The Smart Grid has been a great challenge of change in Brazil. For the choice of technologies to be applied it is necessary to take into account the particularities of each available technology and the power and telecommunications grids in the country. As we compare the WiMAX to other technologies, can be added to the Smart Grid data to travel efficiently over long distances in economic terms and not suffering from the impact caused by the structural failure of the Brazilian grid. Among the advantages mentioned by the research on WiMAX, the following stand out: the ease of communication with other public service providers, the greater robustness of its operations and technology domain, plus the ability to make electric utilities quite independently of the high costs imposed by operators. Due to all the options available, this also presents problems of its own that will be discussed throughout this article. The results show that there is real interest in shares of energy utilities in developing WiMAX networks associated with other forms of data transmission, including PLC. Thus, the centralization of service delivery and charging can be made a reality in little time and a lot more efficiently.

1. SDPS-2013
Printed in the United States of America, October, 2013
2013 Society for Design and Process Science
SMART GRID
MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND THE
CHALLENGES OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION
Jéssica Caroline da Silva
Fuad Gattaz Sobrinho
Sistemas de Informação
Faculdade Adventista de São Paulo
São Paulo, Hortolândia, Brasil
ABSTRACT
LTE:
Long Term Evolution
The Smart Grid has been a great challenge of change
in Brazil. For the choice of technologies to be applied it is
necessary to take into account the particularities of each
available
technology
and
the
power
and
telecommunications grids in the country.
As we compare the WiMAX to other technologies,
can be added to the Smart Grid data to travel efficiently
over long distances in economic terms and not suffering
from the impact caused by the structural failure of the
Brazilian grid.
Among the advantages mentioned by the research on
WiMAX, the following stand out: the ease of
communication with other public service providers, the
greater robustness of its operations and technology
domain, plus the ability to make electric utilities quite
independently of the high costs imposed by operators.
Due to all the options available, this also presents
problems of its own that will be discussed throughout this
article.
The results show that there is real interest in shares of
energy utilities in developing WiMAX networks
associated with other forms of data transmission,
including PLC. Thus, the centralization of service delivery
and charging can be made a reality in little time and a lot
more efficiently.
M2M:
Machine-to-Machine
PLC:
TIC:
Power Line Communication
Technologies of Information and
Communication
VDSL:
Very-high-bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line
WAN:
Wide Area Network
Wi-Fi Alliance’s Trademark, used as IEEE
802.11
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access
Low Power wireless communication IEEE
802.15.4
Wi-Fi:
WiMAX:
Zigbee:
INTRODUCTION
Smart Grid is a multidimensional network
organization with social added value which uses
synchronized protocols (content, interface, and
transmission) and associated multiplatforms with a
particular combination.
Although the Smart Grid is connected to the Grid,
being part of it, the existence of such technology will
enable the convergence of facilities services, as explained
in Santos and Silva (2013). The convergence of
distribution and sales of basic services such as electricity,
telephone, internet, water, gas, ensures the provision of a
more efficient service - allowing, for example, the
identification of supply disruptions and errors caused by
manual measurement cost reduction. This will result in
developing customers trust and autonomy in managing
their costs, greater convenience as they make payments
under unified rates. This new concept is a source of
benefit to the whole society: customers will have greater
awareness of their expenses, facilities drastically reduce
their losses and government agencies will be able to
monitor the pricing and quality of service offered.
The intelligence of the network not only refers to its
ability to traffic data. It suits various information and
communication technologies in order to make robust and
NOMENCLATURE
4G:
Fourth Generation
ADSL:
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
GPON:
Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Networks
IASP:
Instituto Adventista de São Paulo
IEEE:
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
LAN:
Local Area Network
LLC:
Logical Link Control
1

2. secure operations, according to figure 1. The PLC
communication via power line, electrical networks in
infrastructure is a robust technology, but its high costs
preclude its use. In addition, there are other technologies
that can be used to traffic data, especially through long
distances supporting Smart Grid projects, mainly
WiMAX, the focus in this article, which can effectively be
combined with other platforms in a very short time.
implementing smart grid revenue was based on the
various areas of knowledge through documents, and the
implementing rules were decisive when reconsidered,
which could give impetus to this research work.
METHODOLOGY
Through the inductive method or induction, was
given a reasoning considering a particular number of cases
where it was completed a general truth about the various
technologies and the challenges of implementing smart
grid for the reasoning of this document.
However, this is a scientific research based on survey
data and assumptions, problems and possible solutions,
from matters reserved and isolated for an extended
application of the concept of solution oriented
technologies of smart grids.
For the process design of smart grids based on the
vision of service delivery and product, we used the tool
processes PArchitect.
Objective
The purpose of this article is to explore technologies
that can be applied in the implementation of Smart Grid in
the Brazilian territory, taking into account the implied
difficulties of each kind of technology used for data
traffic.
The purpose of this article is to demonstrate and
justify the use of WiMAX as a primary communication
feature of Smart Grid technologies, with low costs and
simple applications. For this intent, we present data from
surveys of companies supporting the thesis that by
exploring more technologies, among them the WiMAX,
there are better choices of achieving the Brazilian project
of Smart Grid in the shortest time and reaching more
profits.
