This document summarizes research on Panax ginseng. It discusses:
1) Panax ginseng is an adaptogen herb used in traditional Chinese medicine to reduce fatigue and support overall health and well-being.
2) It contains active compounds called ginsenosides that have immune-modulating effects and may boost immune cell activity.
3) Clinical studies show Panax ginseng can enhance immune responses to vaccines, reduce upper respiratory infections, and support CD4 counts in HIV patients.
This presentation includes -classification, biological in psoriasis,TNF alpha inbitors, T cell inhibitos, IL-12/23 inhibitors (indications,containdications,guidelines, adverse effects)
The document discusses several studies that show cannabinoids may have anti-inflammatory properties. Specifically:
1. THC reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in microglial cells exposed to LPS in a dose-dependent manner.
2. Cannabinoids suppress the inflammatory Th1 response and increase anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines.
3. Clinical trials for MS showed some benefits for pain and spasms but were inconclusive for muscle spasticity.
4. Animal studies demonstrate cannabinoids reduce immune cell migration and inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting potential therapeutic uses for inflammatory diseases.
Research Paper presentation on "Antiviral activity of Acacia nilotica agains...Zohaib HUSSAIN
Presented by: : Zohaib HUSSAIN
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) belonging to the family Flaviviridae has infected 3% of the population worldwide and 6% of the population in Pakistan.
Pegylated INF-α plus ribavirin only treatment available
Thirteen medicinal plants were collected from different areas of Pakistan on the basis of undocumented antiviral reports against different viral infections.
Medicinal plants were air dried, extracted and screened out against HCV by infecting HCV inoculums of 3a genotype in liver cells
RT-PCR results demonstrate that acetonic and methanolic extract of Acacia nilotica(AN) showed more than 50% reduction at non toxic concentration
This PPT encompasses the recent biologics overview & their uses in various rheumatological diseases according to recent guidelines. Special focus has been given to RA, SpA & SLE
This study investigated the potential hepatotoxicity of common anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide individually and in combination in HepG2 cells. The drugs decreased intracellular ATP levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, complex I and III activities, NAD+ levels, and increased lactate production at 24 hours. Drug combinations had a synergistic inhibitory effect on mitochondrial complex I activity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed drug-induced mitophagy. The results suggest anti-TB drug hepatotoxicity is mediated by curtailment of mitochondrial function.
A Guide to HIV Drug Resistance_the body.comanjanamatya
The document provides information about HIV drug resistance. It discusses how HIV mutates naturally as it reproduces, and how these mutations can sometimes enable the virus to evade antiretroviral drugs. It explains that understanding resistance is important because prolonged viral replication increases the risk of developing resistant mutations, and resistance can limit future treatment options. The document also outlines different types of resistance tests that can help clinicians determine the best treatment regimen for a patient.
This presentation includes -classification, biological in psoriasis,TNF alpha inbitors, T cell inhibitos, IL-12/23 inhibitors (indications,containdications,guidelines, adverse effects)
The document discusses several studies that show cannabinoids may have anti-inflammatory properties. Specifically:
1. THC reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in microglial cells exposed to LPS in a dose-dependent manner.
2. Cannabinoids suppress the inflammatory Th1 response and increase anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines.
3. Clinical trials for MS showed some benefits for pain and spasms but were inconclusive for muscle spasticity.
4. Animal studies demonstrate cannabinoids reduce immune cell migration and inflammatory cytokine production, suggesting potential therapeutic uses for inflammatory diseases.
Research Paper presentation on "Antiviral activity of Acacia nilotica agains...Zohaib HUSSAIN
Presented by: : Zohaib HUSSAIN
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) belonging to the family Flaviviridae has infected 3% of the population worldwide and 6% of the population in Pakistan.
Pegylated INF-α plus ribavirin only treatment available
Thirteen medicinal plants were collected from different areas of Pakistan on the basis of undocumented antiviral reports against different viral infections.
