1) The study examined the physiological impacts on sea turtles accidentally captured by recreational fishermen in North Carolina and Virginia. Blood samples from captured turtles showed elevated lactic acid levels, indicating fatigue, but not at unrecoverable levels.
2) Many turtles also had hooks lodged in their bodies, requiring surgical removal and rehabilitation. With proper handling, captured turtles have a good chance of survival.
3) The researchers aim to expand outreach and education efforts to inform fishermen on proper turtle handling and reporting procedures to improve survival rates upon release and fill data gaps on recreational fishery interactions.
Increasing demand for fish has increased the pressure on marine life. Pollution in the water bodies has intensified and threat to aquatic biota has become worse.
The seafood industry’s affect on the world’s oceansruletheskies07
The document summarizes issues facing the seafood industry, including overfishing, illegal fishing, bycatch, and environmental impacts of some fishing and aquaculture practices. It notes that overfishing has reduced fish populations to just 10% of original levels and 75% of fisheries are overexploited. Improper aquaculture can also damage habitats and pollute waters. Sustainable solutions proposed include improved management of fisheries through catch limits, protected areas, and more selective fishing gear to reduce bycatch and habitat damage.
Shark baiting operations pose serious risks by conditioning sharks to associate humans with food, increasing the chances of shark attacks. These operations argue they promote conservation but in reality endanger both sharks and humans. Feeding sharks disrupts their natural behavior and can decimate local populations. Experts recommend cage diving as the safest way to observe sharks and argue non-cage diving with large predatory shark species risks serious injury or death.
Cleaning up the global aquarium trade - CSMonitor : CCEMIndonesiaFraud - Redditcoenraadclement
About 30 million fish and other creatures are caught annually to supply the home aquarium market, taking a toll on some reef ecosystems. But conservationists are working to improve the industry by ending destructive practices and encouraging aquaculture.
Parrotfish and the recovery resilience of coral reefs: A case study from BonaireAIDA_Americas
This document discusses a case study of coral reefs in Bonaire and the role of parrotfish in maintaining the health and resilience of the reefs. It finds that Bonaire has much higher abundances of parrotfish compared to other areas in the Eastern Caribbean due to a ban on spearfishing implemented in the 1970s. This has helped control seaweed growth and facilitated high coral cover, juvenile coral abundance, and an overall resilient reef ecosystem compared to other locations, making Bonaire a success story for local fisheries management.
The document provides information about two upcoming training courses offered by the Freshwater Biological Association (FBA):
1. A two-day course on identifying chironomid larvae from July 15-16 taught by Steve Brooks. The course will provide training on chironomid biology, morphology, taxonomy, and identifying British and European species.
2. A two-day course on July 17-18 about the Chironomid Pupal Exuvial Technique taught by Les Ruse. The course will train participants to sample, identify, and analyze chironomid pupal exuviae to assess water quality.
Both courses aim to teach freshwater biodiversity identification and monitoring techniques. Registration details
Environmental impact of fishing and carbon footprinting due to fishingJEEVAN GOWDA
The document discusses the environmental impacts of fishing, including overfishing, bycatch, and effects on marine habitats. It provides details on how different fishing techniques can damage habitats and remove large amounts of seabed life. Bycatch is a major issue, with nets capturing mammals, sea turtles, sharks, and seabirds. The carbon footprint of fishing is also examined, with global fisheries estimated to emit 134 million tons of CO2 annually. The document concludes by stating that individuals and corporations can help mitigate climate change by reducing their carbon footprints through actions like purchasing carbon offsets.
2014-2015
Overview :
Many fisheries are non-selective fishing gear catching animals that they did not intend to. This non-taget extra catch is known as ‘bycatch’.
Of these bycatch species, some have a commercial value and are brought back to land by fishers to be sold. However, a large proportion is unwanted and so is discarded-thrown back over the side of the boat.
The mean of bycatch & discards
environmental & social Impacts
Some strategies & solutions
Some bycatch reduction devises in shrimp trawls :
TEDs
JTEDs
RES
Square mesh codends
Fisheyes
Square mesh window
Relation between effort & bycatch
Effects of cod-end mesh size on the catch discarded
Increasing demand for fish has increased the pressure on marine life. Pollution in the water bodies has intensified and threat to aquatic biota has become worse.
The seafood industry’s affect on the world’s oceansruletheskies07
The document summarizes issues facing the seafood industry, including overfishing, illegal fishing, bycatch, and environmental impacts of some fishing and aquaculture practices. It notes that overfishing has reduced fish populations to just 10% of original levels and 75% of fisheries are overexploited. Improper aquaculture can also damage habitats and pollute waters. Sustainable solutions proposed include improved management of fisheries through catch limits, protected areas, and more selective fishing gear to reduce bycatch and habitat damage.
Shark baiting operations pose serious risks by conditioning sharks to associate humans with food, increasing the chances of shark attacks. These operations argue they promote conservation but in reality endanger both sharks and humans. Feeding sharks disrupts their natural behavior and can decimate local populations. Experts recommend cage diving as the safest way to observe sharks and argue non-cage diving with large predatory shark species risks serious injury or death.
Cleaning up the global aquarium trade - CSMonitor : CCEMIndonesiaFraud - Redditcoenraadclement
About 30 million fish and other creatures are caught annually to supply the home aquarium market, taking a toll on some reef ecosystems. But conservationists are working to improve the industry by ending destructive practices and encouraging aquaculture.
Parrotfish and the recovery resilience of coral reefs: A case study from BonaireAIDA_Americas
This document discusses a case study of coral reefs in Bonaire and the role of parrotfish in maintaining the health and resilience of the reefs. It finds that Bonaire has much higher abundances of parrotfish compared to other areas in the Eastern Caribbean due to a ban on spearfishing implemented in the 1970s. This has helped control seaweed growth and facilitated high coral cover, juvenile coral abundance, and an overall resilient reef ecosystem compared to other locations, making Bonaire a success story for local fisheries management.
