Neoadjuvant rh-endostatin, docetaxel and epirubicin for breast cancer: effica...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin) is a novel antiangiogenesis drug developed in
China. Previous experiments have shown that rh-endostatin can inhibit the proliferation and
migration of endothelial cells and some types of tumor cells. In this study, we evaluated the
efficacy and safety profiles of combination therapy of rh-endostatin and neoadjuvant
chemotherapy for breast cancer patients in a prospective, randomized, controlled, phase II
trial.
Current Status and Prospective Of Cancer Disease in Bangladesh: A Cross-Secti...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Neoadjuvant rh-endostatin, docetaxel and epirubicin for breast cancer: effica...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Recombinant human endostatin (rh-endostatin) is a novel antiangiogenesis drug developed in
China. Previous experiments have shown that rh-endostatin can inhibit the proliferation and
migration of endothelial cells and some types of tumor cells. In this study, we evaluated the
efficacy and safety profiles of combination therapy of rh-endostatin and neoadjuvant
chemotherapy for breast cancer patients in a prospective, randomized, controlled, phase II
trial.
Current Status and Prospective Of Cancer Disease in Bangladesh: A Cross-Secti...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Association between variations in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene an...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
It is clear that genetic variations in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene affect body mass index and the risk of obesity. Given the mounting evidence showing a positive association between obesity and pancreatic cancer, this study aimed to investigate the relation between variants in the FTO gene, obesity and pancreatic cancer risk.
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Determination of Interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) and Interleukin-6(IL6) in Gingival C...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Abstract—Periodontal disease is a destructive inflammatory disease inducing profound changes in the plasma concentrations of cytokines leading to a catabolic state characterized by altered lipid metabolism and hypertriglyceridemia. This study was conducted with the aim find out association of chronic periodontitis with serum lipid parameters. Study group consist of 30 cases of chronic periodontitis (case group) and control group consist of 30 healthy individuals. Age range was kept 25-60 years to avoid extreme ages. Periodontal parameters including Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Depth and Clinical Attachment Level were recorded. Lipid profile comprising of total cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL- Cholesterol and LDL was assessed and co related with periodontal parameters. This study confirms significantly higher levels of mean cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL in periodontitis group as compared to healthy group. Also, there is significant negative co relation of HDL with probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Association of hyperlipidemia and chronic periodontitis is evident in developed state of disease. With this study, this relation is confirmed based on Factor and Outcome.
PTPRC as a Predictive Marker Related to PD-L1 for Prognosis and Immunotherapy...semualkaira
The expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) has been found to be closely related to the efficacy
of immunotherapy. The aim of our study is to explore biomarkers
associated with PD-L1 expression that might influence the efficacy
of immunotherapy.
PTPRC as a Predictive Marker Related to PD-L1 for Prognosis and Immunotherapy...semualkaira
The expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) has been found to be closely related to the efficacy of immunotherapy. The aim of our study is to explore biomarkers associated with PD-L1 expression that might influence the efficacy of immunotherapy.
PTPRC as a Predictive Marker Related to PD-L1 for Prognosis and Immunotherapy...semualkaira
The expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) has been found to be closely related to the efficacy of immunotherapy. The aim of our study is to explore biomarkers associated with PD-L1 expression that might influence the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Association between variations in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene an...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
It is clear that genetic variations in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene affect body mass index and the risk of obesity. Given the mounting evidence showing a positive association between obesity and pancreatic cancer, this study aimed to investigate the relation between variants in the FTO gene, obesity and pancreatic cancer risk.
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Determination of Interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) and Interleukin-6(IL6) in Gingival C...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Abstract—Periodontal disease is a destructive inflammatory disease inducing profound changes in the plasma concentrations of cytokines leading to a catabolic state characterized by altered lipid metabolism and hypertriglyceridemia. This study was conducted with the aim find out association of chronic periodontitis with serum lipid parameters. Study group consist of 30 cases of chronic periodontitis (case group) and control group consist of 30 healthy individuals. Age range was kept 25-60 years to avoid extreme ages. Periodontal parameters including Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Depth and Clinical Attachment Level were recorded. Lipid profile comprising of total cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL- Cholesterol and LDL was assessed and co related with periodontal parameters. This study confirms significantly higher levels of mean cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL in periodontitis group as compared to healthy group. Also, there is significant negative co relation of HDL with probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Association of hyperlipidemia and chronic periodontitis is evident in developed state of disease. With this study, this relation is confirmed based on Factor and Outcome.
