foxtail Millet
（Setaria italica Beauv）
Xiaoxianggu Millet Xiangu Millet No
Linqiubian Millet Fangu Millet Yes
Kagu Millet Fangu Millet Yes
Zhangzagu No.5
Millet
Fangu Millet No
Jingu 21 Millet Fangu Millet No
Longzhuagu Millet
（Eleusie coracana L.）
Sagu Millet Yes
Green Bean
（Vigna radiata）
Daming Green Bean
Qingxiaodou Green
Bean
Yes
Small Green Bean Green Bean Yes
Soy Bean
（Glycine max）
Lianjiatiao Bean Black Bean Yes
Jiyaobai Bean White Black Bean Yes
Laoheidou Bean Yellow Bean Yes
Potato
（Solanum tuberosum）
Zihuabai Potato Potato No
Longshu No.3 Potato Potato No
Dongbeibai Potato Potato No
Xinge No.6 Potato Potato No
Economic
Plants
Tomato （Ycopersici Susceptibili） Tomato No
Pepper（Capsicum annuum） Lazi Pepper No
Pepper（Zanthoxylum bungeanum） Huajiao Pepper Yes
Fruit
Grape（Vitis） Grape No
Pear（Pyrus sorotina） Pear Yes
Apple（Malus pumila Mill） Apple Yes
Apricot（Siberian Apricot） Apricot Yes
Poultry Chicken Chicken Yes
Agro-biodiversity

11. 7000 years ago
Archaeology：pick、
eat
3000 years ago
Literature：
cultivation
2500 years ago
Important fruit、
Chinese medicine
1500 years ago
Traditional cultivation
technical system
• The place with the longest history of jujube cultivation
– Archaeology、ancient literature records、existing jujube、genetic science
2. Long Cultivation History
Sour Jujube
(1600 years)
Jujube
(1400 years)

12. items
Suitable
range
Numerical
of Jiaxian
Annual mean
temperature（℃）
5.5～22 10.2
Flowering mean
temperature（℃）
≥22～24 27.5
Minimum temperature
（℃）
≥-38.2 -24.4
Frost-free season（d） ≥100 172～199
Annual
precipitation(mm)
87～2000 386.6
Annual sunlight
ratio(h)
≥1100 2710.7
• An inevitable choice in hostile environment
– A passive choice under the adverse soil condition
– An active choice under the adaptable climate condition
• The ruling class’s attention and advocacy

13. 3.Function and Value
• Livelihood security
– Proverbs like : the “life-saving plant”, “hard-core crop” ,
“gold globules, silver globules, they are no competition to our
red globules” and so on
– The income from the jujube cultivation accounts for 80% of
the average net income per capita of local farmers.

14. • Nutritional and medicinal values
Item Nutritional and Medicinal Values
Nutritional
Values
(fresh fruit）
fat（ g/100g ）0.3， protein （g/100g） 1.1 ，dietary fiber （g/100g）1.9，Carbohydrates
（g/100g）28.6，Carotene（mg/100g）0.01，Depending flavonoids equivalent（μg/100g）0.24，
Sulfur Ansul（mg/100g）0.06，Riboflavin（mg/100g）0.09，Ascorbic acid（mg/100g）0.243，
Vitamin E（mg/100g）0.001，Calcium（mg/100g）14，Phosphorus（mg/100g）23，Iron
（mg/100g）0.5，Vc（mg/100g）380～800。
Medicinal
Values
Rich in organic acids and triterpene compounds, thus can inhibit bacterium, protect the liver,
reduce lipid, raise leukocyte level, and enhance immunity. Contains cAMP that prevents cancer cell
division, and thus has anticancer effects. Rich in vitamin content, which is good for blood capillary.
Flavonoids have sedation, hypnosis, depressurization, diuretic and cancer prevention effects.

15. • Cultural values
– The locals have developed the catering culture of jujube to the extreme.
– The locals have placed their hope on jujube, and connect it with festivities.
• Art
– Spring Festival Paintings and paper-cutting .
– The object in many poems and songs

16. • Crucial eco-functions
Ecosystem
function
Direct
products
Conservation of water
and soil
Water
conservat
ion
Carbon fixation
and oxygen
release
wind prevention and
sand fixation
Soil
conservation
Keep
nutrients
Carbon
fixation
Release
oxygen
wind
prevention
sand
fixation
value
93.94 357.74 43.79 13.14 2.55 83.23
1125 451.68 2.64 56.93 85.78
Total value 1722.04
The ecosystem service value of jujube trees in Jia County（unit：million yuan/year）

17. • Conservation of water and soil
• The horizontal roots of the jujube spread widely.
• There is a saying which means that the different villages are connected by the root
of jujube.

18. • 1、Large area of ancient jujube orchards, lack of management
• 2、Vulnerability to resist and guard against natural disaster
• 3、Insufficient investment and promotion in science and
technology
• 4、Low economic benefits of organic jujube
• 5、Impact of chemical agricultural development ideas and
technology
4.Threats and Challenges

19. 5. Protection and Development
• (1) Protection planning
– The protection of eco-environment
– The protection of ancient jujube trees、ancient jujube orchards and jujube
culture
– The protection of landscape
No
.
Tree
No.
Householder
DBH
/cm
Height
/m
Crown
/m
Main Branch
Number
Health Condition
1 001 WU Cunping 200 7 6×4 3 Rotted
2 005 WU Cunping 250 7 7×4.5 3 Healthy
3 006 WU Cunping 260 6.5 5×3 2 Hollow
4 019 WU Zhanyu 250 7.1 6×4 5 Healthy
5 030 WU Linzhi 228 6 5×4 2 Cracked, Rotted
6 042 WU Yaozeng 280 6 3×4 2 Hollow, Rotted
7 045 WU Yuelin 220 9 5×6 2 Hollow, Rotted
8 057 WU Guojin 220 7 3×3 3 Cracked, Rotted,
Hollow
9 065 WU Guoxiong 261 10 8×5 4 Cracked, Rotted
10 066 WU Guoxiong 210 11 5×3 2 Cracked, Rotted
11 067 WU Guoxiong 205 9 6×6 3 Cracked, Rotted
12 082 WU Huasheng 210 6 4×4 1 Hollow, Rotted
13 095 WU Zhengxiong 204 10 5×4 1 1/2 Hollow, Rotted
14 097 WU Zhangong 244 9 6×4 2 Cracked, Rotted
15 098 WU Zhangong 242 12 8×6 2 Cracked, Rotted
………………

20. • (2)Development planning
– The development of ecological products
– The development of sustainable tourism
• (3)The planning of capacity building
– The capacity of cultural consciousness
– The capacity of decision-making and participation
– The capacity of operation and management

22. Thank you！