The document provides information about two upcoming training courses offered by the Freshwater Biological Association (FBA):
1. A two-day course on identifying chironomid larvae from July 15-16 taught by Steve Brooks. The course will provide training on chironomid biology, morphology, taxonomy, and identifying British and European species.
2. A two-day course on July 17-18 about the Chironomid Pupal Exuvial Technique taught by Les Ruse. The course will train participants to sample, identify, and analyze chironomid pupal exuviae to assess water quality.
Both courses aim to teach freshwater biodiversity identification and monitoring techniques. Registration details
Environmental impact of fishing and carbon footprinting due to fishingJEEVAN GOWDA
The document discusses the environmental impacts of fishing, including overfishing, bycatch, and effects on marine habitats. It provides details on how different fishing techniques can damage habitats and remove large amounts of seabed life. Bycatch is a major issue, with nets capturing mammals, sea turtles, sharks, and seabirds. The carbon footprint of fishing is also examined, with global fisheries estimated to emit 134 million tons of CO2 annually. The document concludes by stating that individuals and corporations can help mitigate climate change by reducing their carbon footprints through actions like purchasing carbon offsets.
2014-2015
Overview :
Many fisheries are non-selective fishing gear catching animals that they did not intend to. This non-taget extra catch is known as ‘bycatch’.
Of these bycatch species, some have a commercial value and are brought back to land by fishers to be sold. However, a large proportion is unwanted and so is discarded-thrown back over the side of the boat.
The mean of bycatch & discards
environmental & social Impacts
Some strategies & solutions
Some bycatch reduction devises in shrimp trawls :
TEDs
JTEDs
RES
Square mesh codends
Fisheyes
Square mesh window
Relation between effort & bycatch
Effects of cod-end mesh size on the catch discarded
This document summarizes a meeting to discuss protecting wild brook trout populations in Rhode Island. It outlines the decline of brook trout populations due to threats like degraded habitat and introduced species. It proposes establishing an experimental management area in the upper Wood River watershed to protect brook trout by restricting fishing methods and ending stocking of non-native trout. Public opinion surveys and existing trout conservation models in other states support this approach. Protecting brook trout could also provide economic benefits from increased tourism. Action is needed to prevent brook trout from becoming further endangered in Rhode Island.
Possible Alternative Uses Of Underutilized Fish And Marine Genetic Resources ...apaari
Possible Alternative Uses Of Underutilized Fish And Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) by Chamari Dissanayake (PhD), University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) a...apaari
Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) and their Amelioration, Country Status Report: Sri Lanka by Dr Varuni Gunathilake, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Webinar "Herbivorous Fish to improve Coral Reef Health: Scientific and region...AIDA_Americas
Introductory presentation of the webinar "Herbivorous Fish to improve Coral Reef Health: Scientific and regional regulatory measure", held on 25 June 2020.
The document summarizes the negative impacts of overfishing, including the destruction of 40 tons of coral in the Pacific Ocean, 300,000 porpoise and dolphin deaths annually, 100 million sharks caught per year, and over 80% of shark species disappearing from the Atlantic Ocean. Technological advances have allowed humans to catch more fish than ever before, driving fish stocks down. Unless changes are made, all currently fished species are predicted to collapse by 2048. Possible solutions mentioned include marine stewardship councils, individual fishing quotas, marine reserves, and both short term and long term controls on fishing.
presentation was provided by Prof W.U Chandrasekara
Department of Zoology and Environmental Management
For Coastal and Marine resource management course
Ocean overfishing is simply the taking of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for fished species to replace themselves. The earliest overfishing occurred in the early 1800s when humans, seeking blubber for lamp oil, decimated the whale population. Some fish that we eat, including Atlantic cod and herring and California's sardines, were also harvested to the brink of extinction by the mid-1900s.
Overfishing poses major threats to ocean ecosystems through overcapacity, unsustainable fishing practices, and pollution from fishing vessels. Unsustainable fishing uses destructive nets and methods that catch too much fish and other sea life, endangering populations and distorting food chains. It also damages physical environments and habitats. If left unchecked, overfishing will waste large investments in the fishing industry and put livelihoods and businesses at risk. Solutions include setting safe catch limits based on science rather than politics, controlling bycatch, protecting important habitats, and strict monitoring and enforcement to ensure compliance.
The document discusses the issue of overfishing and its negative impacts. It defines overfishing as catching fish faster than populations can replenish. While the world's oceans could theoretically support four planets' worth of fish, many species have become reduced or extinct due to overfishing. The document also examines fishing down the food chain, bycatch, bottom trawling, and how both overfishing and government subsidies of the fishing industry can harm marine ecosystems.
Long-term trends in Caribbean parrotfish abundance at local, regional and bas...AIDA_Americas
Presentation of Brice Semmens (PhD), Director, California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI)/ Associate Professor, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, at the webinar "Herbivorous Fish to improve Coral Reef Health: Scientific and regional regulatory measure", held on June 25th, 2020.
This document discusses sustainability issues related to seafood sourcing for the food service industry. It outlines problems with global fisheries such as overfishing and pollution. 90% of fisheries are fully fished or overfished. Aquaculture also has environmental impacts from feed, waste, escapes, and disease. The document provides recommendations for food service professionals to choose sustainable seafood options by working with reputable suppliers, focusing on sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, emphasizing non-carnivorous and smaller fish species, and increasing plant-based options. Resources like Seafood Watch can help identify robust seafood recommendations.
Deskstudy2005 Bycatch in Indonesian fisheriesLida Pet
This document provides an overview of bycatch in Indonesian fisheries. It discusses that bycatch is a global issue for fisheries, estimating that 18-40 million tons of unintended catch are discarded annually worldwide. For Indonesian fisheries specifically, the document notes that trawl fishing in the Arafura Sea has an average 80% bycatch rate, including sea turtles and dugongs, though most is discarded. It also discusses bycatch issues for other Indonesian fishing gears like longlines, gillnets, and seines. The document concludes by outlining some efforts in Indonesia to mitigate bycatch, such as gear modifications, closed areas/seasons, and capacity building programs for safe turtle release.