Medicinal plants were air dried, extracted and screened out against HCV by infecting HCV inoculums of 3a genotype in liver cells
RT-PCR results demonstrate that acetonic and methanolic extract of Acacia nilotica(AN) showed more than 50% reduction at non toxic concentration
This PPT encompasses the recent biologics overview & their uses in various rheumatological diseases according to recent guidelines. Special focus has been given to RA, SpA & SLE
This study investigated the potential hepatotoxicity of common anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide individually and in combination in HepG2 cells. The drugs decreased intracellular ATP levels in a dose- and time-dependent manner and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, complex I and III activities, NAD+ levels, and increased lactate production at 24 hours. Drug combinations had a synergistic inhibitory effect on mitochondrial complex I activity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed drug-induced mitophagy. The results suggest anti-TB drug hepatotoxicity is mediated by curtailment of mitochondrial function.
A Guide to HIV Drug Resistance_the body.comanjanamatya
The document provides information about HIV drug resistance. It discusses how HIV mutates naturally as it reproduces, and how these mutations can sometimes enable the virus to evade antiretroviral drugs. It explains that understanding resistance is important because prolonged viral replication increases the risk of developing resistant mutations, and resistance can limit future treatment options. The document also outlines different types of resistance tests that can help clinicians determine the best treatment regimen for a patient.
This document presents a case report of levofloxacin-induced seizures in a 68-year-old male patient admitted with fever and abdominal pain. After 5 days of treatment including ceftriaxone and pantoprazole without improvement, levofloxacin was added. Within 10 minutes, the patient had a tonic-clonic seizure. Levofloxacin was stopped and the patient recovered without further seizures. Laboratory results and the patient's history ruled out other potential causes. The reaction was deemed probable to be caused by levofloxacin based on the WHO causality assessment scale criteria. Fluoroquinolones can lower the seizure threshold through GABA inhibition. This case illustrates the need to
The document discusses biologic therapies for rheumatological conditions. It provides information on TNF antagonists that are approved for treating diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, and psoriasis. It discusses the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, administration, and safety monitoring of TNF inhibitors like infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab. The document also summarizes clinical trial data on the effectiveness of TNF inhibitors for conditions like Crohn's disease and ankylosing spondylitis.
Defensins: Antimicrobial peptide for the host plant resistancesnehaljikamade
Since the beginning of the 90s lots of cationic plant, cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides (AMP) have been studied. However, Broekaert et al. (1995) only coined the term “plant defensin,” after comparison of a new class of plant antifungal peptides with known insect defensins. From there, many plant defensins have been reported and studies on this class of peptides encompass its activity toward microorganisms and molecular features of the mechanism of action against bacteria and fungi. Plant defensins also have been tested as biotechnological tools to improve crop production through fungi resistance generation in organisms genetically modified (OGM). Its low effective concentration towards fungi, ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM and its safety to mammals and birds makes them a better choice, in place of chemicals, to control fungi infection on crop fields. Herein, is a review of the history of plant defensins since their discovery at the beginning of 90s, following the advances on its structure conformation and mechanism of action towards microorganisms is reported. This review also points out some important topics, including: (i) the most studied plant defensins and their fungal targets; (ii) the molecular features of plant defensins and their relation with antifungal activity; (iii) the possibility of using plant defensin(s) genes to generate fungi resistant GM crops and biofungicides; and (iv) a brief discussion about the absence of products in the market containing plant antifungal defensins.
Therapuetic potential of poisons and venoms- Dr ASHWIN Rashwin ravi
This document discusses the therapeutic potential of toxins and venoms. It begins with definitions of poison, toxin, and venom. It then covers the history of using poisons in medicine, categories of poisons, and modern toxicology. Specific sections discuss the use of plant toxins, microbial toxins, and animal toxins/venoms in therapy. Examples are given of toxins from snakes, spiders, scorpions, jellyfish, sea anemones, and other sources that have therapeutic applications such as pain relief, cancer treatment, and more. Limitations and future prospects of using natural toxins as medicines are also mentioned.
Antituberculosis Drugs 1 Manisacan Et Al( Midterm 2)guest151c
The document summarizes guidelines for treating tuberculosis using three lines of antituberculosis drugs. First-line drugs like isoniazid and rifampin are usually effective but second and third-line drugs may be needed if resistance develops. The drugs have various mechanisms of action and are always used together to improve outcomes and prevent resistance. Close monitoring is needed due to potential adverse effects and drug interactions that require dosage adjustments.
