The early settlers at Jamestown struggled greatly, with many dying due to famine, disease, conflicts with native tribes, and lack of proper leadership. Over half of the original colonists perished during the first year due to starvation and illness, as they failed to grow their own food and drinking contaminated water. While the fort provided some protection, the colonists faced constant threats including attacks, famines, and outbreaks of disease. It was not until strong new leadership was established that the colony began to survive.