The objective of the Japan Habitat's Smile Latrine Project baseline is to establish a benchmark for the implementation of the CLTS and Sanitation Marketing Project and contribute to a better understanding of the sanitation and hygiene situation in selected Villages in Homa Bay County..
Smile latrine project sanitation marketing and clts report Javan Okello
he objective of the Japan Habitat's Smile Latrine Project baseline is to establish a benchmark for the implementation of the CLTS and Sanitation Marketing Project and contribute to a better understanding of the sanitation and hygiene situation in selected Villages in Homa Bay County.
This project aims to improve access to clean water and sanitation in rural Cambodia. It will construct new water points and repair existing ones for 29 villages, establishing a maintenance program to ensure long-term sustainability. It will also promote better hygiene practices through community workshops and build latrines in 8 schools. This 3-year project, which complements government goals, expects to train local maintenance teams and gradually transfer responsibility to community water groups and provincial authorities to continue support after project completion.
The document discusses civic education for adult learners in New Zealand. It notes that voter turnout increased 5% from 2010 to 2013 in the Wairoa District. It suggests taking a positive, solution-focused approach to civic issues by engaging in respectful discussion, including leaders, highlighting successes, and building a culture of participation.
Safe Water Gardens - Safe Sanitation for All - Pitch Deck V9Tim-Frederik Kohler
A Safe Water Garden (SWG) is a scalable sewage treatment system developed from an original UNICEF concept. It suits individual households, as well as small community centres like rural schools.
A highly dedicated team devotes its time to build up a network of Safe Water Gardens in Indonesia.
We have the vision to scale it up to build 100 Million of these gardens across developing rural tropical Asia and beyond.
Wro presentation Church in Wales roundtable discussion - Builth Wells, 7 Oc...colemanje1
The document provides an overview of research conducted by the Wales Rural Observatory (WRO) on social trends in rural Wales. It summarizes key findings from the WRO's 2007 household survey of over 4,000 rural Welsh households on topics such as population and migration, community involvement, employment, and access to local services. It also describes a 2009 WRO study that examined the experiences of residents in five remote "deep rural" Welsh communities with populations under 1,000 and limited services. The deep rural study found high satisfaction with quality of life but concerns about the decline of local services.
The document summarizes key data on the state of children in Nanaimo, BC. It finds that 19% of children live in poverty, immunization rates are below provincial averages, and early childhood vulnerability is around 30%. However, initiatives like the Early Years Network provide a foundation to address issues. The data is intended to catalyze discussion, identify priorities, and plan improvements to better support children in the community.
together, Japan Habitat Association, Sawayume Kenya and the County Government of Homa Bay to improve the sanitation profiles in Homa Bay County and promote sustainable sanitation interventions, technologies and practices. The vision of the project is to sustainably improve the sanitation profiles of the rural communities of Kenya. The aim is to eradicate open defecation, promote universal access to improved sanitation facilities, and reduce the burden of diseases related to poor sanitation, increase sanitation technology choices among rural communities while improving the household incomes for investments in sanitation.
Smile latrine project sanitation marketing and clts report Javan Okello
he objective of the Japan Habitat's Smile Latrine Project baseline is to establish a benchmark for the implementation of the CLTS and Sanitation Marketing Project and contribute to a better understanding of the sanitation and hygiene situation in selected Villages in Homa Bay County.
This project aims to improve access to clean water and sanitation in rural Cambodia. It will construct new water points and repair existing ones for 29 villages, establishing a maintenance program to ensure long-term sustainability. It will also promote better hygiene practices through community workshops and build latrines in 8 schools. This 3-year project, which complements government goals, expects to train local maintenance teams and gradually transfer responsibility to community water groups and provincial authorities to continue support after project completion.
The document discusses civic education for adult learners in New Zealand. It notes that voter turnout increased 5% from 2010 to 2013 in the Wairoa District. It suggests taking a positive, solution-focused approach to civic issues by engaging in respectful discussion, including leaders, highlighting successes, and building a culture of participation.
Safe Water Gardens - Safe Sanitation for All - Pitch Deck V9Tim-Frederik Kohler
A Safe Water Garden (SWG) is a scalable sewage treatment system developed from an original UNICEF concept. It suits individual households, as well as small community centres like rural schools.
A highly dedicated team devotes its time to build up a network of Safe Water Gardens in Indonesia.
We have the vision to scale it up to build 100 Million of these gardens across developing rural tropical Asia and beyond.
Wro presentation Church in Wales roundtable discussion - Builth Wells, 7 Oc...colemanje1
The document provides an overview of research conducted by the Wales Rural Observatory (WRO) on social trends in rural Wales. It summarizes key findings from the WRO's 2007 household survey of over 4,000 rural Welsh households on topics such as population and migration, community involvement, employment, and access to local services. It also describes a 2009 WRO study that examined the experiences of residents in five remote "deep rural" Welsh communities with populations under 1,000 and limited services. The deep rural study found high satisfaction with quality of life but concerns about the decline of local services.