PTPRC as a Predictive Marker Related to PD-L1 for Prognosis and Immunotherapy...semualkaira
The expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) has been found to be closely related to the efficacy
of immunotherapy. The aim of our study is to explore biomarkers
associated with PD-L1 expression that might influence the efficacy
of immunotherapy.
PTPRC as a Predictive Marker Related to PD-L1 for Prognosis and Immunotherapy...semualkaira
The expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) has been found to be closely related to the efficacy of immunotherapy. The aim of our study is to explore biomarkers associated with PD-L1 expression that might influence the efficacy of immunotherapy.
PTPRC as a Predictive Marker Related to PD-L1 for Prognosis and Immunotherapy...semualkaira
The expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) has been found to be closely related to the efficacy of immunotherapy. The aim of our study is to explore biomarkers associated with PD-L1 expression that might influence the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein, a member of the transforming growth factor-B super family. This hormone is a sensitive marker of ovarian reserve. The present study aims to measure the Anti-Mullerian hormone in thalassemic females receiving the regular blood transfusion as well as patients of chronic idiopathic thrombocgtopenic purpura and age and sex matched controls. Serum Anti-Mullerian hormone was measured by ELISA and Ferritin were measured by RIA. Clinical evaluation was done for all patients including anthropometric measurements, pubertal staging and history taking. Results of the study were analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. Obtained results revealed that the values of Body Mass Index as well as Anti-Mullerian were significantly higher in controls than thalassemics and chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and there was a negative correlation between serum Ferritin and Anti-Mullerian hormone. Moreover, Anti-Mullerian hormone was significantly higher in patients receiving Desferal than in those receiving Deferriprone. Reduced Anti-Mullerian hormone in thalassemics as well as chronic ITP patients are considered an important indicator declines in ovarian function which entail modification in the therapeutic plans for thalassemic and chronic ITP patients.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Intraepithelial lymphocyte distribution differs between the bulb and the seco...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Evaluation of intraepithelial duodenal lymphocytosis (IDL) is important in celiac disease (CD). There is no established cut-off value for increased number of IELs in the bulb. We therefore investigated the relation between IEL counts in the bulb and duodenal specimens in non-celiac subjects.
Determining the intrinsic quality of a summary (for Automatic Summarization E...Nishita Jaykumar
Automatic generation of summaries that capture the salient
aspects of a search resultset (i.e., automatic summarization) has become
an important task in biomedical research. Automatic summarization of-
fers an avenue for overcoming the information overload problem stem-
ming from large online bibliographic databases. However, across many
of the knowledge-driven approaches for automatic summarization it is
not always clear which features most impact the quality of a summary.
And such informative features should not be ignored, as they could be
utilized to help optimize the models developed to generate summaries in
the first place.
Role of serum trace elements magnesium, copper and zinc, level in Libyan pati...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB) covers studies of the chemical processes in living organisms, structure and function of cellular components such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other biomolecules, chemical properties of important biological molecules, like proteins, in particular the chemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions, genetic code (DNA, RNA), protein synthesis, cell membrane transport, and signal transduction. IOSR-JBB is privileged to focus on a wide range of biotechnology as well as high quality articles on genetic engineering, cell and tissue culture technologies, genetics, microbiology, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics.
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapa...DrHeena tiwari
An Epidemiological Data of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs in Pamulapadu Village of Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India: An Original Research
An Evaluation of Short Term Success and Survival Rate of Implants Placed in F...DrHeena tiwari
An Evaluation of Short Term Success and Survival Rate of Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Socket Post Prosthetic Rehabilitation- A Prospective Study
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
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Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdf
COMPARISON OF THE INTERLEUKIN-33 AMONG THE HEALTHY AND AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS CASES: AN ORIGINAL RESEARCH
1. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 13995
COMPARISON OF THE INTERLEUKIN-33 AMONG THE HEALTHY AND
AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS CASES: AN ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Dr. Tazeen Dawood1
, Dr. Mukund Singh2
, Dr. Heena Dixit Tiwari3
, Dr. Gowri Swaminatham Pendyala4
,
Dr. Kameswari Kondreddy5
, Dr. Patcha Harika6
, Dr.Mariea Francis7
.