Use of biologicals in rheumatoid arthritisILHAR HASHIM
- Biologicals are the newest class of drugs for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), developed using biotechnology. They target specific components of the immune system like cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukins.
- RA is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the joints. While the exact causes are unknown, biologicals have become an important therapy when other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate fail. They can help reduce symptoms, slow joint damage, and improve quality of life.
- Major biological drugs for RA target TNF like adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab; IL-6 like
O documento descreve Páscoa como um tempo de amor, família e paz para comemorar a ressurreição de Cristo e agradecer por tudo que se tem. Reforça que Páscoa é um sentimento no coração de esperança, fé e confiança em um futuro melhor.
Ginseng is an herbaceous perennial plant from the genus Panax. The most common varieties are Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng), Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), and Panax notoginseng (Chinese or Korean ginseng). Ginseng has been used in Chinese medicine for thousands of years and is considered the "King of Herbs". It is known for improving psychological function, immune function, and conditions associated with diabetes. The two countries that produce the most ginseng in the world are China and Korea. Cultivation of ginseng faces challenges like needing shade, a long growing period, and depleting soil nutrients.
Los terpenos y terpenoides son compuestos orgánicos derivados del isopreno, un hidrocarburo de 5 átomos de carbono. Se clasifican según el número de unidades de isopreno que contienen y cumplen funciones importantes en plantas como pigmentos, hormonas y defensa. En humanos son importantes como vitaminas y participan en procesos fisiológicos.
Terpenes are secondary metabolites formed by joining isoprene units together. Isoprene, which has the formula C5H8, is considered the basic building block of terpenes. Terpenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that vary in structure and size depending on the number of isoprene units linked together. They are used widely in fragrances, essential oils, and medicines. Terpenoids refer to oxygenated terpenes that result when terpenes are oxidized.
Plants produce a vast and diverse organic compounds, which do not appear to participate directly in growth and development.These substances traditionally referred to as secondary metabolites which terpenes are one of them.
Panax ginseng is an herbal medicine that has been used in China for thousands of years. Recent research has explored its potential applications in cancer treatment and prevention. Key components of ginseng like ginsenosides and polysaccharides have shown anti-tumor effects in various cancer types such as colon, liver, ovarian, and prostate cancer by reducing tumor growth and metastasis. Ginseng may also enhance the immune system and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy. However, more clinical trials are still needed to fully understand ginseng's effects on cancer.
This document discusses various herbal medicines and their effects on sexual dysfunction. It begins by providing epidemiological data on erectile dysfunction prevalence. It then discusses several herbal medicines that are reported to improve sexual function, including L-arginine, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, maca root extract, and yohimbine. For each herb, it summarizes several research studies that have investigated the herb's effects on parameters like erectile function, testosterone levels, and sexual satisfaction. The document aims to evaluate the reported benefits of herbal medicines for treating sexual dysfunctions.
Reverse pharmacology is an approach that begins with documented clinical effects of natural products and then uses experimental and clinical research to develop drug candidates from these effects. It involves three stages - experiential, exploratory, and experimental. The experiential stage involves documenting clinical observations of natural products. The exploratory stage involves dose-activity studies and in vitro/in vivo models to evaluate key targets. The experimental stage further studies plants or molecules at different biological levels to define safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential. This approach has successfully rediscovered drugs in the past but was applied sporadically. Current research is now applying this approach in a multidisciplinary manner to develop drugs for conditions like diabetes, arthritis, and hepatitis.
The document discusses herb-drug interactions (HDIs), providing background information and examples. It notes that HDIs are common due to many people using herbal medicines alongside conventional drugs. Herbal products can interact with drugs by interfering with the cytochrome P450 system and P-glycoprotein, affecting the metabolism and transport of drugs. This can change drug levels in the body and potentially cause toxic effects or reduce drug efficacy. The document examines several herbs that are known to interact with medications through these pathways and provides recommendations to avoid interactions and ensure patient safety when using herbal and conventional products together.