The document summarizes key data on the state of children in Nanaimo, BC. It finds that 19% of children live in poverty, immunization rates are below provincial averages, and early childhood vulnerability is around 30%. However, initiatives like the Early Years Network provide a foundation to address issues. The data is intended to catalyze discussion, identify priorities, and plan improvements to better support children in the community.
together, Japan Habitat Association, Sawayume Kenya and the County Government of Homa Bay to improve the sanitation profiles in Homa Bay County and promote sustainable sanitation interventions, technologies and practices. The vision of the project is to sustainably improve the sanitation profiles of the rural communities of Kenya. The aim is to eradicate open defecation, promote universal access to improved sanitation facilities, and reduce the burden of diseases related to poor sanitation, increase sanitation technology choices among rural communities while improving the household incomes for investments in sanitation.
The document provides information on environmental health and progress towards MDG 7 goals of ensuring environmental sustainability. It discusses key environmental health burdens like indoor and outdoor air pollution and issues around sanitation, water and hygiene. Case studies from Senegal and India are presented that examine handwashing promotion and water quality issues. A case study from Indonesia outlines their total sanitation strategy using community-led approaches to end open defecation.
Sustainability and social networking 11-14Jerry Cox
The document presents a vision statement for a sustainable community called Grapevine Wash. It outlines goals for Grapevine Wash such as being environmentally friendly by reducing energy/water consumption and utilizing renewable resources. It also aims to be a walkable community with neighborhoods within 5 minutes of centers and to use social networking to connect residents.
Changing Behavior What Does It Mean and How Do We Do It (2 of 3)Rotary International
Wells, toilets, water towers, and pipelines. Even the
well-designed elements of Rotary water, sanitation, and
hygiene (WASH) projects can fail if people don’t use
them. There are many reasons people might hesitate
to use a communal toilet. It’s important to understand
the reasons before you build the toilet. Learn about
behavior change and its role in WASH programs, how it’s
connected with culture and community values, and how
to incorporate it into your WASH projects and measure
the outcomes.
Moderator: F. Ronald Denham, Water and Sanitation
Rotarian Action Group Chair Emeritus, Rotary Club of
Toronto Eglinton, Ontario, Canada
At least something for many? New pathways, greater progress: Scopes and Chall...STEPS Centre
The document discusses community-led total sanitation (CLTS) approaches to improving sanitation and achieving open defecation free communities. It outlines some of the key principles of CLTS, including community empowerment, collective decision making, and locally appropriate solutions rather than external subsidies or prescriptions. It also discusses some of the challenges to scaling up CLTS, including reliance on subsidies, prescriptive technologies, and a lack of coordination between different organizations. Examples from several countries show how CLTS has led to innovations and improved sanitation outcomes when communities lead the process.
The document provides an overview of a day-long event on involving care homes in the Think Kidneys program. The agenda includes: welcoming remarks and an overview of the day's plan in the morning, presentations and group work on understanding the care home environment, acute kidney injury, and resources needed to engage care homes in the afternoon, and a summary and action plan at the end of the day. A presentation by Professor Julienne Meyer discusses promoting quality of life in care homes, including the challenges faced by residents, staff, and the care home environment.
The document summarizes key findings from the "Dropping off the Edge 2015" report on location-based disadvantage in Australia. It discusses how disadvantage is concentrated in specific communities and impacts families through issues like unemployment, domestic violence and low education. It also highlights the importance of social cohesion in building community resilience and dampening the effects of disadvantage. The organizations advocate for a long-term, place-based approach involving communities to address entrenched disadvantage in the most vulnerable locations.
This document provides an overview of the Community Resilience Linking Livelihoods event taking place on February 13-14, 2015 in Patna, Bihar. It discusses key concepts around building community resilience, including local focus, capacity building, adapting from relief to sustainable practices, and linking community efforts to national programs. It also summarizes the work of UDYAMA, an organization working on community resilience and livelihood programs in Odisha, India, including their community interventions, key results, and relationship with local and international partners and initiatives. The document outlines some of the climate change and other risks faced in Odisha and discusses UDYAMA's approach to building resilience through micro-planning, watershed management
Youth Volunteerism in line with SDGs by Dr Umaiyal MunusamyUmaiyal Munusamy
The document discusses the importance of youth volunteerism and its alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It notes that youth constitute 18% of the global population and are key agents for social change. Volunteering benefits both communities through services provided and volunteers through improved health, skills and employment opportunities. The 17 SDGs aim to end poverty, inequality and climate change by 2030 through global cooperation. Volunteer activities can support achieving the SDGs through initiatives related to health, education, clean water and sanitation, gender equality, economic growth, infrastructure, sustainability, peace and partnerships. Engaging youth volunteers in community-driven projects using new technologies can help maximize progress on the SDGs and create lasting social impacts.