1
Assistant Professor, Periodontics Division, Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of
Dentistry, Jazan university, KSA. drtazeend@gmail.com
2
Reader, Department of Conservative dentistry and Endodontics, Rural Dental College, Pravara
Institute of Medical Sciences,LONI-413736, TALUKA RAHATA, DISTRICT AHMEDNAGAR.
mukundvir@gmail.com
3
BDS, PGDHHM, Final year Student, Master of Public Health,Parul Univeristy, Limda, Waghodia,
Vadodara, Gujrat, India.drheenatiwari@gmail.com
4
Reader, Department Of Periodontics, Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute Of Medical Sciences,
Loni, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra. gowri.pendyala@gmail.com
5
Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST UNIVERSITY, Semeling,
Bedong, Kedah-08100, Malaysia. drkameswarikondreddy@gmail.com
6
Post graduate student, Department of periodontics, Lenora institute of dental sciences, Rajahmundry,
AP. patchaharika103@gmail.com
7
MDS, Consultant Oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a novel alarmin that warns immune cells of tissue destruction in
injury or infection. Hence in this study we aim to compare the interleukin-3 among the healthy and
aggressive periodontitis cases.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, biochemical, genetic study. We divided the groups
to three as healthy group, chronic periodontitis patients, and generalized aggressive periodontitis patients. IL-
33 concentration in GCF, as well as plasma, was quantified.
Results: A significant difference was found in IL-33 concentration in GCF and plasma between the three
groups. GG genotype of IL-33 SNP rs1157505 was associated with the highest GCF and plasma IL-33
concentration and was significantly more in GAgP than healthy or CP groups. IL-33 SNP rs7044343 did not
show any such association. All Gag Ppatients had the highest GCF and plasma concentrationofIL-33.
Conclusions: IL-33 may be a potential inflammatory marker of periodontitis. GG genotype of SNP
rs1157505 may be associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis.
Keywords: Interleukin-33, Chronic Periodontitis, Aggressive Periodontitis,
I. INTRODUCTION
Cytokine immunebiology pivots the development of numerous destructive inflammatory diseases such as
autoimmune arthritis, Crohn's disease, and periodontitis. IL-33 is the newest entrant to the IL-1 family.[1] IL-33
(IL-1F11 [IL-1 Family member 11]) is a bi- functional alarmin that not only links innate and adaptive immune
responses as a cytokine but is also a nuclear factor.[2-3] Cytokines are the primary mediators of
immunoregulation; therefore, the corresponding genetic regulatory factors concerned with cytokine function and
periodontitis have been probed. Association between a composite genotype of the IL-1 gene with severe
periodontitis has been found.[8] Polymorphisms in the IL-33 gene have been found to be associated with
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and rheumatoid arthritis. [4-6]Hence in our study we aim to estimate IL-33 in gingival
2. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 13996
crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma and to study the association of IL-33 gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms
(SNPs) rs1157505 and rs7044343 in chronic periodontitis (CP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP)
patients.
II. MATERIALS ANDMETHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional, biochemical, genetic study. We divided the groups to three as healthy group-H,
chronic periodontitis patients-CP, and generalized aggressive periodontitis- GAgP patients. IL-33 concentration
in GCF, as well as plasma, was quantified. Patient approval and ethics clearance were taken. Only healthy
nonsmoking subjects were selected.Periodontal evaluation included gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth
(PPD), probing attachment level (PAL), and presence or absence of sulcular bleeding upon probing. PPD and
PAL were measured. Different sites were sampled to obtain a suitable volume of GCF in healthy subjects. In the
CP and GAgP groups, a single sampling site with the greatest PAL along with radiographic evidence of alveolar
bone resorption was chosen per subject. The sample GCF volume in the Periopaper strip was quantified by
Periotron 8000 and transferred to microcentrifuge tubes (with identification markings) containing 0.4 mL of
phosphate-buffered saline and stored at−80°C til l the assay was run.
DNA and plasma extraction
Ten milliliters of blood was obtained from each participant by venipuncture. Two milliliters of the blood was
used for plasma separation. The plasma was stored in a plastic vial at
−80°C until the time of assa y. The
remaining 8 ml of the whole blood sample was promptly transported in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-coated
vacutainers in the molecular genetics laboratory for DNA extraction and subsequent SNP analysis of IL33 gene.
Interleukin-33 analysis
IL-33 concentration in GCF and plasma, obtained from the study subjects, were measured using Human IL-33
ELISA.
