Jainism.pptx
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Jainism was founded by Vardhamana Mahavira, the 24th tirthankara, who lived around 2500 years ago. He was a Kshatriya prince who, at age 30, renounced his home and possessions to live an ascetic life in the forest. After 12 years of hardship, he attained enlightenment and taught others. His core teachings were non-violence and that men and women must leave home and follow strict rules of ahimsa to understand the truth. Followers, called Jainas, had to live very simply by begging, being honest, and observing celibacy. Over hundreds of years, Jainism spread across North India and parts of Gujarat
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1. Words used in the Rigveda to describe people based on their work (priests, warriors), community/tribe (jana, vish), or language/culture (Aryas vs. Dasyus).
2. Megalithic burial sites from 3000 years ago across India involving large stones marking graves. Burials contained pottery, tools, weapons and ornaments indicating social status.
3. Skeletal studies can identify sex based on bone structure like wider pelvises in women, though ancient Indian physician Charaka estimated 360 bones in the human body versus
Discontent Among Indians.pptx
Farmers in India were forced by British East India Company officers to grow certain crops and sell them at unfairly low prices, negatively impacting farmers' livelihoods. British mill cloth also started being sold in India, hurting local traders, handloom industries, and workers. Along with unjust laws allowing British control over more kingdoms, these actions led many Indians including farmers, workers, traders, and rulers to feel angry and dissatisfied with British rule, resulting in revolts and uprisings against them.
landforms-200716152526 (1).pptx
The document describes the major landforms of Earth, including mountains, valleys, plains, plateaus, islands, lakes, oceans, coasts, deserts, and rivers. It explains that landforms are created by both internal processes like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and plate tectonics, and external processes like erosion and deposition from forces like water, wind, and ice. Mountains, plateaus, plains, valleys, islands, lakes, oceans, coasts, deserts, and rivers are defined and examples of each are provided.
childrens-day-1226928792807945-9.pptx
The document discusses Children's Day, which is celebrated in India on November 14th each year to honor Jawaharlal Nehru's birthday. Nehru was the first Prime Minister of independent India and had a strong passion for children and their development. He often compared children to flowers and was known to pin roses on his coat after children gave them to him. Children's Day pays tribute to children around the world and is meant to celebrate childhood while remembering Nehru's dedication to children and India's future.
Biodiverse.pptx
This document discusses a student council project on biodiversity. It defines biodiversity as the variety of living things, including plants, animals and microorganisms. There are three types of biodiversity: genetic diversity within a species, species diversity in a given area, and ecosystem diversity. Biodiversity is important for ensuring health, food security, and fighting diseases. It also protects ecosystems by recycling nutrients, regulating pests and disease, and pollinating crops. Main threats to biodiversity include changes in land and water use, overexploitation, climate change, pollution, and invasive species. The document promotes conservation efforts like establishing protected areas, limiting hunting and population growth, using renewable energy, and imparting environmental education.
3. Imperialism in India
The British controlled India for over 200 years through the British East India Company, exploiting differences in language and religion among Indian people to maintain power. While the British built infrastructure like railroads and schools to strengthen their political and economic dominance, their rule also led to a Sepoy Mutiny in 1857 when Indian soldiers revolted upon learning the British disrespected their religious beliefs, after which the British government took full control of India until after World War II.
roleoftheun-140108102812-phpapp01.pptx
The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to promote international cooperation and prevent future wars. It has six main organs: the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice, and Secretariat. The Security Council works to maintain peace and security, while other agencies focus on human rights, development, and other issues. When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, the Security Council passed resolutions demanding Iraq's immediate withdrawal.
kabir.pptx
Kabir Das was a 15th century Indian mystic poet and saint from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. He was born into a Muslim family but was strongly influenced by the Hindu bhakti leader Ramananda. Kabir taught that the true God exists within those who follow the path of righteousness, and his teachings influenced both Hinduism's Bhakti movement and Sikhism. Kabir composed spiritual poems in local dialects that are still influential today. His legacy lives on through the Kabir Panth religious community which sees him as its founder.