1) 14.07.2017 - Working with the Community First Strategy EventACSCommissioning
Community Agents Essex is a partnership that supports older people and their informal carers across Essex. It aims to (1) improve health and wellbeing, (2) support independent living, and (3) reduce demand on health and social care services through a needs-driven and person-centered approach. Community Agents work flexibly within local communities to understand individuals' situations, connect them to groups and services, and help them achieve their goals in order to maintain independence and reduce isolation. Data shows the program is achieving its aims by improving clients' quality of life, maintaining independent living, and reducing costs for health and social care services.
This document discusses several social issues in India related to population growth, urbanization, food security, and environmental degradation caused by factors such as industrialization and overuse of natural resources. It then covers topics around sustainable development, including its definition, objectives, and key areas to focus on like improving energy efficiency and managing natural resources. The document also addresses issues related to women and child welfare, as well as HIV/AIDS prevention and transmission. It concludes by discussing water conservation, rainwater harvesting, and watershed management techniques.
The document outlines an integrated village development plan for Konaipally Village in India. The plan aims to promote survival, growth, and development of children in the village. It includes 11 points for the development of children, such as birth registration, immunization, nutrition, education, and child marriage prevention. It also details plans for personal development, human development, agriculture development, soil health cards, and involvement of children, women, and youth in development activities. The document identifies issues at the community, government, and constraints levels and proposes budgets, timelines, and implementing agencies for infrastructure projects to address gaps.
Addressing Food Security In Tanzania - Joint Nutrition Initiative Workshop (Morogoro, Tanzania - March 2014).
A look at how GSC are addressing the issue of Food Insecurity in Tanzania, Africa. The aim of GSC's work is to increase agricultural productivity at a household level and also to improve education and nutrition. As a result, we hope to boost the income and health of rural families. Ultimately, our aim is to reduce the prevalence of hunger & poverty in Tanzania by improving food security.
A multi disciplinary project bringing together art, science and humanities to gain a holistic picture of ageing and understand the perceptions of older people in Uganda.
Spatial Justice and the Irish Crisis: Poverty - Des McCafferty and Eileen Hum...The Royal Irish Academy
Royal Irish Academy Conference: Spatial Justice and the Irish Crisis
23 April, 2013, Academy House
The on-going crisis and associated responses to it (political, governance, popular etc.) provides an entry point for a wide-ranging exploration of spatial justice as a theoretical construct and a departure point for empirical analysis. Discourses of justice, equality and fairness remain central to a range of interconnected debates as Ireland seeks to recover from the interrelated collapses of the banking system and property markets and the knock on effects through the rest of society and the economy. Scale is an important dimension in framing and constructing popular discourses concerning issues of justice, e.g. the role of EU institutions in shaping Ireland’s treatment of banking debt or the impact of national budgetary measures on particular places. The focus of this conference is on understanding these spatially connected processes, how they are functioning at different scales, their impact on particular or specific places and spaces, as they give rise to new or evolving social and economic geographies.
Cities are becoming the most prominent context for social change in the world today, and they offer exciting opportunities for participative governance. A model of “systematic civic stewardship” frames the city as community-based, action-learning system. Leaders play key roles in neighborhood teams focused on local challenges (graduation rates, health outcomes, etc.), while learning and working with peers via city-wide communities of practice. We have much to learn about learning systems in any context—understanding how they work in communities and cities draws on organization experience and provokes new insights.
1) India faces many challenges related to access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Over 894 million people worldwide lack access to safe drinking water and over 1.1 billion people have no access to any improved drinking water source.
2) Poor sanitation and lack of access to clean water have significant negative health impacts, especially for children, including being the leading cause of disease worldwide and causing over 1.6 million deaths per year from diarrheal diseases.
3) While progress has been made in expanding access to sanitation and clean water in India, with nearly 68% of the rural population now having access, many issues around water quality, availability, and sustainable access to sanitation remain.
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
The document provides information on environmental health and progress towards MDG 7 goals of ensuring environmental sustainability. It discusses key environmental health burdens like indoor and outdoor air pollution and issues around sanitation, water and hygiene. Case studies from Senegal and India are presented that examine handwashing promotion and water quality issues. A case study from Indonesia outlines their total sanitation strategy using community-led approaches to end open defecation.
Sustainability and social networking 11-14Jerry Cox
The document presents a vision statement for a sustainable community called Grapevine Wash. It outlines goals for Grapevine Wash such as being environmentally friendly by reducing energy/water consumption and utilizing renewable resources. It also aims to be a walkable community with neighborhoods within 5 minutes of centers and to use social networking to connect residents.
Changing Behavior What Does It Mean and How Do We Do It (2 of 3)Rotary International
Wells, toilets, water towers, and pipelines. Even the
well-designed elements of Rotary water, sanitation, and
hygiene (WASH) projects can fail if people don’t use
them. There are many reasons people might hesitate
to use a communal toilet. It’s important to understand
the reasons before you build the toilet. Learn about
behavior change and its role in WASH programs, how it’s
connected with culture and community values, and how
to incorporate it into your WASH projects and measure
the outcomes.