PROBLEM FORMULATION
The PLC was the starting point for the Smart Grid
project, but today there are other technologies that have
stood out to be one of the infrastructure options used by
the Smart Grid. The main problem in making broader uses
is the lack of network improvements in infrastructure,
which present problems and issues as shown in figure 2.
In addition, the low technological development and the
harsh rules imposed by regulatory agencies. The problems
of these technologies are presented in figure 4.
If dealing with an intelligent network, able to
concentrate a range of services of great importance, one
should plan to make use of other technologies besides the
PLC to make the service more robust and adaptable to
varying conditions found in the vast Brazilian territory.
The monitoring network cannot be exposed to failures and
there are different distances between measurement points
of the network that require appropriate protocols and
platforms.
The Smart Grid is a multiplatform service, so you can
use it to move information across platforms: WIMAX,
Mobile, M2M, and Zigbee and fiber optic internet, see
figure 3. The WIMAX - Wireless long distance high
capacity - can be associated with already consolidated
data technology, creating a robust and reliable solution for
the development and implementation of the Smart Grid.
According to Santos and Silva (2013), the WiMAX
Forum is an infrastructure in which everyone owns a
device such as mobile phone, computer, smart meter and
other devices that are able to recognize this type of
technology across miles. Very different from Wi-Fi___33
whose reach is within meters, its signal can be transmitted
up to 6-9 kilometers - one of the key advantages of
WiMAX and its interoperability. Its IEEE 802.16 protocol
does not conflict with Wi-Fi 802.11, but complements it,
LITERATURE REVIEW
The tool processes PArchitect, explains Gattaz (2001)
and Nephew (2001 and 2013) is geared to conceptualize
problems and solutions, considering the constraints driven
by the aggregate values and added to aid the evaluation of
the results of decisions, unifying them and applying them
at the time of sync in the interaction with reality.
In understanding and drafting process was sought
understanding based strategy research projects mentioned
by Gil (2012).
For the methodology of work, we sought to
understand the methods explained by Marconi and
Lakatos (2000, 2004 and 2011).
Watching these two extremes, and the various factors
that differentiate the current scenario in Brazil, with the
world stage, can it is possible to define a functional
concept, framing the possibility of deployment of smart
grids in Brazil, pointing concepts in principle aimed at the
convenience of the Brazilian reliability of supply of
electricity, and the Brazilian competitiveness before the
world.
An intelligent network is a topic that has been
discussed for about ten years only, and therefore, the said
topic, Smart Grid: various technologies and the challenges
of implementation of smart grids are even more recent in
the new concept of intelligent networks.
So many articles have been published, with different
points of view and also from various sources and
locations. Keeping this in view, the research on the
concept of the various technologies and the challenges of
2

3. you can easily switch to other networks based on Standard
LLC - IEEE 802.2, i.e., LANs and WANs. Thus this
feature is in the package of the Smart Grid, which is a
convergence point of other communication standards in
full commercial use - ADSL, VDSL, GPON, Ethernet and
cellular technologies, as explains Fagundes (2013).
Another important factor compared to other
technologies is its relative low
costs. Since this
technology travels through long ongoing distances, it is
necessary to build a few transmission towers. Besides, this
technology is well-known by Brazilian industry, which
has the know-how for large scale production of switches
and other equipment that will be needed. i.e., contributing
to the creation of jobs in technology centers in Brazil.
One problem faced by WiMAX are the low
investments in its implementation. The main encouraging
project was eventually replaced by others that were more
profitable, as telephone operators and internet find
themselves surrounded by bureaucracy than looking
beyond
to the construction of a more profitable
alternative network LTE/4G. The rural applications of
WiMAX can be replaced by LTE at lower frequencies and
further open the sale of voice and data packets in retail
market, since cellular activities are extremely profitable
for operators that discourage the advancement of
WiMAX. Likewise, plants used by operators are imported
from Chinese and European corporations and decreasing
collaboration would be achieved for the Brazilian GDP.
However, the PLC may develop only partially,
improving its resources and fulfilling the terms of its use
set forth by the government, allowing the Smart Grid to
fulfill its true purpose - not to depend on only one
technology for the transmission of the data collected.
frequency (RF Mesh), are supported by a backbone of
fiber optic 10 Mbps to 20 Mbps.
A distribution company energy estimated to be the
largest project of Smart Grid in the country will be
investing US$ 72 million by 2015. The network is
expected to go into operation in the cities of Barueri,
Vargem Grande and Caucaia Alto, in the metropolitan
area of São Paulo, reaching more than 60,000 customers.
Among other things, the connection will be used to
communicate the need of replacement of wire relays and
the substitution of analog components for digital models,
allowing for the network restart in case of failure.
According to the schedule of AES Eletropaulo
(2013), the WiMAX network will be implemented this
same year, as the integrated operation central and the
measurement center are inaugurated. In 2014, we intend to
integrate the communication network with the last mile of
meters. As soon as 2015, the company aims completing
the network that will allow the start of operations.
