Presentation of Patricia Richards Kramer (PhD), Director of Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA), at the webinar "Herbivorous Fish to improve Coral Reef Health: Scientific and regional regulatory measure", held on June 25th, 2020.
Este documento describe las clasificaciones y características de los organismos que viven en agua dulce. Describe el necton, neuston, seston, plancton, fitoplancton y fitobentos. El fitoplancton incluye microalgas y cianobacterias que viven suspendidas en el agua y se dividen en categorías según su tamaño. El fitobentos incluye organismos que viven asociados a sustratos en el fondo acuático.
O documento resume as principais características da classe de invertebrados conhecida como Chelicerata. Apresenta as três classes que a compõem - Xiphosura, Pycnogonida e Arachnida - e fornece detalhes sobre a morfologia, hábitos e taxonomia dos principais representantes da classe Arachnida.
El documento habla sobre la contaminación por plaguicidas. Explica que los plaguicidas son compuestos químicos usados para matar o controlar plagas dañinas. Se clasifican según su actividad biológica e incluyen insecticidas, fungicidas y herbicidas. También se clasifican por su naturaleza química como organoclorados, organofosforados y carbamatos. Los plaguicidas pueden contaminar el agua y causar efectos ecológicos y de salud negativos. México es uno de
O documento descreve as principais características dos filos de cordados. Apresenta os filos Urochordata, Cephalochordata e Craniata, que inclui os subfilos Agnata, Condritos, Osteictes e Tetrápodes. Dentro dos Tetrápodes são descritos os filos Anfíbios, Répteis, Aves e Mamíferos.
Este documento presenta información sobre hongos de importancia agrícola. Explica que existen aproximadamente 250,000 especies de hongos identificadas, de las cuales 8,000 son patógenas de plantas. Describe las características y ciclo de vida de los principales grupos de hongos como oomicetos, ascomicetos y basidiomicetos. También cubre temas como la clasificación, morfología, reproducción y enfermedades causadas por estos hongos.
Este documento describe la microbiología del suelo y el aire. Explica que el suelo contiene una gran variedad de microorganismos como bacterias, hongos, algas y protozoos que desempeñan funciones importantes como la descomposición de la materia orgánica y la disponibilidad de nutrientes para las plantas. También describe los factores que afectan las poblaciones microbianas del suelo y los mecanismos de protección de los microbios ante condiciones desfavorables como la formación de endosporas y agregados. Finalmente, señ
Este documento describe las características de los corales marinos y los arrecifes de coral. Los corales son animales marinos que viven en simbiosis con algas y producen un esqueleto de carbonato de calcio. Forman grandes colonias que crean los arrecifes de coral, los cuales son ecosistemas complejos que albergan gran biodiversidad y proveen varios servicios ecosistémicos, aunque se enfrentan a amenazas como la contaminación, el cambio climático y actividades humanas.
O documento fornece informações sobre répteis, incluindo suas características gerais, ordens principais e sistemas orgânicos. Répteis são tetrápodes ectotérmicos que conquistaram a terra firme e desenvolveram adaptações como pele impermeável e pulmões. As principais ordens incluem tartarugas, crocodilianos, lagartos, cobras e tuatara.
Este documento describe las clasificaciones y características de los organismos que viven en agua dulce. Describe el necton, neuston, seston, plancton, fitoplancton y fitobentos. El fitoplancton incluye microalgas y cianobacterias que viven suspendidas en el agua y se dividen en categorías según su tamaño. El fitobentos incluye organismos que viven asociados a sustratos en el fondo acuático.
O documento resume as principais características da classe de invertebrados conhecida como Chelicerata. Apresenta as três classes que a compõem - Xiphosura, Pycnogonida e Arachnida - e fornece detalhes sobre a morfologia, hábitos e taxonomia dos principais representantes da classe Arachnida.