Moderator: F. Ronald Denham, Water and Sanitation
Rotarian Action Group Chair Emeritus, Rotary Club of
Toronto Eglinton, Ontario, Canada
At least something for many? New pathways, greater progress: Scopes and Chall...STEPS Centre
The document discusses community-led total sanitation (CLTS) approaches to improving sanitation and achieving open defecation free communities. It outlines some of the key principles of CLTS, including community empowerment, collective decision making, and locally appropriate solutions rather than external subsidies or prescriptions. It also discusses some of the challenges to scaling up CLTS, including reliance on subsidies, prescriptive technologies, and a lack of coordination between different organizations. Examples from several countries show how CLTS has led to innovations and improved sanitation outcomes when communities lead the process.
The document provides an overview of a day-long event on involving care homes in the Think Kidneys program. The agenda includes: welcoming remarks and an overview of the day's plan in the morning, presentations and group work on understanding the care home environment, acute kidney injury, and resources needed to engage care homes in the afternoon, and a summary and action plan at the end of the day. A presentation by Professor Julienne Meyer discusses promoting quality of life in care homes, including the challenges faced by residents, staff, and the care home environment.
The document summarizes key findings from the "Dropping off the Edge 2015" report on location-based disadvantage in Australia. It discusses how disadvantage is concentrated in specific communities and impacts families through issues like unemployment, domestic violence and low education. It also highlights the importance of social cohesion in building community resilience and dampening the effects of disadvantage. The organizations advocate for a long-term, place-based approach involving communities to address entrenched disadvantage in the most vulnerable locations.
This document provides an overview of the Community Resilience Linking Livelihoods event taking place on February 13-14, 2015 in Patna, Bihar. It discusses key concepts around building community resilience, including local focus, capacity building, adapting from relief to sustainable practices, and linking community efforts to national programs. It also summarizes the work of UDYAMA, an organization working on community resilience and livelihood programs in Odisha, India, including their community interventions, key results, and relationship with local and international partners and initiatives. The document outlines some of the climate change and other risks faced in Odisha and discusses UDYAMA's approach to building resilience through micro-planning, watershed management
Youth Volunteerism in line with SDGs by Dr Umaiyal MunusamyUmaiyal Munusamy
The document discusses the importance of youth volunteerism and its alignment with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It notes that youth constitute 18% of the global population and are key agents for social change. Volunteering benefits both communities through services provided and volunteers through improved health, skills and employment opportunities. The 17 SDGs aim to end poverty, inequality and climate change by 2030 through global cooperation. Volunteer activities can support achieving the SDGs through initiatives related to health, education, clean water and sanitation, gender equality, economic growth, infrastructure, sustainability, peace and partnerships. Engaging youth volunteers in community-driven projects using new technologies can help maximize progress on the SDGs and create lasting social impacts.
1) 14.07.2017 - Working with the Community First Strategy EventACSCommissioning
Community Agents Essex is a partnership that supports older people and their informal carers across Essex. It aims to (1) improve health and wellbeing, (2) support independent living, and (3) reduce demand on health and social care services through a needs-driven and person-centered approach. Community Agents work flexibly within local communities to understand individuals' situations, connect them to groups and services, and help them achieve their goals in order to maintain independence and reduce isolation. Data shows the program is achieving its aims by improving clients' quality of life, maintaining independent living, and reducing costs for health and social care services.
This document discusses several social issues in India related to population growth, urbanization, food security, and environmental degradation caused by factors such as industrialization and overuse of natural resources. It then covers topics around sustainable development, including its definition, objectives, and key areas to focus on like improving energy efficiency and managing natural resources. The document also addresses issues related to women and child welfare, as well as HIV/AIDS prevention and transmission. It concludes by discussing water conservation, rainwater harvesting, and watershed management techniques.
The document outlines an integrated village development plan for Konaipally Village in India. The plan aims to promote survival, growth, and development of children in the village. It includes 11 points for the development of children, such as birth registration, immunization, nutrition, education, and child marriage prevention. It also details plans for personal development, human development, agriculture development, soil health cards, and involvement of children, women, and youth in development activities. The document identifies issues at the community, government, and constraints levels and proposes budgets, timelines, and implementing agencies for infrastructure projects to address gaps.
Addressing Food Security In Tanzania - Joint Nutrition Initiative Workshop (Morogoro, Tanzania - March 2014).
A look at how GSC are addressing the issue of Food Insecurity in Tanzania, Africa. The aim of GSC's work is to increase agricultural productivity at a household level and also to improve education and nutrition. As a result, we hope to boost the income and health of rural families. Ultimately, our aim is to reduce the prevalence of hunger & poverty in Tanzania by improving food security.
A multi disciplinary project bringing together art, science and humanities to gain a holistic picture of ageing and understand the perceptions of older people in Uganda.