The document summarizes restoration projects undertaken in response to the 2007 Cosco Busan oil spill in San Francisco Bay. An estimated 6,849 birds of 65 species were killed by the spill. Partners led projects to enhance prey availability for wintering surf scoters, one of the most impacted species. Studies estimated mortality for each species and the number of injuries to inform scaling restoration actions to benefit injured populations.
1) Overfishing poses a serious threat to the global economy as many nations rely heavily on commercial fishing for food and income. Without limits on catch amounts, fish populations are declining rapidly which will be disastrous financially.
2) It also endangers ocean ecosystems as removing too many fish upsets the natural balance, causing other species' populations to crash from lack of food.
3) Additionally, the vast numbers of fish killed by overfishing raises ethical concerns about the inhumane treatment of ocean life.
Updating the status of parrotfishes in the CaribbeanAIDA_Americas
Presentation of Patricia Richards Kramer (PhD), Director of Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA), at the webinar "Herbivorous Fish to improve Coral Reef Health: Scientific and regional regulatory measure", held on June 25th, 2020.
This study examined patterns of extirpation of ten grouper species in five marine areas in the Philippines based on interviews with 1,245 fishers and underwater surveys from 1950-2014. Fishers reported substantial declines in catch per unit effort (CPUE) for all ten species, ranging from 14.5-66.7% for normal days and 17.7-63.1% for good days. Underwater surveys found four of the ten species with very low sightings. Historical data also showed declines in grouper populations and catches since the 1980s. The results provide evidence that overfishing and habitat degradation have likely made grouper species vulnerable to depletion and possible local extinction if not properly managed.
The document discusses the depletion of fish biodiversity along the Indian coast due to overexploitation and environmental changes. It notes that over 70% of the world's fish species are fully exploited or depleted due to poor fisheries management, destructive fishing practices, and excessive bycatch. A study in Kerala found that two popular fish species, Lactarius lactarius and Pampus argenteus, have been depleted. Conservation measures like enforcing bycatch reduction technologies and regulating total fishing efforts are needed to protect marine biodiversity.
A presentation that discusses the ecological, ethical and health costs of consuming shark fin soup. While this presentation was designed for high school students in British Columbia, Canada, it can be modified to suit other age groups and other regions. However, there are some graphic images that may not be suitable for younger audiences.
The document analyzes the impacts of drift gillnet fishing off the California coast. It finds that the fishery produces high rates of bycatch, catching over 17,000 marine animals from 2005-2015 while only keeping around 11,000. Though the size of the fishery and rates of bycatch have decreased in recent years, 30% bycatch is still considered high. Data from National Observer Program reports show the fishery catches many species of concern, including endangered whales, sea turtles, sharks and dolphins. While regulations have aimed to reduce impacts, conflicts remain due to the fishery's threats to biodiversity and protected species.
This document provides information on Pastel Accounting software packages, pricing, features, add-on modules, and training. It outlines the Sage Pastel Xpress Start-Up, Xpress, and Xpress Flex packages for small businesses, as well as the Sage Pastel Partner Advantage package for small to medium businesses. Details are given on the modules that can be added to Xpress and Partner packages, such as Bank Manager, Point of Sale, and Business Intelligence Centre. The document also lists accounting training courses and support fee structures.
This document summarizes a meeting to discuss protecting wild brook trout populations in Rhode Island. It outlines the decline of brook trout populations due to threats like degraded habitat and introduced species. It proposes establishing an experimental management area in the upper Wood River watershed to protect brook trout by restricting fishing methods and ending stocking of non-native trout. Public opinion surveys and existing trout conservation models in other states support this approach. Protecting brook trout could also provide economic benefits from increased tourism. Action is needed to prevent brook trout from becoming further endangered in Rhode Island.
Possible Alternative Uses Of Underutilized Fish And Marine Genetic Resources ...apaari
Possible Alternative Uses Of Underutilized Fish And Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) by Chamari Dissanayake (PhD), University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) a...apaari
Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) and their Amelioration, Country Status Report: Sri Lanka by Dr Varuni Gunathilake, Presented during the Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources and their Amelioration, 10-12 July 2019, Location: Colombo, Sri Lanka
Webinar "Herbivorous Fish to improve Coral Reef Health: Scientific and region...AIDA_Americas
Introductory presentation of the webinar "Herbivorous Fish to improve Coral Reef Health: Scientific and regional regulatory measure", held on 25 June 2020.
The document summarizes the negative impacts of overfishing, including the destruction of 40 tons of coral in the Pacific Ocean, 300,000 porpoise and dolphin deaths annually, 100 million sharks caught per year, and over 80% of shark species disappearing from the Atlantic Ocean. Technological advances have allowed humans to catch more fish than ever before, driving fish stocks down. Unless changes are made, all currently fished species are predicted to collapse by 2048. Possible solutions mentioned include marine stewardship councils, individual fishing quotas, marine reserves, and both short term and long term controls on fishing.
presentation was provided by Prof W.U Chandrasekara
Department of Zoology and Environmental Management
For Coastal and Marine resource management course
Ocean overfishing is simply the taking of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for fished species to replace themselves. The earliest overfishing occurred in the early 1800s when humans, seeking blubber for lamp oil, decimated the whale population. Some fish that we eat, including Atlantic cod and herring and California's sardines, were also harvested to the brink of extinction by the mid-1900s.
Overfishing poses major threats to ocean ecosystems through overcapacity, unsustainable fishing practices, and pollution from fishing vessels. Unsustainable fishing uses destructive nets and methods that catch too much fish and other sea life, endangering populations and distorting food chains. It also damages physical environments and habitats. If left unchecked, overfishing will waste large investments in the fishing industry and put livelihoods and businesses at risk. Solutions include setting safe catch limits based on science rather than politics, controlling bycatch, protecting important habitats, and strict monitoring and enforcement to ensure compliance.