The neuroprotective role of Panax notoginseng saponins in APP/PS1 transgenic ...LucyPi1
Abstract Background: Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) is extracted from Sanqi (Panax notoginseng), which is a valuable herb and has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases and pain. PNS has been proved to promote blood circulation and angiogenesis by inhibiting platelet aggregation. In our previous study, PNS accompanied with geniposide can prevent Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the efficacy of PNS and its potential mechanism in AD remain unclear. Methods: Amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) transgenic (Tg) mice were used as AD-like animal models. Wild-type mice and APP/PS1 transgenic were administrated with saline solution while mice in PNS treatment group were administrated with PNS at a dosage of 17 mg/kg/day for three months. Morris water maze (MWM) was applied to evaluate the spatial learning and memory and step-down test was used to evaluate the cognitive function. 1% Thioflavin-S staining was used to calculate the average number amyloid plaques in cortex and hippocampus. CD31 staining was detected to observe the density of cerebrovascular in hippocampus areas and CD105 staining was further detected to evaluate angiogenesis. Laser Doppler PeriFlux 5000 was further measured the change of cerebrovascular blood flow. ChemDraw was used to draw the molecular structures of five main ingredients of PNS. AlzPlatform were used to estimate the potential targets of PNS. Results: By a bench of behavioral tests, PNS showed a better tendency in proving cognitive functions. In addition, the amyloid plaques in both cortex and hippocampus were significantly reduced after PNS intervention (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 respectively). Furthermore, the density of cerebrovascular in the hippocampus areas was increased under PNS administration (P < 0.001), which accompanied with angiogenesis in dentate gyrus areas and cerebrovascular blood flow promotion (P < 0.05). By AlzPlatform docking serve, we screened five major ingredients of PNS—R1, Rd, Rb1, Re and Rg1. These screening data suggested that vascular related proteins could be the one of potential targets of PNS, such as platelet activating factor receptor and vasopressin V1a receptor. Conclusion: By modulating cerebrovascular function, PNS can reduce the deposition of amyloid plaques and exhibit the role of neuroprotection in a preventive strategy.
Herb-drug interactions can occur through various mechanisms. Some herbs like St. John's wort can affect the metabolism of drugs through cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein transporters. Clinical studies show that some herbs like ginger, ginkgo, and ginseng have little effect on drug metabolism, while others like garlic and aloe vera may interact with specific drugs through unknown mechanisms. Careful evaluation of potential herb-drug interactions is needed when combining herbal medicines with conventional drugs.
ISSN 2347-2251
It appears that you're describing the scope of a scientific journal. This journal covers a wide range of topics related to both Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Sciences of the journalism journals.
This document presents a case report of levofloxacin-induced seizures in a 68-year-old male patient admitted with fever and abdominal pain. After 5 days of treatment including ceftriaxone and pantoprazole without improvement, levofloxacin was added. Within 10 minutes, the patient had a tonic-clonic seizure. Levofloxacin was stopped and the patient recovered without further seizures. Laboratory results and the patient's history ruled out other potential causes. The reaction was deemed probable to be caused by levofloxacin based on the WHO causality assessment scale criteria. Fluoroquinolones can lower the seizure threshold through GABA inhibition. This case illustrates the need to
The document discusses biologic therapies for rheumatological conditions. It provides information on TNF antagonists that are approved for treating diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, and psoriasis. It discusses the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, administration, and safety monitoring of TNF inhibitors like infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab. The document also summarizes clinical trial data on the effectiveness of TNF inhibitors for conditions like Crohn's disease and ankylosing spondylitis.