Harappa.ppt
The Harappan civilization flourished from 2300-1750 BCE along the Indus River valley. Major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro had populations of over 35,000 people and featured gridded streets, drainage systems, and residential buildings constructed around courtyards. Artifacts reveal an advanced urban society that engaged in local agriculture and long-distance trade, as evidenced by standardized bricks, seals depicting animals and gods, and handcrafted pottery and sculptures.
Rural1).pdf
Rural administration involves taking care of villagers' needs like electricity, water, and roads, as well as maintaining land records and resolving conflicts. Police stations have fixed jurisdictions over areas, where people can register complaints about issues like theft, injury, or accidents. Rural land records are maintained by patwaris, who help measure land, collect revenue, and provide information to the government about crops grown.
PANCHAYATI RAJ.pptx
The document summarizes the structure and function of gram sabhas and panchayats in Indian villages. It explains that a gram sabha is a meeting of all adults living in an area covered by a panchayat, which can include one or multiple villages. The gram sabha discusses issues like water shortages facing the village. One solution presented is watershed development, where trees are planted and check dams and tanks are constructed to manage water flow across an area. A panchayat is divided into wards, with each ward electing a panch to represent them. Together the panchs and the sarpanch, who is elected as panchayat president, form the gram panchayat governing
Our yoga routine
This document appears to be a collection of student assignments on the topic of yoga. It includes students' names, classes, schedule details for yoga practice, and short paragraphs describing the benefits of yoga. Key points mentioned are that yoga helps keep the body healthy and fit, it is an ancient practice, and it involves activities like meditation that reduce stress and promote relaxation.
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Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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- 1. Jainism •VARDHAMANA MAHAVIRA- The last and 24th tirthankara of the Jainas, also spread his message around this time ie 2500 years ago. •He was a kshatriya prince •Of the LICHCHHAVIS ( a •Group that was the part of •Vajji Sangha. •At the age of thirt he left •Home, went to live in forest. •For twelve years he led a hard lonely life, at the end of which he attained enlightenment.
- 2. Teachings of Vardhamana Mahavira • He taught a simple doctrine • Men and women who wished to know the truth must leave their homes. • They must follow very strictly the rules of ahimsa. • Ordinary people can understand the teachings of Mahavira used prakrit language. • There are several forms of prakrit in different parts and named after their regions Eg;- Magadhi
- 3. Life of followers of Jainism • Digambar and shwetambar • Followers of Mahavira known as Jainas,had to live very simple Life. • Begging for food, absolutely honest, and not to steal. • They had to observe celibacy. • Men had to give up everything including their clothes. • It was very difficult for men and women to follow these strict rules.
- 4. • Thousands left their homes to learn and teach this new way of life and became monks and nun. • Many others remained behind them and supported them by giving food and shelter. • Mainly supported by traders, for farmers it was difficult to follow the rules. • Over hundreds of years Jainism spreads to different parts of north india and also to Gujarat, TN, and Karnatka. • Earlier it was transmitted orally but later on it was written down and are presenty available at a place called Vallabhi in Gujarat about 1500 years ago.
- 5. The Sangha • Both the Mahavira and the Buddha felt that only those who left their homes could gain true knowledge. • They arranged for them to stay together in the sangha an association those who left their homes. • VINAYA PITAKA
- 6. • Separate branches for men and women. All men could join the sangha • Children-------parents • Slaves-------masters • Workers-------king • Debtors-------Creditors. • Women---------Husbands • They meditated for most of the time, went to cities and villages to beg for food during fixed hours. • Bhikkhus and bhikkhunis…They taught others and helped one another. • They also held meetings to settle quarrels. • Brahmins, kshatriyas,merchants,labourers,barbers, courtesans and slaves. • Many of them also composed poems and describe their life in the sangha.
- 8. The system of ashramas (The stage of life)
Editor's Notes
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