The document discusses the issue of overfishing and its negative impacts. It defines overfishing as catching fish faster than populations can replenish. While the world's oceans could theoretically support four planets' worth of fish, many species have become reduced or extinct due to overfishing. The document also examines fishing down the food chain, bycatch, bottom trawling, and how both overfishing and government subsidies of the fishing industry can harm marine ecosystems.
Long-term trends in Caribbean parrotfish abundance at local, regional and bas...AIDA_Americas
Presentation of Brice Semmens (PhD), Director, California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI)/ Associate Professor, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, at the webinar "Herbivorous Fish to improve Coral Reef Health: Scientific and regional regulatory measure", held on June 25th, 2020.
This document discusses sustainability issues related to seafood sourcing for the food service industry. It outlines problems with global fisheries such as overfishing and pollution. 90% of fisheries are fully fished or overfished. Aquaculture also has environmental impacts from feed, waste, escapes, and disease. The document provides recommendations for food service professionals to choose sustainable seafood options by working with reputable suppliers, focusing on sustainable fisheries and aquaculture, emphasizing non-carnivorous and smaller fish species, and increasing plant-based options. Resources like Seafood Watch can help identify robust seafood recommendations.
Deskstudy2005 Bycatch in Indonesian fisheriesLida Pet
This document provides an overview of bycatch in Indonesian fisheries. It discusses that bycatch is a global issue for fisheries, estimating that 18-40 million tons of unintended catch are discarded annually worldwide. For Indonesian fisheries specifically, the document notes that trawl fishing in the Arafura Sea has an average 80% bycatch rate, including sea turtles and dugongs, though most is discarded. It also discusses bycatch issues for other Indonesian fishing gears like longlines, gillnets, and seines. The document concludes by outlining some efforts in Indonesia to mitigate bycatch, such as gear modifications, closed areas/seasons, and capacity building programs for safe turtle release.
The document summarizes restoration projects undertaken in response to the 2007 Cosco Busan oil spill in San Francisco Bay. An estimated 6,849 birds of 65 species were killed by the spill. Partners led projects to enhance prey availability for wintering surf scoters, one of the most impacted species. Studies estimated mortality for each species and the number of injuries to inform scaling restoration actions to benefit injured populations.
1) Overfishing poses a serious threat to the global economy as many nations rely heavily on commercial fishing for food and income. Without limits on catch amounts, fish populations are declining rapidly which will be disastrous financially.
2) It also endangers ocean ecosystems as removing too many fish upsets the natural balance, causing other species' populations to crash from lack of food.
3) Additionally, the vast numbers of fish killed by overfishing raises ethical concerns about the inhumane treatment of ocean life.
Updating the status of parrotfishes in the CaribbeanAIDA_Americas
Presentation of Patricia Richards Kramer (PhD), Director of Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA), at the webinar "Herbivorous Fish to improve Coral Reef Health: Scientific and regional regulatory measure", held on June 25th, 2020.
This study examined patterns of extirpation of ten grouper species in five marine areas in the Philippines based on interviews with 1,245 fishers and underwater surveys from 1950-2014. Fishers reported substantial declines in catch per unit effort (CPUE) for all ten species, ranging from 14.5-66.7% for normal days and 17.7-63.1% for good days. Underwater surveys found four of the ten species with very low sightings. Historical data also showed declines in grouper populations and catches since the 1980s. The results provide evidence that overfishing and habitat degradation have likely made grouper species vulnerable to depletion and possible local extinction if not properly managed.
The document discusses the depletion of fish biodiversity along the Indian coast due to overexploitation and environmental changes. It notes that over 70% of the world's fish species are fully exploited or depleted due to poor fisheries management, destructive fishing practices, and excessive bycatch. A study in Kerala found that two popular fish species, Lactarius lactarius and Pampus argenteus, have been depleted. Conservation measures like enforcing bycatch reduction technologies and regulating total fishing efforts are needed to protect marine biodiversity.
A presentation that discusses the ecological, ethical and health costs of consuming shark fin soup. While this presentation was designed for high school students in British Columbia, Canada, it can be modified to suit other age groups and other regions. However, there are some graphic images that may not be suitable for younger audiences.
The document analyzes the impacts of drift gillnet fishing off the California coast. It finds that the fishery produces high rates of bycatch, catching over 17,000 marine animals from 2005-2015 while only keeping around 11,000. Though the size of the fishery and rates of bycatch have decreased in recent years, 30% bycatch is still considered high. Data from National Observer Program reports show the fishery catches many species of concern, including endangered whales, sea turtles, sharks and dolphins. While regulations have aimed to reduce impacts, conflicts remain due to the fishery's threats to biodiversity and protected species.
This document provides information on Pastel Accounting software packages, pricing, features, add-on modules, and training. It outlines the Sage Pastel Xpress Start-Up, Xpress, and Xpress Flex packages for small businesses, as well as the Sage Pastel Partner Advantage package for small to medium businesses. Details are given on the modules that can be added to Xpress and Partner packages, such as Bank Manager, Point of Sale, and Business Intelligence Centre. The document also lists accounting training courses and support fee structures.
This document provides an overview of the Sage Evolution ERP software solution. It describes Sage Evolution as a fully integrated business management application that brings together financials, CRM, inventory, and other operations. The document outlines key features of the core Sage Evolution system including accounting, sales, purchasing, inventory, and reporting. It also lists numerous add-on modules that can expand the functionality of the system for specific industries or business needs. Customer testimonials praise how Sage Evolution has improved operations and efficiency.