Defensins: Antimicrobial peptide for the host plant resistancesnehaljikamade
Since the beginning of the 90s lots of cationic plant, cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides (AMP) have been studied. However, Broekaert et al. (1995) only coined the term “plant defensin,” after comparison of a new class of plant antifungal peptides with known insect defensins. From there, many plant defensins have been reported and studies on this class of peptides encompass its activity toward microorganisms and molecular features of the mechanism of action against bacteria and fungi. Plant defensins also have been tested as biotechnological tools to improve crop production through fungi resistance generation in organisms genetically modified (OGM). Its low effective concentration towards fungi, ranging from 0.1 to 10 μM and its safety to mammals and birds makes them a better choice, in place of chemicals, to control fungi infection on crop fields. Herein, is a review of the history of plant defensins since their discovery at the beginning of 90s, following the advances on its structure conformation and mechanism of action towards microorganisms is reported. This review also points out some important topics, including: (i) the most studied plant defensins and their fungal targets; (ii) the molecular features of plant defensins and their relation with antifungal activity; (iii) the possibility of using plant defensin(s) genes to generate fungi resistant GM crops and biofungicides; and (iv) a brief discussion about the absence of products in the market containing plant antifungal defensins.
Therapuetic potential of poisons and venoms- Dr ASHWIN Rashwin ravi
This document discusses the therapeutic potential of toxins and venoms. It begins with definitions of poison, toxin, and venom. It then covers the history of using poisons in medicine, categories of poisons, and modern toxicology. Specific sections discuss the use of plant toxins, microbial toxins, and animal toxins/venoms in therapy. Examples are given of toxins from snakes, spiders, scorpions, jellyfish, sea anemones, and other sources that have therapeutic applications such as pain relief, cancer treatment, and more. Limitations and future prospects of using natural toxins as medicines are also mentioned.
Antituberculosis Drugs 1 Manisacan Et Al( Midterm 2)guest151c
The document summarizes guidelines for treating tuberculosis using three lines of antituberculosis drugs. First-line drugs like isoniazid and rifampin are usually effective but second and third-line drugs may be needed if resistance develops. The drugs have various mechanisms of action and are always used together to improve outcomes and prevent resistance. Close monitoring is needed due to potential adverse effects and drug interactions that require dosage adjustments.
Use of biologicals in rheumatoid arthritisILHAR HASHIM
- Biologicals are the newest class of drugs for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), developed using biotechnology. They target specific components of the immune system like cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukins.
- RA is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the joints. While the exact causes are unknown, biologicals have become an important therapy when other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate fail. They can help reduce symptoms, slow joint damage, and improve quality of life.
- Major biological drugs for RA target TNF like adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab; IL-6 like
O documento descreve Páscoa como um tempo de amor, família e paz para comemorar a ressurreição de Cristo e agradecer por tudo que se tem. Reforça que Páscoa é um sentimento no coração de esperança, fé e confiança em um futuro melhor.
Ginseng is an herbaceous perennial plant from the genus Panax. The most common varieties are Panax ginseng (Asian ginseng), Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng), and Panax notoginseng (Chinese or Korean ginseng). Ginseng has been used in Chinese medicine for thousands of years and is considered the "King of Herbs". It is known for improving psychological function, immune function, and conditions associated with diabetes. The two countries that produce the most ginseng in the world are China and Korea. Cultivation of ginseng faces challenges like needing shade, a long growing period, and depleting soil nutrients.
Los terpenos y terpenoides son compuestos orgánicos derivados del isopreno, un hidrocarburo de 5 átomos de carbono. Se clasifican según el número de unidades de isopreno que contienen y cumplen funciones importantes en plantas como pigmentos, hormonas y defensa. En humanos son importantes como vitaminas y participan en procesos fisiológicos.
Terpenes are secondary metabolites formed by joining isoprene units together. Isoprene, which has the formula C5H8, is considered the basic building block of terpenes. Terpenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that vary in structure and size depending on the number of isoprene units linked together. They are used widely in fragrances, essential oils, and medicines. Terpenoids refer to oxygenated terpenes that result when terpenes are oxidized.
Plants produce a vast and diverse organic compounds, which do not appear to participate directly in growth and development.These substances traditionally referred to as secondary metabolites which terpenes are one of them.
Panax ginseng is an herbal medicine that has been used in China for thousands of years. Recent research has explored its potential applications in cancer treatment and prevention. Key components of ginseng like ginsenosides and polysaccharides have shown anti-tumor effects in various cancer types such as colon, liver, ovarian, and prostate cancer by reducing tumor growth and metastasis. Ginseng may also enhance the immune system and reduce the side effects of chemotherapy. However, more clinical trials are still needed to fully understand ginseng's effects on cancer.