El documento habla sobre la contaminación por plaguicidas. Explica que los plaguicidas son compuestos químicos usados para matar o controlar plagas dañinas. Se clasifican según su actividad biológica e incluyen insecticidas, fungicidas y herbicidas. También se clasifican por su naturaleza química como organoclorados, organofosforados y carbamatos. Los plaguicidas pueden contaminar el agua y causar efectos ecológicos y de salud negativos. México es uno de
O documento descreve as principais características dos filos de cordados. Apresenta os filos Urochordata, Cephalochordata e Craniata, que inclui os subfilos Agnata, Condritos, Osteictes e Tetrápodes. Dentro dos Tetrápodes são descritos os filos Anfíbios, Répteis, Aves e Mamíferos.
Este documento presenta información sobre hongos de importancia agrícola. Explica que existen aproximadamente 250,000 especies de hongos identificadas, de las cuales 8,000 son patógenas de plantas. Describe las características y ciclo de vida de los principales grupos de hongos como oomicetos, ascomicetos y basidiomicetos. También cubre temas como la clasificación, morfología, reproducción y enfermedades causadas por estos hongos.
Este documento describe la microbiología del suelo y el aire. Explica que el suelo contiene una gran variedad de microorganismos como bacterias, hongos, algas y protozoos que desempeñan funciones importantes como la descomposición de la materia orgánica y la disponibilidad de nutrientes para las plantas. También describe los factores que afectan las poblaciones microbianas del suelo y los mecanismos de protección de los microbios ante condiciones desfavorables como la formación de endosporas y agregados. Finalmente, señ
Este documento describe las características de los corales marinos y los arrecifes de coral. Los corales son animales marinos que viven en simbiosis con algas y producen un esqueleto de carbonato de calcio. Forman grandes colonias que crean los arrecifes de coral, los cuales son ecosistemas complejos que albergan gran biodiversidad y proveen varios servicios ecosistémicos, aunque se enfrentan a amenazas como la contaminación, el cambio climático y actividades humanas.
O documento fornece informações sobre répteis, incluindo suas características gerais, ordens principais e sistemas orgânicos. Répteis são tetrápodes ectotérmicos que conquistaram a terra firme e desenvolveram adaptações como pele impermeável e pulmões. As principais ordens incluem tartarugas, crocodilianos, lagartos, cobras e tuatara.
The document discusses the depletion of fish biodiversity along the Indian coast due to overexploitation and environmental changes. It notes that over 70% of the world's fish species are fully exploited or depleted due to poor fisheries management, destructive fishing practices, and excessive bycatch. A study in Kerala found that two popular fish species, Lactarius lactarius and Pampus argenteus, have been depleted. Conservation measures like enforcing bycatch reduction technologies and regulating total fishing efforts are needed to protect marine biodiversity.
The document discusses the issue of bycatch in India's demersal trawl fisheries. It defines bycatch as unintended catch of non-target species and notes that it can have negative ecological impacts by depleting populations. The highest bycatch occurs from trawl fisheries and includes sea turtles, sharks, seabirds, and other species. Potential solutions discussed include using more selective fishing gear, implementing closed areas, and adopting fisheries management strategies to reduce bycatch and encourage sustainability. The conclusion emphasizes the need for more research on bycatch in tropical waters and adopting precautionary policies to reduce environmental impacts.
2014-2015
Overview :
Many fisheries are non-selective fishing gear catching animals that they did not intend to. This non-taget extra catch is known as ‘bycatch’.
Of these bycatch species, some have a commercial value and are brought back to land by fishers to be sold. However, a large proportion is unwanted and so is discarded-thrown back over the side of the boat.
The mean of bycatch & discards
environmental & social Impacts
Some strategies & solutions
Some bycatch reduction devises in shrimp trawls :
TEDs
JTEDs
RES
Square mesh codends
Fisheyes
Square mesh window
Relation between effort & bycatch
Effects of cod-end mesh size on the catch discarded
Apo Reef Natural Park is a protected marine area located off the coast of Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. It consists of three islands covering a total area of 27,469 hectares, including a 15,763 hectare marine area. The park supports diverse ecosystems like mangroves, beaches, and coral reefs which are home to over 385 fish species and threatened species like sea turtles and dolphins. Visitor numbers and revenues have been increasing in recent years, demonstrating the park's potential for ecotourism through activities such as scuba diving, snorkeling, and bird watching.