Interleukin-33 genotyping was done later by Miller's method[6] and Genotyping was carried out by PCR-
restriction fragment length polymorphism as described by Chapuis etal.[7]
The comparison of the groups was done using appropriate statistical tools and p<0.05 was kept as significant.
III. RESULTS
The GAgP group had the highest mean IL-33 concentration in GCF and plasma. The GCF concentration of IL-33
differed significantly between the three groups. The plasma concentration of IL-33 differed significantly between
groups H and GAgP (P < 0.001) and the groups CP and GAgP (P < 0.001). GCF and plasma concentration of IL-
33 was found to be statistically independent of GI, PPD, or PAL in any group. TABLE 1. The frequency of IL33
SNP rs1157505 GG allele was greatest in GAgP (26.7%) compared to other groups. IL33 SNP rs7044343 TC
genotype correlated with the lowest PPD in the healthy group (P = 0.030). The GG genotype subjects had the
highest levels of IL-33 in GCF and plasma. IL33 rs7044343 TT genotype subjects of the healthy group had the
highest plasma concentration of IL-33 [Tables 2–5]. The CC and CG variants of rs1157505 SNP, when divided
into individual groups, mottled significantly in the levels of GCF and plasma IL-33, whereas the GG variant did
not show a statistically significant inter-group difference in IL-33 concentration in GCF and plasma. The CC,
TC, and TT variants of rs7044343 SNP, when divided into individual groups, showed a statistically significant
difference in the levels of GCF IL-33 and plasma IL-33 between the groups.
Table 1: Various gingival crevicular fluid and plasma interleukin-33 concentration
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Table 2: Association of genotype rs1157505 (C/C, C/G, G/G) with respect to gingival crevicular fluid and plasma
interleukin-33
Table 3: Association of genotype rs7044343 (C/C, T/C, T/T) with respect to gingival crevicular fluid and plasma interleukin-
33
4. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
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Table 4: Association of genotype rs1157505 (C/C, C/G, G/G) with respect to gingival crevicular fluid and plasma
interleukin-33 levels irrespective of groups
Table 5 Association of genotype rs7044343 (C/C, T/C, T/T) with respect to gingival crevicular fluid and plasma interleukin -
33 levels irrespective of groups
IV. DISCUSSION
The results of previous studies, by various researchers who have quantified IL-33 in periodontal disease, have
been quite contradictory. In the current study, IL-33 was detected in GCF and plasma, which may be due to a
newer, more sensitive ELISA kit. Studies that detected IL-33 in GCF, saliva, and plasma have reported that IL-33
5. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3)
ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X
www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 13999
levels cannot discern chronic periodontitis patients from healthy individuals. The higher concentration of IL-33
in GCF compared to plasma in our study may be the result of increase in local production of IL-33 from the
increased vasculature in diseased periodontal tissues or from periodontal tissue destruction.[8-11] Since we have
included systemically healthy subjects, the higher IL-33 plasma concentration in periodontitis groups might be
due to a spill-over from the periodontal tissues into the systemic circulation.In our study, PPD and PAL
measurements were greater in CP and GAgP groups as anticipated. The IL-33 concentration did not correlate
with clinical parameters of inflammation. Analyses of GCF components give an accurate indication of the link
between specific metabolic variation and disease status.[12] Hence, the concentration of IL-33 might be a true
indicator of the periodontal disease activity in the absence of evident changes in the soft tissue
parameters.Mendonça et al. have reported increased IL-33 levels in the saliva of systemic lupus erythematosus
patients with chronic periodontitis.[13] Gümüş et al. found that salivary levels of IL-33 are higher in chronic
periodontitis groups.[14] Nizam et al. have quantified and noted increased salivary cytokines, including IL-33 in
sleep apnea patients as compared to controls.[15] IL33 SNPs rs7044343 and rs11792633 have been studied in
various diseases such as Behçet's disease, systemic sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis,[10,42] whereas rs1157505
is associated with the risk of developing AD. [16-18] A similarity was seen our study also.
V. CONCLUSION
We found a significant difference between the distribution of the rare allelic variant (G/G) of rs1157505 SNP
between the three study groups. It was seen that the rare allele variant GG genotype was associated with the
highest concentrations of IL-33 in GCF and plasma and GAgP patients exhibited the highest concentrations of
IL-33, irrespective of the genotype. IL-33 appears to be a promising biomarker for periodontal health and disease
and future interventional studies may help comprehend its exact role in periodontitis opening new avenues for
periodontal therapy. Further studies with larger samples are advocated.
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