Spatial Justice and the Irish Crisis: Poverty - Des McCafferty and Eileen Hum...The Royal Irish Academy
Royal Irish Academy Conference: Spatial Justice and the Irish Crisis
23 April, 2013, Academy House
The on-going crisis and associated responses to it (political, governance, popular etc.) provides an entry point for a wide-ranging exploration of spatial justice as a theoretical construct and a departure point for empirical analysis. Discourses of justice, equality and fairness remain central to a range of interconnected debates as Ireland seeks to recover from the interrelated collapses of the banking system and property markets and the knock on effects through the rest of society and the economy. Scale is an important dimension in framing and constructing popular discourses concerning issues of justice, e.g. the role of EU institutions in shaping Ireland’s treatment of banking debt or the impact of national budgetary measures on particular places. The focus of this conference is on understanding these spatially connected processes, how they are functioning at different scales, their impact on particular or specific places and spaces, as they give rise to new or evolving social and economic geographies.
Cities are becoming the most prominent context for social change in the world today, and they offer exciting opportunities for participative governance. A model of “systematic civic stewardship” frames the city as community-based, action-learning system. Leaders play key roles in neighborhood teams focused on local challenges (graduation rates, health outcomes, etc.), while learning and working with peers via city-wide communities of practice. We have much to learn about learning systems in any context—understanding how they work in communities and cities draws on organization experience and provokes new insights.
1) India faces many challenges related to access to clean drinking water and sanitation. Over 894 million people worldwide lack access to safe drinking water and over 1.1 billion people have no access to any improved drinking water source.
2) Poor sanitation and lack of access to clean water have significant negative health impacts, especially for children, including being the leading cause of disease worldwide and causing over 1.6 million deaths per year from diarrheal diseases.
3) While progress has been made in expanding access to sanitation and clean water in India, with nearly 68% of the rural population now having access, many issues around water quality, availability, and sustainable access to sanitation remain.
Similar to Japan Habitat Association, smile Latrine Project CLTS Baseline Survey Report Homa Bay County (20)
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
Food safety, prepare for the unexpected - So what can be done in order to be ready to address food safety, food Consumers, food producers and manufacturers, food transporters, food businesses, food retailers can ...
Indira awas yojana housing scheme renamed as PMAYnarinav14
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) played a significant role in addressing rural housing needs in India. It emerged as a comprehensive program for affordable housing solutions in rural areas, predating the government’s broader focus on mass housing initiatives.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
RFP for Reno's Community Assistance CenterThis Is Reno
Property appraisals completed in May for downtown Reno’s Community Assistance and Triage Centers (CAC) reveal that repairing the buildings to bring them back into service would cost an estimated $10.1 million—nearly four times the amount previously reported by city staff.
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
Japan Habitat Association, smile Latrine Project CLTS Baseline Survey Report Homa Bay County
1. Kakang’utu West Community Unit Sanitation Baseline Survey
Mr. Javan Solomon Okello
Presented At the 1st M&E Review meeting
27-February-2020
From Open Defecation to Sustainable Sanitation
www.sawayumekenya.org
2. Survey Aims
• The objective of the baseline is to establish a benchmark for the
implementation of the Smile Latrine Project and contribute to a
better understanding of the sanitation and hygiene situation in the
area.
• The specific objectives are:
• To Provide the basis for measuring changes in the villages and progress
overtime.
• To Provide a reliable database to facilitate comparison of baseline and
progress information on sanitation and hygiene among the Villages
• Provide aggregate data that facilitates learning and steering of the
programme.
3. Study Area
• Kakang’utu West
Community Unit is
located in Kabondo
Kasipul Constituency and
in Kabondo West Ward.
• The community unit
consists of 10 villages
namely: Nyokun, Kadero,
Kombok, Umai, Otondo,
Kawuor, Opanga, Wade,
Kabonyo and Kajimbo.
4. Survey Tools
• Questionnaire Design
• Developed my Miresi Consultants
• Design guided by other HH surveys :DHS,Inequality Surveys
• Questionnaires were pre-tested for both internal and external validities.
• An closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect data on the area
demographics, available sanitation facilities, handwashing practices,
economic activities and money savings practices.
• Questionnaire Translation
• The final draft of the questionnaire was translated into the local Luo Language
5. Methodology
• Community Entry
• Village Mapping
• Issuing of consent letters to all households by CHV’s and Village Elders
• Data Collectors & CHV’s training.
• Data Collection
• Data was collected using a mobile based application iSurvey that relayed data
real time to an online portal.
• Data was cleaned, collated and analyzed using SPSS V25
6. Summary of findings
Demographics
Description Number
Total number of households 1331
Surveyed Households 1162
Response rate 87%
SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC
CHARACTERISTICS
FREQUENCY
(NUMBER)
PERCENTAGE
(%)
Sex of Respondents
Male 344 29.6
Female 810 69.7
Missing/ did not answer 8 0.7
Total (n) 1162 100
7. Employment
• Access to employment is critical for overcoming poverty and reducing
inequality. Individuals without productive employment find it
extremely difficult to provide for their own basic needs and the needs
of their families.