This document discusses various herbal medicines and their effects on sexual dysfunction. It begins by providing epidemiological data on erectile dysfunction prevalence. It then discusses several herbal medicines that are reported to improve sexual function, including L-arginine, Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, maca root extract, and yohimbine. For each herb, it summarizes several research studies that have investigated the herb's effects on parameters like erectile function, testosterone levels, and sexual satisfaction. The document aims to evaluate the reported benefits of herbal medicines for treating sexual dysfunctions.
Reverse pharmacology is an approach that begins with documented clinical effects of natural products and then uses experimental and clinical research to develop drug candidates from these effects. It involves three stages - experiential, exploratory, and experimental. The experiential stage involves documenting clinical observations of natural products. The exploratory stage involves dose-activity studies and in vitro/in vivo models to evaluate key targets. The experimental stage further studies plants or molecules at different biological levels to define safety, efficacy, and therapeutic potential. This approach has successfully rediscovered drugs in the past but was applied sporadically. Current research is now applying this approach in a multidisciplinary manner to develop drugs for conditions like diabetes, arthritis, and hepatitis.
The document discusses herb-drug interactions (HDIs), providing background information and examples. It notes that HDIs are common due to many people using herbal medicines alongside conventional drugs. Herbal products can interact with drugs by interfering with the cytochrome P450 system and P-glycoprotein, affecting the metabolism and transport of drugs. This can change drug levels in the body and potentially cause toxic effects or reduce drug efficacy. The document examines several herbs that are known to interact with medications through these pathways and provides recommendations to avoid interactions and ensure patient safety when using herbal and conventional products together.
The neuroprotective role of Panax notoginseng saponins in APP/PS1 transgenic ...LucyPi1
Abstract Background: Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) is extracted from Sanqi (Panax notoginseng), which is a valuable herb and has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases and pain. PNS has been proved to promote blood circulation and angiogenesis by inhibiting platelet aggregation. In our previous study, PNS accompanied with geniposide can prevent Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the efficacy of PNS and its potential mechanism in AD remain unclear. Methods: Amyloid precursor protein/presenilin-1 (APP/PS1) transgenic (Tg) mice were used as AD-like animal models. Wild-type mice and APP/PS1 transgenic were administrated with saline solution while mice in PNS treatment group were administrated with PNS at a dosage of 17 mg/kg/day for three months. Morris water maze (MWM) was applied to evaluate the spatial learning and memory and step-down test was used to evaluate the cognitive function. 1% Thioflavin-S staining was used to calculate the average number amyloid plaques in cortex and hippocampus. CD31 staining was detected to observe the density of cerebrovascular in hippocampus areas and CD105 staining was further detected to evaluate angiogenesis. Laser Doppler PeriFlux 5000 was further measured the change of cerebrovascular blood flow. ChemDraw was used to draw the molecular structures of five main ingredients of PNS. AlzPlatform were used to estimate the potential targets of PNS. Results: By a bench of behavioral tests, PNS showed a better tendency in proving cognitive functions. In addition, the amyloid plaques in both cortex and hippocampus were significantly reduced after PNS intervention (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 respectively). Furthermore, the density of cerebrovascular in the hippocampus areas was increased under PNS administration (P < 0.001), which accompanied with angiogenesis in dentate gyrus areas and cerebrovascular blood flow promotion (P < 0.05). By AlzPlatform docking serve, we screened five major ingredients of PNS—R1, Rd, Rb1, Re and Rg1. These screening data suggested that vascular related proteins could be the one of potential targets of PNS, such as platelet activating factor receptor and vasopressin V1a receptor. Conclusion: By modulating cerebrovascular function, PNS can reduce the deposition of amyloid plaques and exhibit the role of neuroprotection in a preventive strategy.
Herb-drug interactions can occur through various mechanisms. Some herbs like St. John's wort can affect the metabolism of drugs through cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein transporters. Clinical studies show that some herbs like ginger, ginkgo, and ginseng have little effect on drug metabolism, while others like garlic and aloe vera may interact with specific drugs through unknown mechanisms. Careful evaluation of potential herb-drug interactions is needed when combining herbal medicines with conventional drugs.