Shortcut Keys in Tally ERP 9
Tally ERP 9 provides a selection of keyboard Tally Shortcuts to access menu functionalities to increase data entry speed. You are able to either click the button in the button bar or press the appropriate function key or character underlined/double-underlined. Some links have a double-underlined means you must press CTRL + the character key. For example, in the voucher entry screen, to change the voucher type Credit Note, press CTRL + F8. (note double line under F8 Key)
Children's Library Discovery Center conducted a survey of local kids asking about their computer experience. The survey asked if they had computers at home, if they had used Microsoft Word before, and what they knew about its uses. It also asked about computer mice, noting that the first mouse was made of wood and created by Douglas Englebart in the 1960s. The summary described the Microsoft Word interface, including the ribbon across the top used to start new documents and change text formatting options like font, style, size, color and more. It concluded with noting the exit option to close the program.
Microsoft Excel 2007 is a widely used spreadsheet program that is part of the Microsoft Office suite, with capabilities for performing calculations, organizing data, creating charts and graphics, and automating tasks through macros. Excel allows users to enter and manipulate data in worksheets and perform calculations with formulas, analyze information with built-in functions and tools, and visualize data through a variety of chart types. Key features and functions of Excel 2007 include entering and editing data, working with formulas and functions, formatting worksheets, inserting objects and illustrations, printing and preparing files, reviewing and sharing workbooks, and customizing the Excel environment.
Formulas in Excel begin with an equal sign and include cell references and operators. Functions are predefined formulas that perform calculations using specific cell values called arguments. Both formulas and functions can be copied and will adjust cell references depending on whether they use relative, absolute, or mixed references. Functions simplify formulas by using cell ranges and built-in calculations like SUM, AVERAGE, and TODAY.
The document is a tutorial for using Microsoft Excel. It provides step-by-step instructions on how to navigate the Excel interface and use basic functions. The tutorial covers topics such as navigating the Excel screen, entering formulas and data, formatting worksheets, creating charts, and using keyboard shortcuts. It also includes explanations and instructions for common Excel tasks like opening and saving files, editing data, printing worksheets, and more.
This document provides an introduction and overview of key features in Microsoft Word 2007:
1) It describes how to launch Word and explains the main components of the Word window, including the title bar, ribbon, ruler, text area, and scroll bars.
2) It discusses how to perform common formatting tasks like adding bullets and numbers to lists, bolding and italicizing text, and using the undo and redo buttons.
3) It covers how to change page settings such as orientation, size, and margins. It also explains how to add page numbers in different locations.
4) The document provides instructions for inserting page breaks and changing the document view to print layout. It concludes by mentioning how to preview
This document provides an introduction to accounting software and Tally. It discusses the advantages of computerized accounting like speed, accuracy and availability of information. It describes Tally as accounting software that maintains accounts and performs additional operations to help manage organizations. The document outlines different versions of Tally and its features such as accounting without codes, cost/profit centers, and printing documents. It also explains how Tally is organized including creating companies, groups, ledgers, voucher entries and displaying reports like profit and loss accounts and balance sheets.
Microsoft Word can be used to create various documents like essays, school papers, resumes, and more. It offers different formatting tools to change text styles, colors, and add tables, pictures, or clip art. Common uses of MS Word include writing papers for school, making calendars, birthday cards, and even books by utilizing its various formatting and insertion tools.
The document summarizes upcoming courses being offered by the Freshwater Biological Association (FBA), including a two-day course on identifying chironomid midge pupae to assess water quality. It also provides brief summaries of recent research articles covering topics like female sticklebacks preparing offspring for climate change, lawsuits to protect endangered freshwater fish species, and the potential of swamps to store large amounts of carbon. The bulletin aims to keep readers informed of current freshwater issues and research involving the FBA.
Fisheries harvest Antarctic Krill in the Southern Ocean where the krill both breed and live. The krill can become six centimeters long and weigh up to two grams. They have large black eyes and translucent pink shells.
This document summarizes the latest news from the Freshwater Biological Association (FBA). It discusses that the FBA welcomed a volunteer placement student and is offering a full-time placement opportunity on their Pearl Mussel Ark Project. It also mentions that the FBA and partners helped restore a stretch of the River Esk as part of a mussel restoration project. Finally, it provides summaries of various freshwater-related scientific articles and studies.
The Shark Spotters program is a non-government organization that was formally adopted in 2004 by the City of Cape Town to help minimize the risk of shark attacks at beaches. They employ spotters who use binoculars and radios to monitor beaches for sharks from vantage points. When a shark is sighted, they raise flags and sound sirens to clear people from the water. The program is aimed at balancing human use of beaches with conservation of sharks, as opposed to past lethal control methods. It is the only program of its type worldwide and has helped increase understanding of sharks.
The document summarizes recent news articles related to freshwater biology and conservation from around the world. It discusses the following:
1) A study finding that freshwater creatures were less affected by the asteroid impact that killed the dinosaurs than other habitats, as many freshwater species are adapted to periods of low oxygen.
2) Efforts in the UK to install bristly boards and eel passes on rivers to help endangered eel populations recover in lakes like Windermere.
3) Research demonstrating that ecosystems can change long before species are actually lost, using studies of dragonflies and diving beetles.
Sea turtles face many threats including habitat destruction, entanglement in fishing gear, pollution, and the 2010 Gulf oil spill. The spill particularly harmed Kemp's ridley turtles, weakening eggs and poisoning hatchlings and adults. Conservation groups like NASA and WWF helped by moving turtle nests from oiled beaches and raising awareness. The full impact may not be known for years as turtles take decades to mature. Donations to WWF support protecting critical habitats and reducing threats like bycatch.
The document summarizes information on 10 marine mammal species listed as threatened or endangered on the IUCN Red List. It provides details on population estimates, historical and current threats such as hunting, ship strikes, fishing gear entanglement, and climate change for each species. The species included are: narwhal, beluga, sperm whale, West Indian manatee, hooded seal, fin whale, blue whale, sei whale, North Atlantic right whale.