Regional Workshop on Underutilized Fish and Marine Genetic Resources (FMGR) a...apaari
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Brood stock management and larval rearing of mud crab scylla serrata-Gayatri ...Gayatri R. Kachh
This document provides information about the mud crab Scylla serrata, including its natural range, classification, life stages, and aquaculture practices. Key points include:
- S. serrata is an economically important crab species found in mangroves and estuaries in Africa, Australia, and Asia.
- Its life stages include juvenile, subadult, and adult crabs that inhabit different zones, as well as larvae and megalopae.
- Aquaculture of S. serrata involves maintaining broodstock for breeding and larval rearing, then culturing megalopae through to market size in ponds. Proper water quality, feeding, and health management are
The seafood industry’s affect on the world’s oceansruletheskies07
The document summarizes issues facing the seafood industry, including overfishing, illegal fishing, bycatch, and environmental impacts of some fishing and aquaculture practices. It notes that overfishing has reduced fish populations to just 10% of original levels and 75% of fisheries are overexploited. Improper aquaculture can also damage habitats and pollute waters. Sustainable solutions proposed include improved management of fisheries through catch limits, protected areas, and more selective fishing gear to reduce bycatch and habitat damage.
Ocean overfishing is simply the taking of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for fished species to replace themselves. The earliest overfishing occurred in the early 1800s when humans, seeking blubber for lamp oil, decimated the whale population. Some fish that we eat, including Atlantic cod and herring and California's sardines, were also harvested to the brink of extinction by the mid-1900s.
This research article describes efforts to balance fisheries management goals of conserving overfished species while allowing fishing of abundant stocks. Large-scale fishery closures implemented in the late 1990s successfully reduced overfishing on the U.S. West Coast, but also constrained fishing and reduced data collection. The study developed and tested video survey and experimental fishing techniques to determine if abundant groundfish species could be caught in rocky habitats with minimal bycatch of rebuilding species still under restrictions. Comparing video surveys to fishing catches indicated modified fishing gear could target abundant stocks while limiting impacts on protected species, improving data collection as populations recover.
- Sea levels are projected to rise 16 cm by 2050 and 32 cm by 2100 along the Indian coast, impacting coastal communities.
- MSSRF is addressing climate change impacts through mangrove restoration, biosaline agriculture growing salinity-tolerant crops, livelihood diversification, disaster risk reduction, and assessing greenhouse gas fluxes.
- Over 2,500 hectares of degraded mangroves have been restored through joint mangrove management, protecting lives and livelihoods from disasters like the 2004 tsunami.
The document provides information about the mud crab (Scylla serrata), including its classification, distribution, ecology, and methods for farming and hatchery management. It notes that mud crabs are found naturally in the Indo-Pacific region and are an economically important species. Mud crab farming can be done using grow-out systems, where young crabs are raised for 5-6 months until market size, or fattening systems, where soft-shelled crabs are raised for a shorter period. Hatchery management involves broodstock selection and care, spawning and larval rearing techniques, and achieving survival rates as high as 18.1% compared to the world average of 3-3.5
Sea cows in the Sahel : research and conservation on the African Manatee in t...Sahara Conservation Fund
Presented during the 17h Annual Sahelo-Saharan Interest Group Meeting organized by the NGO Sahara Conservation Fund in Senegal, from 4 to 6 May 2017. The Sahara Conservation Fund (SCF) gathers every year about a hundred people who are interested in the field of Sahelo-Saharan species conservation.
Krill are small crustaceans, like shrimp. The Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, live in large schools in the cold, pristine waters of Antarctica. The Southern Ocean is home to thousands of different marine life species, all dependent on each other in a vulnerable ecosystem.
Fisheries harvest Antarctic Krill in the Southern Ocean where the krill both breed and live. The krill can become six centimeters long and weigh up to two grams. They have large black eyes and translucent pink shells.
Increasing demand for fish has increased the pressure on marine life. Pollution in the water bodies has intensified and threat to aquatic biota has become worse.
Introduction for NOAA lesson by Susan Kaiser, TAS 2012: One Fish, Two Fish skaiser4800
This Power Point introduces the work of marine scientists working for FWC and NOAA as they study fish migration patterns and population off the Florida Keys near the Dry Tortugas. The original presentation was written by Danielle Morley and edited by Susan Kaiser Teacher at Sea, 2012 for use with the lesson she developed called One Fish, Two Fish. All of the resources are available at the NOAA TAS website.