• According the baseline survey, 68.9% of residents in Kakang’utu West
are self-employed full time or part time while only 7.3% work for pay
either part time or full time. This shows that the area has low
economic capacity and is vulnerable to economic shocks.
8. Education
• The level of education determines the capacity of individuals to earn
higher incomes and hence improved standards of living. Education
therefore is a proven means of improving individual’s welfare.
Level of education
No formal education 141 12.0%
Lower primary 70 6.0%
Mid upper primary 142 12.2%
Upper primary 468 40.3%
lower secondary 123 10.6%
Upper secondary 160 13.8%
Technical college 35 3.0%
University 11 0.9%
Missing/ did not answer 12 1.0%
Total (n) 1162 100%
• 12% with no formal education.
• 58% Had primary level of
education
• 24.4% had secondary education.
• 3.9% had attended post-
secondary professional courses
• This could be a strong indication of
low literacy levels among the
sampled households.
9. Housing
• Housing conditions serve as indicator for the extent in which populations live in
humane conditions. Materials used in the construction of the roof, the walls and the
floor indicate the level by which the occupants can be protected from environmental
and elemental hazards. They therefore determine the health, safety and well-being
of the occupants.
Type of shelter walls
Characteristic Frequency (Number) Percentage %
brick 97 8.35
Cement block/concrete 23 2.0
Corrugated iron/Zinc 7 0.6
Wood 0 0.0
Plastic 1 0.1
Mixture of mud and cement 431 37.1
Wattle and daub ( Mud walled
house)
594 51.1
Missing/ did not answer 9 0.7
Total (n) 1162 100
• Mud walled houses 51%
• Mud and Cement 37%
• Brick/concrete 10.3%
This could be an indication of
low income and high poverty in
this community.
10. Energy Lighting
• The type of lighting energy or fuel closely mirrors the household
socio-economic status. High energy levels and cleaner sources like
electricity and solar are traditionally the reserve of households with
higher levels of incomes.
• Solar powered lights 69.1%
• Kerosene lambs 19%
• Electricity 10.8%
In Kabondo West Ward where Kakang’utu Community Unit
falls, at the time the national survey in 2013, only 1.4% of
resident’s had electricity as the main source of lighting while
79.3% used tin lamps. Only 1.2% had solar powered lighting
systems.
Ngugi, E. (2013). Exploring Kenya's Inequality: Pulling Apart Or Pooling Together:[ Homa Bay
County]. Kenya National Bureau of Statistics.
11. Hunger
• Access to good food and nutrition is essential for the survival and well
being of humans. Despite the central role played by food in human life,
many populations are trapped in a cycle of hunger due to poverty, disasters
and conflicts among others. Hunger and poverty are linked in a vicious
circle that is self-perpetuating.
• child<7_hungry
• Gone to bed hungry?
• 27 % of children, under the age
of 7 years.
• 35% of adults (including the
respondent)
Frequenc
y
Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Yes 314 27.0 27.0 27.0
No 842 72.4 72.5 99.5
Not Answered 6 .5 .5 100.0
Total 1162 99.9 100.0
12. The reports of going to
bed hungry could indicate
the vulnerability and food
security situation in the
area. However It could be
partly explained by the
fact that many areas of
Kakang’utu West are
barren and sandy thus
offer fewer options for
agricultural ventures in
food production
13. Savings and investments
• Savings through micro-finance groups is a sustainable method for financing water
and sanitation projects. The objective of micro-finance groups is to establish and
promote a culture of saving in the community hence ensure economic security
and investments.
• Belonging to a saving group therefore offers a household an opportunity to
access funds that they may invest to improve their water and sanitation situation
Frequency of saving
Weekly 234 74.8%
fortnightly 23 8.3%
Monthly 47 15.0%
Every 3 months 1 0.3%
Every 6 months 1 0.3%
Yearly 2 0.6%
Missing/ did not answer 5 1.6%
Total (n) 313 100%
• 55.5 percent of respondents are
aware of microfinance/ savings group
in the community
• 48.3 percent have reported belonging
to any group that saved money.
• 34.4 percent of individuals have
borrowed money more than Ksh.
5,000 from friends or family in the
past year .
14. Religious Affiliation
Religious institutions often occupy a special place in the heart of many
communities thus act as a force for positive transformations and
change in the society. They help in upholding cultural values, beliefs,
and social traditions.
Religious Affiliation
Frequen
cy
Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulativ
e Percent
Valid
Yes 1147 98.7 98.7 98.7
No 9 .8 .8 99.5
Missing 6 .5 .5 100.0
Total 1162 100.0 100.0
• Total Number of Christian
denominations in the area : 21
• 98.7% belong to a specific religious
faith
• 0.8% are non-believers.
• 92% reported to attending religious
functions at least once a week
The high rates of church attendance imply that
churches are influential part of this community
and that religious leaders play a vital role in the
life of the members.