Krill are small crustaceans, like shrimp. The Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, live in large schools in the cold, pristine waters of Antarctica. The Southern Ocean is home to thousands of different marine life species, all dependent on each other in a vulnerable ecosystem.
1) Sharks and rays can experience injuries from various parts of the fishing process including hook damage, gaffing, maiming, pressure changes, air exposure, and temperature shock. Proper handling techniques aim to minimize these injuries and increase survival rates.
2) Shark anatomy like their mouth, gills, stomach, and heart are vulnerable to different injuries. Improper handling like swallowing hooks, gaffing, and changes in pressure can damage these organs.
3) Crew safety is important when handling sharks and rays, as they can bite, sting, or knock over crew members. Protective gear and avoiding vulnerable areas like jaws and tails is recommended.
Top 9 endangered marine mammals in the AtlanticFreeRadicalsBU
The document discusses several marine mammal species that are threatened or endangered, including the narwhal, beluga whale, sperm whale, West Indian manatee, hooded seal, fin whale, blue whale, and sei whale. For each species, it provides information on population estimates, historical and current threats such as hunting or environmental impacts, and conservation status under CITES and other agreements.
Day-tripping across the Gulf - 25,000 farmed Sea Trout on the move and copepo...International Aquafeed
On Monday 24th February 2015, Tom Blacker of IAF visited two special scientific research sites for aquaculture. He followed the journey of 25,000 trout from the University of Southern Mississippi’s (USM) Gulf Coast Research Laboratory – The Thad Cochran Marine Aquaculture Centre’s RAS system near Gulfport and Biloxi - to the Lyman Fish Hatchery. He reports below on copepods, trout and more from Mississippi, USA
This document provides information about upcoming events and projects from the Freshwater Biological Association (FBA). It summarizes:
1) A mobile exhibition called the Clear Waters Oral History Project will tour venues in Cumbria and Lancashire from May 2014 to May 2015 to showcase an oral history project funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund.
2) Upcoming training courses from the FBA on identifying aquatic beetles from June 2-3 and caddis flies from June 4-5 to help participants improve their identification skills.
3) This month's issue of the journal Inland Waters is now published with articles available online to subscribers and members of the International Society of Limnology.
Master Healer Dr. Pankaj Naram and California Coastal Commission’s Ban on Orc...Dr. Pankaj Naram
October’s ban of orca breeding at SeaWorld San Diego and Master Healer Dr. Pankaj Naram.
Read more http://drnaram.co/master-healer-dr-pankaj-naram-and-california-coastal-commissions-ban-on-orca-breeding-for-seaworld/
This document discusses various types of plankton and their roles in marine ecosystems. It describes phytoplankton like diatoms and dinoflagellates, which are primary producers, as well as zooplankton like copepods that feed on phytoplankton. It also discusses how some marine species like sea turtles, shrimp, and crabs spend part of their life as plankton. Overfishing and bycatch are negatively impacting fish stocks and endangered species like sea turtles, sharks, and tuna.
1. 20 coastwatch | summer 2016 | www.ncseagrant.org
B y D i a n a H a c k e n b u r g
IT RUNS IN THE BLOOD
How sea turtles respond to interactions with fishermen
Huffing and puffing, you pause
for air during a hard workout. Yet, you
continue on, knowing the discomfort will
end soon. Amanda Southwood Williard
observes a similar fatigue following
prolonged exertion, not in the gym but
rather on the piers — in the blood of sea
turtles.
When hooked or tangled in fishing
gear, sea turtles struggle to free them-
selves and make it to the surface to
breathe. In the absence of
oxygen, lactate,
a form of lactic acid, builds up in their
muscles, a similar process in humans
that we equate with “feeling the burn.”
Lactic acid breaks down during
periods of rest, but the ocean doesn’t
have a sauna or couch for reptile
relaxation. As Williard, an animal
physiologist at the University of North
Carolina Wilmington, hypothesizes,
these skirmishes make sea turtles
more susceptible to boat strikes and
predators while they recuperate.
“How do you feel after exercising
really hard? Your ability to exercise
more is compromised and the same
might be true for turtles,”
Williard explains.
“They have these
stressful experiences and need a period
of rest to recover, placing them in
difficult situations.”
Increased vulnerability represented
just one of the threats to sea turtles
that Williard and her team observed
at fishing piers in North Carolina and
Virginia. Their North Carolina Sea
Grant-funded study laid the groundwork
for assessing how recreational hook-
and-line fisheries may affect sea
turtles, and created an interstate
collaboration interested in ensuring
captured turtles return to the
ocean in tip-top shape.
RIDING THE WAVES
Since the age
of dinosaurs,
turtles have been
swimming across
the oceans,
expertly
adapted to
the marine
Sea turtles accidentally captured by
recreational hook-and-line fishermen face
multiple threats, including injuries from hooks
and gear, and deeper physiological changes,
that can hamper their survival upon release.
2. coastwatch | summer 2016 | www.ncseagrant.org 21
C o n t i n u e d
environment. Sea turtles breathe air
just like other reptiles, but can remain
submerged for hours. They spend
the majority of their time — Williard
estimates 75 to 90 percent depending
on the species — under water.
These excellent swimmers migrate
between feeding and nesting areas,
traveling hundreds — or even thousands
— of miles regularly throughout their
lives. Because of their watery ways,
people know remarkably little about
their behavior.
What we did know about these
ancient wanderers contributed to a
sharp population decline worldwide:
Many cultures prized sea turtles for
their meat, eggs, oil and shells. On
top of overharvesting, humans
created many other fatal threats,
including marine pollution,
destruction of
CourtesyVirginiaAquarium&MarineScienceCenter
3. 22 coastwatch | summer 2016 | www.ncseagrant.org
nesting and feeding habitat, boat
collisions and interactions with fishing
gear — recreational and commercial
alike.