Dr Simon Ingram, University of Plymouth - Protecting marine mammals in coasta...IES / IAQM
This document discusses protecting coastal marine mammals from various threats. It outlines that coastal marine mammals face risks from both land-based and marine-based human activities. Several species are found in coastal waters, including grey seals, common seals, harbour porpoises, and bottlenose dolphins. These species face cumulative impacts from factors like fisheries depletion, noise pollution, and contaminants. Static marine protected areas alone may not adequately protect highly mobile species like bottlenose dolphins that experience seasonal shifts in habitat use. The document advocates for more flexible, threat-based ecosystem management approaches.
This presentation was given at the International Seaweed Symposium in Kobe, Japan in 2007. It was presented in a session on IMTA. It illustrates how South Africa has advanced in seaweed cultivation.
Collaborative monitoring and reporting help protect parrotfish and improve re...AIDA_Americas
Presentation of Melanie McField (PhD), Founder and Director of the Healthy Reefs for Healthy People Initiative (HRI), at the webinar "Herbivorous Fish to improve Coral Reef Health: Scientific and regional regulatory measure", held on June 25th, 2020.
Los compromisos climáticos del Grupo BIDAIDA_Americas
Presentación de Javier Dávalos, coordinador del Programa de Clima de la Asociación Interamericana para la Defensa del Ambiente (AIDA), en el seminario web "El rol del Grupo BID en la transición energética justa en América Latina y el Caribe", realizado el 28 de febrero de 2024.
Este documento resume el caso judicial "Mecheros" en Ecuador, en el que un grupo de ciudadanos demandó al gobierno ecuatoriano para detener la quema de gas natural de forma rutinaria cerca de sus comunidades. Aunque la corte falló a favor de los demandantes y ordenó la eliminación gradual de los mecheros, el gobierno no ha cumplido con la orden, poniendo en riesgo la salud de las comunidades y violando los compromisos climáticos del Ecuador. El documento argumenta que la sentencia judicial no ha logrado garantizar la prote
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The document discusses the depletion of fish biodiversity along the Indian coast due to overexploitation and environmental changes. It notes that over 70% of the world's fish species are fully exploited or depleted due to poor fisheries management, destructive fishing practices, and excessive bycatch. A study in Kerala found that two popular fish species, Lactarius lactarius and Pampus argenteus, have been depleted. Conservation measures like enforcing bycatch reduction technologies and regulating total fishing efforts are needed to protect marine biodiversity.
The document discusses the issue of bycatch in India's demersal trawl fisheries. It defines bycatch as unintended catch of non-target species and notes that it can have negative ecological impacts by depleting populations. The highest bycatch occurs from trawl fisheries and includes sea turtles, sharks, seabirds, and other species. Potential solutions discussed include using more selective fishing gear, implementing closed areas, and adopting fisheries management strategies to reduce bycatch and encourage sustainability. The conclusion emphasizes the need for more research on bycatch in tropical waters and adopting precautionary policies to reduce environmental impacts.
2014-2015
Overview :
Many fisheries are non-selective fishing gear catching animals that they did not intend to. This non-taget extra catch is known as ‘bycatch’.
Of these bycatch species, some have a commercial value and are brought back to land by fishers to be sold. However, a large proportion is unwanted and so is discarded-thrown back over the side of the boat.
The mean of bycatch & discards
environmental & social Impacts
Some strategies & solutions
Some bycatch reduction devises in shrimp trawls :
TEDs
JTEDs
RES
Square mesh codends
Fisheyes
Square mesh window
Relation between effort & bycatch
Effects of cod-end mesh size on the catch discarded
Apo Reef Natural Park is a protected marine area located off the coast of Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. It consists of three islands covering a total area of 27,469 hectares, including a 15,763 hectare marine area. The park supports diverse ecosystems like mangroves, beaches, and coral reefs which are home to over 385 fish species and threatened species like sea turtles and dolphins. Visitor numbers and revenues have been increasing in recent years, demonstrating the park's potential for ecotourism through activities such as scuba diving, snorkeling, and bird watching.