ISSN 2347-2251
It appears that you're describing the scope of a scientific journal. This journal covers a wide range of topics related to both Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Sciences of the journalism journals.
The Indo-American Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences is an online international journal that publishes articles quarterly.It's important to note that the specific policies, guidelines, and the editorial board of IAJPB may change over time, so it's advisable to visit the journal's official website or contact the journal of the research on journaling.
Evaluation of the Anxiolytic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Galinsoga parvi...Rajesh Yadav
The document describes a study that evaluated the anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) activity of the ethanolic extract of Galinsoga parviflora in mice models. Mice were orally administered doses of the Galinsoga parviflora extract or diazepam and tested in the light-dark box, hole board, and rotarod tests. The extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly increased the time mice spent in the light box and the number of head dips in the hole board test, similar to diazepam. The extract did not impair motor coordination on the rotarod test like diazepam did. The results provide support for the anxiolytic effects of
Fenugreek has been shown to possibly have hypoglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties based on preliminary animal and human studies. Several small randomized controlled trials found that oral fenugreek seed powder significantly improved blood glucose and lipid levels in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the quality of evidence is limited due to small sample sizes and methodological weaknesses in the studies conducted so far. Additional higher quality research is still needed.
Evaluation of the changes in the gene CYP3A4 expression in HepG2 cells under ...Angela Farngren
This study evaluated the effects of rifampicin and alpha-ketoglutarate on expression of the CYP3A4 gene in HepG2 liver cells. HepG2 cells were treated with either 10mM rifampicin or 4mM alpha-ketoglutarate for 7 days. RNA was extracted on days 0, 3, and 7 and analyzed via qPCR. Rifampicin treatment significantly increased CYP3A4 expression, peaking on day 3 and decreasing slightly by day 7. Alpha-ketoglutarate initially decreased CYP3A4 expression for the first 3 days but then increased expression levels. The study demonstrates that rifampicin and alpha-ket
Constituiçõ umidade fleuma genomica suscetibilidade, ajuste e tratamento co...valdemar caumo
1. Genomic studies found four upregulated genes and six downregulated genes in people with a phlegm-dampness constitution compared to those with a balanced constitution. Gene analysis indicated people with phlegm-dampness constitution are susceptible to issues like hyperlipidemia and diabetes.
2. Epidemiological surveys found people with phlegm-dampness constitution have a much higher risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and diabetes than those with a balanced constitution.
3. Differentiating phlegm-dampness constitution can help estimate disease risks and Chinese herbal medicine may help reduce risks for related diseases in those with phlegm-dampness constitution. Constitution-based prevention strategies are consistent with personalized
1) Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an Indian herb also known as winter cherry or Indian ginseng.
2) It contains steroidal compounds and alkaloids that have sedative, adaptogenic, immune-boosting, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties.
3) Ashwagandha is used to relieve anxiety, stress and age-related decline, and to enhance strength, memory and fertility. It shows potential for conditions like arthritis, cancer and infections.
Annual advances of integrative pharmacology in 2019LucyPi1
This document summarizes research on traditional medicine pharmacology from 2019. It covers two main sections: research highlights and representative disease studies. In research highlights, it discusses studies on artemisinin for cancer ferroptosis, rutin for neuroinflammation, ginseng for gut microbiota and obesity, and teas for metabolic disorders. It also discusses novel directions using supramolecular chemistry. In disease studies, it notes many investigations into herbal compounds for cancer treatment involved mechanisms like tubulin binding. It also mentions studies of traditional medicines for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and metabolic diseases as well as inflammation and infection.
This study investigated the effects of Ginsenoside Rh2 on the STAT3 signaling pathway in human gastric cancer NCI-N87 cells. The results showed that Ginsenoside Rh2 treatment decreased phosphorylation of STAT3 and Jak2 proteins in NCI-N87 cells and inhibited IL-induced phosphorylation of these proteins. Ginsenoside Rh2 selectively inhibited phosphorylation of Tyr705 in the STAT3 molecule by downregulating phosphorylation of Jak2 protein specifically. Transfection of a CA-STAT3 plasmid reversed the G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis caused by Ginsenoside Rh2, indicating it acts by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway.