Of the seven sea turtle species
worldwide, six are found in U.S. waters,
with five species visiting the shores
of North Carolina. The green, Kemp’s
ridley and loggerhead are most
common here, while the leatherback
and hawksbill occur infrequently. The
federal Endangered Species Act,
or ESA, lists all sea turtles found in
U.S. waters as either threatened or
endangered. Under protection of
the ESA, it is illegal to intentionally or
unintentionally “take” — kill, harm or
even capture — any sea turtle without a
permit.
For commercial and recreational
fishermen up and down the coast,
this is a hot-button issue as sea turtles
frequently migrate through popular
fishing areas. When accidentally caught
in nets or on lines, the turtles cannot
make it to the surface to breathe. Those
that do not drown may later succumb
to injuries caused by lodged hooks or
entanglement in gear. Physiological
changes — what Williard observes
through her blood chemistry research —
also may result in short- and long-term
consequences for the turtles.
Matthew Godfrey, a sea turtle
biologist with the North Carolina Wildlife
Resources Commission, or WRC, notes
that for the past few years reported
strandings have increased to more than
750 a year on average in North Carolina.
“This includes all turtles, from alive and
injured, to dead and decomposing,” he
stipulates, adding that an unusual cold
snap in early 2016 led to over 2,000
strandings of hypothermic sea turtles.
Despite the close attention paid
to reducing bycatch by commercial
fisheries, there is no mandated reporting
or monitoring of sea turtle interactions
for recreational hook-and-line fishermen.
Lacking consistent reporting and regular
monitoring, management agencies and
wildlife professionals like Godfrey do not
have a good handle on the frequency
of — or damage caused
by — recreational fishing
encounters in North
Carolina.
“Sea Grant strives to fill
data gaps and this project
is a wonderful example
of that,” notes John Fear,
deputy director of Sea
Grant. “Beyond advancing
our understanding of sea
turtle-human interactions,
Williard’s work also
links together different
stakeholders interested in
this issue.”
HOOK, LINE AND SINKER
Originally from Lexing-
ton, Kentucky, Williard grew
up around lots of horses
but certainly not sea turtles.
“My mom was hoping I
would be an equine veteri-
narian,” she quips.
In college, sea turtles
combined her two favorite
things: herpetology and
animal physiology. Her
research since has revolved around
how sea turtles function, specifically
“their diving physiology and behavior,
and how they adjust to changes in their
environment,” she adds.
Williard became very familiar with
Sea Grant after Martin Posey, now
director of the Center for Marine Science
at UNCW, suggested she apply for funds
upon joining the university. She received
support from the N.C. Fishery Resource
Grant Program before applying for
a minigrant to evaluate the blood
biochemistry of sea turtles incidentally
captured in recreational hook-and-line
fishing.
TOP: Veterinary staff at the Virginia Aquarium & Marine
Science Center remove a hook from a sea turtle. BOTTOM:
A drop net brings a captured turtle on to the pier to
remove the hook before the animal is returned to the water.
CourtesyN.C.WildlifeResourcesCommissionCourtesyVirginiaAquarium&MarineScienceCenter
4. coastwatch | summer 2016 | www.ncseagrant.org 23
C o n t i n u e d
posted informational signs, resulting in
the later recovery of two Kemp’s ridley
sea turtles for inclusion in the study.
The relatively diminutive Kemp’s
ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys kempii,
lives primarily along the Atlantic coast
from Mexico to Canada, preferring
shallow waters where it can feed on
crabs and other shellfish. They also have
the unfortunate distinction of being the
world’s most endangered sea turtle
— and in some areas the species most
commonly captured by recreational
hook-and-line anglers.
With just two data points collected
from 75 hours of monitoring at the pier,
Williard reached out to new partners to
continue the study. She already had a
connection to the Virginia Aquarium &
Marine Science Center, known as VAQS,
in Virginia Beach. Her doctoral student
Susan Barco coordinates its stranding
response program.
Accurate testing requires obtaining
blood samples as quickly as possible
following a stranding report. “They could
get there in 30 minutes,” Williard notes.
Because juveniles move northward up
the coast, Williard also knew the turtles
most likely pass through North Carolina
waters on their way to Virginia, putting
individuals at risk of being captured in
both states.
Also timely, VAQS had developed
a new strategy for getting pier owners
and fishermen more involved. “In the
summer of 2014, we started getting
regular reports of hooked turtles, but
we were not very effective at recovering
them,” Barco recalls. In response, they
designed the Pier Partner Program,
which Barco now oversees as research
coordinator for the Aquarium’s
Research and Conservation Division, to
provide targeted resources, including
a workshop, outreach materials and
response kits at six piers in Virginia.
Between the two states, the
research partners assessed 17 pier-
captured and four rehabilitated Kemp’s
ridley turtles between 2014 and 2015.
The rehabilitated turtles, patients at the
TOP: Injured turtles may require sedation, surgery and
rehabilitation before they can be safely released. BOTTOM:
A radiograph reveals a deeply lodged hook.
CourtesyVirginiaAquarium&MarineScienceCenterCourtesyKarenBeasleySeaTurtleRescueandRehabilitationCenter
Ciera Ames, a biology and marine
biology major at UNCW, aided Williard
with the latter study as part of her
undergraduate honors project. Ames
always had a love for amphibians and
reptiles but felt a special connection to
this work and to hooked sea turtles. On
a family vacation to the North Carolina
shore, she remembers, “I saw someone
catch a turtle on the
beach.”
Williard trained
Ames to collect data
for the study by
taking her to the N.C.
Aquarium at Pine Knoll
Shores. They practiced
handling the turtles
and taking blood,
which Ames proudly
recalls getting on her
first try. Throughout
the summer of 2014,
Ames, along with
community volunteers,
regularly monitored the
pier at the Fort Fisher
Air Force Recreation
Area, which straddles
the Atlantic Ocean and
Cape Fear River, for
stranded turtles.