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Brood stock management and larval rearing of mud crab scylla serrata-Gayatri ...Gayatri R. Kachh
This document provides information about the mud crab Scylla serrata, including its natural range, classification, life stages, and aquaculture practices. Key points include:
- S. serrata is an economically important crab species found in mangroves and estuaries in Africa, Australia, and Asia.
- Its life stages include juvenile, subadult, and adult crabs that inhabit different zones, as well as larvae and megalopae.
- Aquaculture of S. serrata involves maintaining broodstock for breeding and larval rearing, then culturing megalopae through to market size in ponds. Proper water quality, feeding, and health management are
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The document summarizes issues facing the seafood industry, including overfishing, illegal fishing, bycatch, and environmental impacts of some fishing and aquaculture practices. It notes that overfishing has reduced fish populations to just 10% of original levels and 75% of fisheries are overexploited. Improper aquaculture can also damage habitats and pollute waters. Sustainable solutions proposed include improved management of fisheries through catch limits, protected areas, and more selective fishing gear to reduce bycatch and habitat damage.
Ocean overfishing is simply the taking of wildlife from the sea at rates too high for fished species to replace themselves. The earliest overfishing occurred in the early 1800s when humans, seeking blubber for lamp oil, decimated the whale population. Some fish that we eat, including Atlantic cod and herring and California's sardines, were also harvested to the brink of extinction by the mid-1900s.
This research article describes efforts to balance fisheries management goals of conserving overfished species while allowing fishing of abundant stocks. Large-scale fishery closures implemented in the late 1990s successfully reduced overfishing on the U.S. West Coast, but also constrained fishing and reduced data collection. The study developed and tested video survey and experimental fishing techniques to determine if abundant groundfish species could be caught in rocky habitats with minimal bycatch of rebuilding species still under restrictions. Comparing video surveys to fishing catches indicated modified fishing gear could target abundant stocks while limiting impacts on protected species, improving data collection as populations recover.
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- MSSRF is addressing climate change impacts through mangrove restoration, biosaline agriculture growing salinity-tolerant crops, livelihood diversification, disaster risk reduction, and assessing greenhouse gas fluxes.
- Over 2,500 hectares of degraded mangroves have been restored through joint mangrove management, protecting lives and livelihoods from disasters like the 2004 tsunami.
The document provides information about the mud crab (Scylla serrata), including its classification, distribution, ecology, and methods for farming and hatchery management. It notes that mud crabs are found naturally in the Indo-Pacific region and are an economically important species. Mud crab farming can be done using grow-out systems, where young crabs are raised for 5-6 months until market size, or fattening systems, where soft-shelled crabs are raised for a shorter period. Hatchery management involves broodstock selection and care, spawning and larval rearing techniques, and achieving survival rates as high as 18.1% compared to the world average of 3-3.5
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Krill are small crustaceans, like shrimp. The Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, live in large schools in the cold, pristine waters of Antarctica. The Southern Ocean is home to thousands of different marine life species, all dependent on each other in a vulnerable ecosystem.
Fisheries harvest Antarctic Krill in the Southern Ocean where the krill both breed and live. The krill can become six centimeters long and weigh up to two grams. They have large black eyes and translucent pink shells.
Increasing demand for fish has increased the pressure on marine life. Pollution in the water bodies has intensified and threat to aquatic biota has become worse.
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2) Uma classificação dos casos de acordo com o tipo de ação, polo ativo, polo passivo, medidas abordadas e outras categorias;
3) Gráficos e tabelas com os resultados das classificações, mostrando a distrib
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Reclaiming hydrogen for a renewable futureAIDA_Americas
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Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
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The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
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Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
3. Restore Reef Function by Protecting Herbivores
https://www.agrra.org/resources/
Dahlgen et al. 2014
4. IUCN Red List Review Importance to Coral Reefs
Rainbow parrotfish
Scarus guacamaia
Listed: Near Threatened
Call to action to protect parrotfish-
Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW protocol)
of the UNEP Caribbean Environment Programme
5. Revised criteria for the listing of species in
Annexes of the SPAW Protocol
“For the purpose of the species proposed for all three annexes, the
scientific evaluation of the threatened or endangered status of the
proposed species is to be based on the following factors:
• Size of populations
• Evidence of decline
• Restrictions on its range of distribution
• Degree of population fragmentation
• Biology and behaviour of the species
• Population dynamics
• Vulnerability of the species
• Importance of the species to the maintenance of fragile
or vulnerable ecosystems and habitats.