15. Sanitation Situation
• Sanitation: principles and practices that relate to the collection,
removal or disposal of human feces, household waste and refuse to
mitigate their negative impacts on people and the environment.
• Improved sanitation: a facility that hygienically separates human
excreta from human contact.
• Decent sanitation includes high hygiene awareness, appropriate
behaviors and acceptable sanitation services that are crucial for
human health and well-being.
• Inadequate access to improved sanitation leads to water
contamination and fecal oral contamination that predisposes to
numerous diseases.
19. Privacy
Pit Cover
17% of latrines did not offer privacy, that is they
do not have appropriate walls, door, cloths, or any
other sight protection materials.
Only 15% of Households reported to having latrines
with pit covers to prevent smell and flies
20. Houseflies, Insects and larvaes Disability Friendliness
55% of the latrines were reported to have visible
houseflies, insect larvae or cockroaches
Only 14% of latrines were accessible and usable
by individuals who are physically challenged
22. Open Defecation Practices
31%
69%
Ever Defecated in the bush?
Yes No
In the last one year, have you ever found
yourself in a condition such that you had
to relieve yourself in the bush?
• 31% Reported to having practiced
open defecation at least once in
the last one year.
23. Handwashing Practices
• Handwashing contributes to improved sanitation by interrupting the
transmission of pathogens that may have had contact with the hands
or fingers during latrine visit or other sources like greeting people
with contaminated hands or handling contaminated things.
Type of facility for hand washing
Tippy tap 67 21.8
Water in bucket with tap 14 4.6
Water in bowl/bucket with mug 107 34.9
Water in bowl/bucket without mug 3 1.0
Leaky tin 105 34.2
Running water 10 3.3
Other 1 0.3
Total 307 100
• 44.7% of household with
latrines have also a specific
place for washing hands near
the latrine
• 62.3% Have no designated
place for washing hands
24. Hand washing Types
21.8% of households had tippy taps installed
neaby their latrines .
34.2% of households had leakey tins by the
latrines
25. Handwashing Practices
• Did You find a place to wash
your hands the last time you
visited a latrine?
• If yes, how did you wash your
hands?
89%
11%
Washed Hands
Yes No
25%
75%
How washed hands?
With Water Only
With Water and Soap
26. Households Without Latrines
• Owning a latrine is associated with health benefits, financial returns
and lifestyle improvements. Sanitation interventions reduce diarrheal
diseases, stunting in children and increases human capital and
productivity. Lifestyle benefits include more convenience, less
exposure to unhygienic conditions, increased safety and reduced
embarrassment when guest visit.
• many non-latrine owners engage in less social interactions with
others, live in smaller groups than latrine owners, and are less
influenced by the opinion of the local leaders. Some are socially
vulnerable, less educated or have some mental or physical
impairment and feel less obliged to construct their own latrines or to
rebuild latrines damaged by the elements of weather
27. Non-Latrine Owners per Village
56%
54%
52% 52%
49%
45%
44% 44% 43%
42% 42%
40%
35%
31% 31%
27% 27%
26%
24%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Kajim
bo
C
Kajim
bo
B
Kom
bokA
Otondo
Nyokun
B
Kadero
B
Kadero
A
Opanga
Kom
bokC
Kom
bokB
Kaw
uor
Kabonyo
B
Nyokun
A
Kabonyo
A
W
ade
Kadero
C
Kajim
bo
A
Kabonyo
C
Um
ai
% of Households Without Latrines Per Village
28. Non-Latrine Owners Alternatives
• 456 households (39%) did not
have functional latrines in their
homesteads.
• 295 Households (64.5%) claimed
they share neighbors’ latrine.
• 106 Household (23.3%) reported
regular use of the bush.
• Only 39 (8.6%) reported to use
of cat system where they dig a
shallow pit to bury the feces
65%
23%
9%
1%
You Don’t Have a functional Latrine. So
where do you relieve yourself?
Neighbours Latrine In the Bush
Cat system Other
29. Ever had Latrine
before in this
Homestead?
40%
60%
Ever Had Latrine Before?
Yes No
• 40% of households
without latrine
reported to having
ever build a latrinein
the homestead before
30. Currently Why Don’t You
Have a Latrine? Reason for lack of latrine
Lack of money 180 39.5%
Poor soil conditions 88 19.3%
Bush is around to use 27 5.9%
Many people around –
responsibility should be
everyone’s
18 4.0%
Other 127 17.9%
Missing/ did not answer 16 3.5%
Total (n) 456 100%
• 39.5% lack of money
• 19.3% poor soil conditions
made it very difficult to
have a long-lasting latrine.
• 6%. blamed the ever-
present bushes for
providing a conducive
environment for
defecation.
31. The likelihood of
building a latrine in
the next 6 months
7.2%
10.3% 4.2%
45.5%
32.8%
Likelihood of Building Latrine within 6 months
Unlikely Low likelihood Unsure
High likelihood Definitely
• 77% likelihood
of building a
latrine in the
next 6 months.
32. Has any member of the
household Had Diarrhea
in the Past One Month?
58%
42%
Any Member of the Household had Diarrhea in
the past 1 month
Yes No
42.3% of the surveyed households
reported that at least one or more
of the occupants had diarrhea in
the previous month.
Even though the survey did not
classify the specific causes of the
diarrhea, this indicates a
significantly high prevalence of
diarrheal infections with possible
fecal-oral transmission route.
33. Summary of Findings
• The socio-demographic indicators point that Kakang’utu West Community Unit is
a low-income community. The communities need to be empowered
economically. This is an opportunity to empower the community on savings and
investments to raise the proportion community members in self help groups
• There is a high probability that a relatively high proportion of members of
Kakang’utu West Community Unit will continue practicing open defecation unless
behavior chance interventions are initiated.
• Among all households, only 60% had latrines. Among households with latrines
only 15% have improved sanitation.
• A majority of the respondents without latrines reported having discussed the
possibility of constructing a latrine with their families. Moreover, the same group
reported a high likelihood of building a latrine in the next one year.
• The tremendous increase in households accessing solar power for lighting from
1.2% in 2013 to 69% in 2019 in the same area calls for a closer look at the
strategies that solar lighting marketers employ and see if they could be applied to
scale up improved sanitation products through sanitation marketing.
34. • Poverty and poor food security are a great impediment to latrine construction in the area.
When faced with the choice of either buying food or building a latrine many people will of
course buy food first. In Kakang’utu West, the fact that 35% of the respondents reported
to having gone to bed hungry due to lack of food shows that they would find it a tall order
to build latrines.
• Interestingly, 93% of the respondents reported having exclusive use over a piece of land on
which they can grow crops. A total of 61% reported to have an estimated land size of over
2 acres. This provides ample opportunity to invest in agricultural technologies that can
harness the poor soil conditions to grow fast maturing drought resistant fruits and other
food crops to bolter food security hence alleviate poverty
•
• The findings show that only 48.3% of the respondents belong to a community savings and
lending group. Among then 34.4% have borrowed an amount more than Ksh 5000 at once.
This is worrying because the average cost of building a basic improved latrine ranges from
Ksh 8000 to 80,000 or more depending on the facility desired. This implies that cheaper
improved sanitation technologies need to be availed and the payment duration to be
longer than 6 months.
• The high rates of church attendance imply that churches are influential part of this
community and that religious leaders play a vital role in the life of the members. The
church could therefore play a vital role in passing messages about improved sanitation.
35. • In Kakang’utu West Community Unit, about 39 percent of the respondents reported that their
household does not have a latrine, while 60 percent did. Among the households that have latrines,
Pit latrine with direct drop pit with squatting slab was the most common at 87.2 percent. It was
followed by VIP latrine at 10.9%.
• From the findings, approximately, 17 percent of latrines did not offer privacy, that is they do not
have appropriate walls, door, cloths, or any other sight protection materials. The findings imply that
even though 60 percent of the respondents have latrines, the features of these latrines do not
provide adequate safety and privacy hence reducing their consistency in use. This coupled with the
fact that there are many bushes in the area that may ensure the much-desired privacy hence
encouraging open defecation even in households with “Latrines”.
• Among households that had latrines, only 307 ( 44.7%) reported to have a specific place for washing
hands near the latrine within the homestead. A whooping 62.3% had no designated place for
washing hands hands after visiting the latrine.
• The fact that 40% of current households without latrines claim that they had once build latrines
which collapsed imply that non-behavioral contextual factors might have influenced the adoption of
the latrines. It is also interesting to note that non-latrine owners have a high intention to build a
latrine and have discussed installing one in the last one month. It is therefore very crucial to convert
this high intention into latrine adoption and sustain the latrine use through behavior change
communication.
• About 42.3% of the surveyed households reported that at least one or more of the occupants had
diarrhea in the previous month. Even though the survey did not classify the specific causes of the
diarrhea, this indicates a significantly high prevalence of diarrheal infections with possible fecal-oral
transmission route
36. Recommendations
• Empower the community members on savings and investments and encourage
them to join self help groups or start small and medium size enterprises.
• Encourage latrines owners to improve their latrines and non latrine owners to
plan to acquire one within the project period
• Encourage the community to acquire and use portable/recyclable concrete slabs
in constructing their latrines
• Plan and implement hygiene promotion program concurrently with the
improvement and construction of new latrines to promote frequent hand
washing with soap
• In order to alleviate financial constraints, provide microcredit for sanitation
investments and establish sanitation marketing approaches. Sanitation marketing
approaches reduce the cost of the investment by improving access to supply or
by improving toilet design, and hence, reducing the amount of materials needed.
37. Conclusion
• There are many gaps on hygiene and sanitation Kakangutu West
Community Unit . The proposed projects provides a good
opportunity to initiate and implement sanitation marketing to bridge
these gaps and improves the health and welfare of this community