In spite of not
having consistent
data for recreational
interactions, “we know
the Cape Fear has a
lot of turtles in it from other research,”
Godfrey shares. “The manager for the
pier also works closely with the Pleasure
Island Sea Turtle Project, and therefore,
they are likely to call in hooked turtles.”
Though the observers witnessed
no turtle captures on the pier, they did
make valuable connections with the
fishermen and the community, and
5. 24 coastwatch | summer 2016 | www.ncseagrant.org
Karen Beasley Sea Turtle Rescue and
Rehabilitation Center on Topsail Island,
served as a healthy comparison to the
captured turtles.
These juvenile turtles measured 23
to 48 centimeters, approximately the
span from an adult’s elbow to his or her
outstretched fingertips. According to
Williard, most of these “cute and feisty”
turtles were responsive and “ready for
action” during the blood sampling and
physical examination.
Results from the blood analysis
found that captured turtles did
experience a buildup of lactate along
with other signs of metabolic disruption,
but not at unrecoverable levels. “The
amount of lactic acid observed we
believe they could recover from. It would
just place them in difficult situations,”
Williard surmises.
Many of the turtles also had
taken the bait: Hooks had become
lodged in their esophagus or were
swallowed, often requiring sedation,
surgical removal and rehabilitation.
Hastily pulling out the hook can cause
problems, Williard warns, but “if handled
properly, with all equipment carefully
removed, the turtles have a good chance
of surviving.”
“All fishing gear can accidentally
harm protected species such as sea
turtles,“ says Sara Mirabilio, North
Carolina Sea Grant fisheries extension
specialist. “Every day, I work with
fishermen to develop or modify fishing
gear and practices to minimize this
bycatch and its impact. This project
starts the process of working with
interested groups to provide information
on local sea turtle species and what to
do when a turtle is hooked from a pier.”
THE FEEDBACK LOOP
The results already have received
attention from the academic community
and government agencies. Ames
presented her project results at
the Southeast Regional Sea Turtle
Symposium in 2015, winning the
runner-up award in the student poster
competition.
The competition allowed
Ames to practice for her
defense and helped her think
about the big picture of her
research. Meeting sea turtle
“rock stars,” as she describes
the influential researchers at
the meeting, “made me realize
the importance of what I was
doing.”
Ames guesses that
recreational fishermen don’t
report interactions because
“they are so scared they are
going to get in trouble or have their
license revoked. Making people more
aware could really help.”
Since graduation, Ames has
considered different options for playing
a part in the world of biology and would
consider working again with sea turtles.
She views Hawaii as an ideal location,
knowing that Williard also worked there.
“I’ve always looked up to what she’s
done.”
Williard agrees with the need for
long-term outreach and education. “The
best way forward is to have as much
information as possible given to pier
owners and fishermen so they can bring
TOP: Volunteers release a
rehabilitated Kemp’s ridley sea
turtle. BOTTOM: Veterinarian
Emily Christiansen helps Ciera
Ames, then a UNCW student,
practice drawing blood from a
sea turtle.
CourtesyCieraAmesCourtesyKarenBeasleySeaTurtleRescueandRehabilitationCenter
6. coastwatch | summer 2016 | www.ncseagrant.org 25
Report a Turtle Stranding or Capture
If you spot a sea turtle on the beach or a pier, first check to see if it
has been painted — already-reported turtles are sprayed a bright color.
You can report new strandings by calling the N.C. Wildlife Resources
Commission, or WRC, at 252-241-7367. Note the date, time, specific
location, size and condition of the turtle, and provide your name and
contact information. Do not touch or move the turtle unless instructed
otherwise by an official from the WRC.
the sea turtle safely up to shore. They
need to know where and to whom to
report, and how to make sure a turtle is
safe to release.”
She recommends surveys as a way
to proactively collect more information
about interactions and the potential
correlations with specific locations
or types of gear. Organizations in
Virginia, Mississippi and Florida have
implemented similar surveys as part of
larger pier outreach programs, Williard
notes.
Future research and outreach
efforts will require more resources,
which can be a challenge but also an
opportunity for more involvement
by students. “There is interest from
students. I am seeking additional
funding to support a master’s student
for this research, and to have people
out on the piers during high-interaction
times,” Williard clarifies.
VAQS also expressed an interest
in continuing the partnership. “The
exam and data collection for the stress
project are very similar to our normal
intake procedures for rehab patients so
it was really very little extra work,” Barco
points out. “It has certainly added to the
data we are collecting on this problem.”
Williard also reported that state
and federal agencies have expressed
an interest in pier outreach initiatives.
Last spring, the N.C. Division of Marine
Fisheries placed signs at several piers to
educate fishermen about what to do in
the case of a captured sea turtle. “We
are hoping that having these signs up
will increase the reporting of interac-
tions when they occur,” Williard says.
Currently, the N.C. Sea Turtle Proj-
ect, run by the WRC, responds to all
reported cases of injured or sick turtles.
“We rely on a huge network of people
and groups to respond,” explains God-
frey, who helps to manage the program.
Trained volunteers and profession-
als check on stranded turtles reported
via a statewide hotline. They help the
injured ones, and bury the dead, collect-
ing baseline data from each individual
to send to the National Marine Fisheries
Service for inclusion in a national data-
base.
“This is our early-warning system,”
Godfrey reckons. “It tells us more about
certain threats and is helpful for figuring
out ways to better manage sea turtles in
the state.”
Godfrey sees this study as a good
starting point for collecting the basic
information needed to understand
the problem and tweak the response.
“The work Amanda is doing is hugely
important. Having her work is going to
inform how we go forward to deal with
these issues,” he adds.
As any good trainer knows, it’s not
whether you get knocked down, it’s
whether you get back up. Williard wants
to give sea turtles a fighting chance.
Ames, right, graduated with honors in
biology for her research with Amanda
Southwood Williard, left.
CourtesyCieraAmes
The researchers created signs to post at the Fort Fisher pier.