6. 29 countries
3,027 surveys
9,087 benthic transects
12,740 coral transects
210,168 corals surveyed
26,865 fish transects
307,854 fish surveyed
www.agrra.org
1997-present
11. Rainbow Parrotfish (TP)
Scarus guacamaia
MAP Shown here is Size of Stoplight Parrotfish
https://www.iucnredlist.org/
species/19950/17627624
12. Lower Fishing Pressure
• SF low*
• Abundance low*
• SF >30 cm high*
• Biomass low*
Higher Fishing Pressure
• SF very low*
• Abundance very low*
• SF>30 cm very low*
• Biomass very low*
Potential Management Recommendation: Protect species (no harvest)
Rainbow parrotfish
Scarus guacamaia
26 cm average length
n=132
11 cm average length
n=11
Preliminary Results
15. Lower Fishing Pressure
• SF very high
• Abundant
• SF>30 cm high*
• Biomass high*
Higher Fishing Pressure
• SF very high
• Abundant
• SF>30 cm very low*
• Biomass moderate*
Potential Management Recommendation: Ban harvest or at minimum, protect larger
bodied individuals (limited harvest)
Stoplight Parrotfish
Sparisoma viride
17 cm average length 12 cm average length
n=5986 n=1988
Preliminary Results
17. Lower Fishing Pressure
• SF very high
• Abundance high*
• SF>30 cm very low
• Biomass moderate*
Higher Fishing Pressure
• SF very high
• Abundance very high*
• SF>30 cm very low
• Biomass high*
Potential Management Recommendation: Protect large bodied ones and within
parrotfish group due to important role to reef health
Striped Parrotfish
Scarus iseri
9 cm avg length
n=14036
9 cm avg length
n=14441
Preliminary Results
19. • Fishery-independent measures of parrotfish populations are critical
for the management of Caribbean coral reefs.
• The most useful indicators of parrotfish population in the context
of reef function and management are biomass and size-specific
sighting frequencies. Species specific responses to fishing pressure can
be highly variable depending on life histories and vulnerability.
• Protecting the entire guild of parrotfish will have the greatest
benefit to coral reef function followed by species or size specific
fisheries measures that increase protection for more abundant AND
larger bodied parrotfish species (e.g., queen, yellowtail, redtail,
stoplight, redband).
Summary
20. NEW Challenges: Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease
https://www.agrra.org/coral-disease-resources/
21. SCTLD Coral Disease in the Caribbean
https://www.agrra.org/coral-disease-outbreak/
https://www.agrra.org/coral-disease-outbreak/
23. Gather information available to help review Criteria
1. Criteria 1 & 10 – Species important to fragile coral reef
ecosystems
2. Criteria 5 – Locally traded
3. Criteria 4 – IUCN Criteria
4. Criteria 6 & 7 – Regional Cooperation
24. Importance of Parrotfish
• Parrotfish play an important functional role on reefs through
herbivory.
• Through grazing they keep non-encrusting algae from
outcompeting adult corals for space and help create open
space for coral larvae to settle and grow.
• Their importance as algal grazers has increased since the
regional die-off of the key herbivorous sea urchin, Diadema
antillarum, in the 1980s.
• They produce and transport sediment that contributes to
sandy beach formation and are economically important for
reef tourism activities such as snorkeling and diving.
• Some parrotfish are vulnerable to overharvesting as they are
now targeted for food since other fish stocks have declined.
• Protecting sufficient numbers of herbivores can increase
grazing intensity to levels that can help shift the balance
towards more coral-dominated reefs.
Photos by Ken Marks
25. MAP Shown here is example Stoplight Parrotfish
Parrotfish Density, Size & Biomass
Metrics
Density
Size
Biomass