Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607 in Virginia. The colonists struggled greatly in their early years - within months, disease and infections killed half the colony. During the "starving time" winter of 1609-1610, colonists ran out of food and water, and by the fall only 400 remained of the original 700 settlers, with many dying of starvation. Archaeological excavations have provided valuable insights into the early challenges faced by the Jamestown colonists.