Another company that has shown interest in the
development of Smart Grid CAS Tecnologia (2013),
engineering company located in the city of São Paulo.
Recently announced a smart metering solution of water
which promises to increase the efficiency of distribution
that can be associated with the features implemented by
the Smart Grid Dealers energy.
Despite the difficulties experienced by low
involvement of telecommunications corporations in
joining the wide use of WiMAX data transmission due to
the reasons mentioned above, of which highlights the use
of 4G, there are companies that invest heavily in their
development as a way to make possible its use in largescale Smart Grid.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
CONCLUSION
Facilities can take advantage of a secondary current
WiMAX technology made available by operating
agencies. Operational costs created through the collection
of their own data transmission carriers through cellular
networks, fixed or fiber optic internet can be reduced. By
making use of public service, or not outsourcing data
transmission, costs in WiMAX network investment would
be reversed quickly, especially because of the needless
hiring of a service and of facilities becoming the owners
and managers of their own data networks, making them
less dependent on other service providers.
As results of the theory discussed above, AES
Eletropaulo, privately held Brazilian domestic and foreign
titled Eletropaulo Metropolitana de São Paulo SA
Electricity, electricity distribution agent in the
municipalities of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo,
built the city of São Paulo, as well as its Smart Grid pilot
project, uses WiMAX technology for communication, and
relationship between smart meters in the network via radio
The Smart Grid is one step closer to becoming a
reality in the lives of all Brazilians, but it can be
considered one of the greatest challenges for engineering
and national technical capacity. There is a great number of
challenges and options for the use of this technology
which are still in project, therefore, making appropriate
choices can define the success or failure of such major
investment.
There good reasons for the use of WiMAX, since it is
a technology in operation and known by national industry,
and it also has structural and economic advantages:
reduced operating costs and easy applicability for multiple
uses with the Smart Grid. The convergence of services
and pricing is facilitated by the use of WiMAX as the
PLC is limited to electrical lines and it alone does not
enable the interoperability desired for the future of the
Smart Grid.
We conclude that the application of WiMAX
technology is the most feasible option for deployment in
monitoring and data transmission measurement spent by
3

4. electricity consumption. It is a considerably better option
the financial point of view and has better features when,
the amount of practical applications already available in
the retail market are regarded. Furthermore, their use can
be easily expanded to other distribution utilities that do
not directly use electric transmission lines.
FIGURES AND TABLES
REFERENCES
AES ELETROPAULO AES Eletropaulo
Anuncia o Maior Projeto de Smart Grid do País
<http://aesbrasilsustentabilidade.com.br/pt/noticias/item/a
es-eletropaulo-anuncia-o-maior-projeto-de-smart-grid-dopais.html> Access: 10 September in 2013.
______. Available at:
<http://www.WiMAXforum.org/literatureretrieve.aspx?id
=177985> Access: 10 September in 2013.
CAS TECNOLOGIA Cas Tecnologia Lança no
Metering Latin America a Primeira Solução de Smart
Water do Mercado Brasileiro. Available at:
<http://www.cas-tecnologia.com.br/index.php/cas-naimprensa/telemetria-e-automacao/42-solucoes-cas>
Access: 12 September in 2013
FAGUNDES, Eduardo M. WIMAX. Available
at: <http://www.efagundes.com/artigos/WiMAX.htm>
Access: 10 September. 2013.
GATTAZ, Cristiane Chaves, Brincando de
Processo Um Método De Capacitação Na Metodologia De
Processos, Editora O Mundo em Processo, 2001.
GIL, Antônio Carlos. Como Elaborar Projetos de
Pesquisa. Editora Atlas S.A. 4ª Edição, 2002.
LAKATOS, Eva Maria; MARCONI, Eva Maria.
Metodologia do trabalho científico. Editora Atlas S.A 7ª
Ed Revista e Ampliada 2011.
______ Metodologia científica. 3. Ed. São Paulo:
Atlas, 2000.
______ Metodologia científica. 4. Ed. São Paulo:
Atlas, 2004.
SANTOS, Clotilde Lais dos; SILVA, Jéssica
Caroline da. Smart Grid Prospecção Tecnológica do
Compartilhamento de Receita Das Redes Inteligentes.
Available
at:<http://www.slideshare.net/jessicacarolines/smart-gridprospeco-tecnolgica-do-compartilhamento-de-receita-dasredes-inteligentes-doc-25729325> Access: 03 September
in 2013.
______. Available at:
<http://www.slideshare.net/jessicacarolines/smart-gridprospeco-tecnolgica-do-compartilhamento-de-receita-dasredes-inteligentes> Access: 03 September in 2013.
SOBRINHO, Fuad. Gataz. Inovação, Processos
na Gestão da Complexidade da Inovação, 2013.
______. Processo: a máquina contextual nos
negócios, Editora O Mundo em Processo, 2001
Fig. 1 Process Management Products and Services Smart Grid
Fig. 2 Comparative Scenery
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5. Fig. 3 Simplified Model of Interconnections of the Smart Grid
Fig. 4 Available Technologies
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