1) Andrographis paniculata is a traditional medicinal herb that contains various immunomodulatory compounds like andrographolide.
2) The study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of A. paniculata extracts on mice.
3) The methodology involves collecting and extracting A. paniculata, testing for toxicity, and examining pharmacological effects on immune markers in mice serum and organs. Statistical analysis will be conducted to analyze the effects.
Total saponins in Rubus parvifolius L. induce lymphoma cells apoptosis throug...LucyPi1
Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of total saponins of Rubus parvifolius L. (TSRP) on lymphoma Raji cells and further discuss its mechanism. Methods: The model of nude mice bearing Raji cells was established, the volume, weight and inhibition rate of the transplanted tumor were analyzed and compared after different concentrations of TSRP treatment. Cell apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Fas proteins were detected by TUNEL and immunohistochemiscal method respectively. Effects of TSRP on cell proliferation were tested with MTT assay in vitro. Cell apoptosis and expression of Caspase-9, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and Fas proteins were tested with DAPI staining and Western blot. Results: TSRP significantly reduced the volume and tumor weight of Raji subcutaneous transplanted tumor and induced the apoptosis of Raji cells in vivo. The tumor inhibition rate of high-dose (100 mg/kg) TSRP is 90.84%. The TUNEL test results show that the fluorescence intensity of the tumor issue treated with TSRP is significantly improved. Compared with the control group, the fluorescence intensity of high-concentration TSRP is 82.43 ± 7.81, which is significantly different (P < 0.001). The results of immunohistochemistry test showed that the Bcl-2 expression of Raji cell treated with TSRP is obviously reduced, and Bax expression is obviously increased. Meanwhile, compared with that of control group, Fas expression is obviously reduced. MTT assay showed that TSRP can significantly inhibit proliferation of Raji cells with dose dependence. The inhibition rate of 400 μg/mL TSRP is 53.46 ± 4.90% (P < 0.001). DAPI staining results showed that TSRP can significantly induce cell apoptosis. According to Western blot results, it is found that TSRP can significantly inhibit activity of Bcl-2 and increase Bax expression, and TSRP can also inhibit Fas expression. Meanwhile, expression of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 is also increased. Conclusion: TSRP could inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma via induction of apoptosis in a time and dose-dependent manner. Apoptotic signaling induced by TSRP was characterized by up-regulating Bax, Fas and Caspase-8 protein expression, and down-regulating of Bcl-2 protein expression.
Anacyclus Pyrenthrum An Unexplored Ethanomedicinal Plantijtsrd
Anacyclus pyrenthrum most widely growing species of the family Asteraceae. The plant having several pharmacological actions such as antidiabetic, immunostimulant , inhibitory effects, antidepressant activity, anticonvulsant activity, memory enhancing activity, aphrodisiacs, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, local anesthetic effect, insecticidal effect, action on COX and LOX, interactions with testosterone, interaction with libido, and it interaction with testicles. mostly the root is having phytochemical components which shows above pharmacological activity. M B Narkhede | V B Patond | N G Ratnaparkhi | S D Mhaske "Anacyclus Pyrenthrum: An Unexplored Ethanomedicinal Plant" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31913.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/31913/anacyclus-pyrenthrum-an-unexplored-ethanomedicinal-plant/m-b-narkhede
Asteraceae‟ family name is give after one of the genus of this family, i.e.„Aster‟, which is derived from the Greek word „ἀrsήq‟which means the star that embodies its inflorescence. Synantherology is the name given to the research and investigation of this family. A sits petals open in the morning and close in the evening, members of this family are also named „Daisy‟, which is derived from English name: daegesege, which means „day‟seye‟. The plants of this family grow as annual and perennial herbs and shrubs, vines or trees in forests to high-altitude grasslands (Klaas et al., 2002).
Characteristic inflorescences (flowers indense heads with involucrum) and the calyx forming the pappus crowning the nut are found in this family.
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdfrightmanforbloodline
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition