The document discusses different types of iteration logic or loops in C programming. It describes the repeat-for loop, repeat-while loop, for loop, while loop, and do-while loop. The key aspects of each loop type are defined, including initialization, condition checking, updating, and flow of execution through the loop body. Examples are provided to illustrate the usage and flow of each loop type.
This document discusses loops in C++. It describes the parts of a loop including initialization, test, and update expressions. It explains the functioning of for, while, and do-while loops through examples. A for loop executes a sequence of statements multiple times in an abbreviated form. A while loop repeats statements as long as a condition is true, testing the condition first. A do-while loop evaluates the test expression after executing the loop body, so the body is executed at least once. Nested loops are used to repeat an inner loop multiple times for each iteration of an outer loop.
The document discusses various looping constructs in C++ including while, do-while, and for loops. It provides examples of using counters, sentinels, nested loops, break, continue, and running totals with loops. Key points covered include the differences between pretest and posttest loops, using loops for input validation, and tips for writing good test data when testing programs.
The document discusses different types of loops in C++ including while, do-while, for, and switch-case statements. It provides examples of using each loop or statement to repeat operations a certain number of times or while a condition is met. Key examples include a countdown loop using while, calculating factorials with for, and a calculator program using switch-case to perform math operations.
Iterative structures, also known as loops, repeat sections of code and are used for tasks like calculating multiple values, computing iterative results, printing tables of data, and processing large amounts of input or array data. The three types of loops in C++ are the while loop, do-while loop, and for loop, each with different test conditions to control the loop execution. Loops can also be nested within each other to perform multiple iterations or to loop through multi-dimensional data structures.
This document discusses the Do...While loop structure in programming. A Do...While loop will execute a block of statements at least once, and will continue executing as long as a condition is true. The syntax includes the keyword "Do", followed by the statements to execute, the keyword "While", the condition to check, and the keyword "Loop". An example shows a program that uses a Do...While loop to add 2 to a variable until it reaches 20.
Loops allow sections of code to repeat a certain number of times. There are three main types of loops in C++:
1. The for loop repeats until a test condition is false, and includes initialization, condition, and increment expressions.
2. The while loop repeats until a condition is false, without a fixed number of iterations.
3. The do-while loop guarantees running the loop body at least once before checking the condition, unlike the while loop which may not run if the condition is false.
The document discusses looping statements in Java, including while, do-while, and for loops. It provides the syntax for each loop and explains their logic and flow. While and for loops check a condition before each iteration of the loop body. Do-while loops check the condition after executing the body at least once. Nested loops run the inner loop fully for each iteration of the outer loop. Infinite loops occur if the condition is never made false, causing the program to run indefinitely.
This document discusses loops in C++. It describes the parts of a loop including initialization, test, and update expressions. It explains the functioning of for, while, and do-while loops through examples. A for loop executes a sequence of statements multiple times in an abbreviated form. A while loop repeats statements as long as a condition is true, testing the condition first. A do-while loop evaluates the test expression after executing the loop body, so the body is executed at least once. Nested loops are used to repeat an inner loop multiple times for each iteration of an outer loop.
The document discusses various looping constructs in C++ including while, do-while, and for loops. It provides examples of using counters, sentinels, nested loops, break, continue, and running totals with loops. Key points covered include the differences between pretest and posttest loops, using loops for input validation, and tips for writing good test data when testing programs.
The document discusses different types of loops in C++ including while, do-while, for, and switch-case statements. It provides examples of using each loop or statement to repeat operations a certain number of times or while a condition is met. Key examples include a countdown loop using while, calculating factorials with for, and a calculator program using switch-case to perform math operations.
Iterative structures, also known as loops, repeat sections of code and are used for tasks like calculating multiple values, computing iterative results, printing tables of data, and processing large amounts of input or array data. The three types of loops in C++ are the while loop, do-while loop, and for loop, each with different test conditions to control the loop execution. Loops can also be nested within each other to perform multiple iterations or to loop through multi-dimensional data structures.
This document discusses the Do...While loop structure in programming. A Do...While loop will execute a block of statements at least once, and will continue executing as long as a condition is true. The syntax includes the keyword "Do", followed by the statements to execute, the keyword "While", the condition to check, and the keyword "Loop". An example shows a program that uses a Do...While loop to add 2 to a variable until it reaches 20.
Loops allow sections of code to repeat a certain number of times. There are three main types of loops in C++:
1. The for loop repeats until a test condition is false, and includes initialization, condition, and increment expressions.
2. The while loop repeats until a condition is false, without a fixed number of iterations.
3. The do-while loop guarantees running the loop body at least once before checking the condition, unlike the while loop which may not run if the condition is false.
The document discusses looping statements in Java, including while, do-while, and for loops. It provides the syntax for each loop and explains their logic and flow. While and for loops check a condition before each iteration of the loop body. Do-while loops check the condition after executing the body at least once. Nested loops run the inner loop fully for each iteration of the outer loop. Infinite loops occur if the condition is never made false, causing the program to run indefinitely.
This document provides information about loop statements in programming. It discusses the different parts of a loop, types of loops including while, for, and do-while loops. It also covers nested loops and jump statements like break and continue. Examples are given for each loop type. The document concludes with multiple choice and program-based questions as exercises.
The document discusses the flow of control in programs and control statements. There are two major categories of control statements: loops and decisions. Loops cause a section of code to repeat, while decisions cause jumps in the program flow depending on calculations or conditions. Common loop statements are for, while, and do-while loops. Common decision statements include if-else and switch statements. Nested statements and loops can also be used to further control program flow.
The document discusses different conditional statements in C++ including if statements, if-else statements, and nested if statements. It explains the syntax and logic of each statement. The if statement executes a block of code if a condition is true. The if-else statement executes one block if the condition is true and another block if it is false. Nested if statements allow placing if statements inside other if statements to check multiple conditions. Logical and relational operators are used to build conditions.
The original Creative JavaScript tutorial, covering loops in JavaScript. This tutorial is aimed at creative people with no programming experience who are interested to learn loops JavaScript.
Control statements allow altering the sequential flow of program execution. There are three main types of control statements in C: conditional statements like if-else that allow branching based on boolean conditions, loop statements like while and for that repeat execution of a block of code a specified number of times, and switch statements that choose among multiple code blocks to execute based on a variable's value. Well-structured programs use control statements to make decisions and repeat tasks to process data efficiently.
This document discusses JavaScript control statements (loops). It covers the increment and decrement operators, for loops, while loops, and examples of each. The increment operator (i++) increments a variable by 1, and the decrement operator (i--) decrements a variable by 1. A for loop allows initializing a counter variable, testing a condition, and incrementing/decrementing on each iteration. A while loop runs a code block repeatedly as long as a condition is true. Examples demonstrate looping through arrays and incrementing/decrementing variables with for and while loops.
Loops IN COMPUTER SCIENCE STANDARD 11 BY KRKrishna Raj
This document provides an overview of different types of loop statements in computer programming, including while loops, for loops, do-while loops, and nested loops. It also discusses jump statements like break, continue, goto, and exit that change the normal flow of loops. The key types of loops covered are while loops, which repeat a statement as long as a condition is true, for loops, which allow initialization of loop variables, testing a condition, and updating variables each iteration, and do-while loops, which first execute the statement and then check the condition.
The document discusses different loop structures in C++ for getting user input from a menu. It presents an algorithm to get a valid menu choice using a do-while loop, then refines it to display error messages using a forever loop. C++ provides for, while, do-while, and forever loops for different repetition needs depending on an algorithm's structure.
The document discusses different control structures in C++ programs including sequence, selection, and repetition. It defines each structure and provides examples. Sequence refers to executing statements in order. Selection (branching) executes different statements depending on conditions. Repetition (looping) repeats statements while conditions are met. Common control structures in C++ include if/else statements, switch statements, and various loops like while, for, and do-while loops. The document provides details on the syntax and flow of each structure.
1) Loop constructs allow a set of statements to be executed repeatedly as long as a condition is true. Common loop constructs include while, do-while, and for loops.
2) While and do-while loops execute statements until a logical condition becomes false, differing in that do-while checks the condition after executing the loop body once.
3) For loops initialize and test a condition for each repetition and allow incrementing/decrementing a variable to control loop repetition.
This course provides a strong background about JAVA programming language in the field of computing. The course begins with an introductory overview of the Computer and programs, with distinguishes the terms API, IDE and JDK, and gives a comprehensive knowledge about Java development kits and Java integrative development environments like eclipse and NetBeans. Furthermore, the course prepares student to write, compile, run and develop Java applications which are used to find out the solution for several real life problems, in conjunction with using GUI to obtain input, process and display outputs like message dialog boxes, input dialog boxes, confirmation dialog and so on.
JAVA is a computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.
The aim of this course is to explore Java programming fundamentals related to write, compile, run and develop Java applications that are used to discover the solution for several real life problems.
The official learning outcome for this course is: Upon successful completion of the course the students:
• Must know the basic concepts related JAVA programming language.
• Must know how to write, compile, run and develop java applications.
A combination of lectures and practical sessions will be used in this course in order to achieve the aim of the course.
By MSc. Karwan Mustafa Kareem
Control structures in C++ allow programs to conditionally execute code or repeat code in loops. The if/else statement executes code based on a condition being true or false. A while loop repeats a statement as long as a condition is true. A do/while loop repeats a statement first, then checks a condition to repeat. A for loop initializes a counter, checks a condition, and increments the counter on each iteration while the condition is true. Break and continue can prematurely exit or skip iterations in loops.
Loops allow a set of instructions to be repeatedly executed until a certain condition is met. The document discusses the concept of loops and the for loop in particular. It defines loops, explains how they work by testing a condition and repeating a loop body, and lists the typical parts of a loop including initialization, test expression, and increment/decrement. It also describes different types of loops like for, while, and do-while loops. The structure and usage of the for loop is explained along with an example of a for loop printing numbers 1 through 10.
Iteration statements allow code to be repeated based on a condition. The main types of iteration statements are:
1) For loops iterate based on a initialization, condition, and post-iteration expression. They are commonly used when the number of iterations is known.
2) While loops iterate as long as a condition is true. The condition is checked at the start of each iteration.
3) Do-while loops are similar to while loops but execute the code block once before checking the condition, so the code is always run at least once.
JavaScript Loop: Optimization of Weak TypingJanlay Wu
This document discusses JavaScript loop optimization and the difference in performance between i++ and i-- loops. It shows that i++ and i-- have similar performance in modern browsers. To better measure the performance, it defines test functions that run the loops 10,000 times with 1,000,000 iterations each. The results show minor differences between browsers but no clear winner between i++ and i--. It also discusses the differences between strong/weak and static/dynamic typing in JavaScript compared to languages like C/Java.
The document discusses different types of loops that can be used when a program needs to repeatedly perform the same actions. It describes while loops, do-while loops, and for loops as well as examples of their uses. Loops allow code to be reused and reduce the number of statements needed compared to writing out repetitive tasks individually. Debugging techniques for loops, like using counters, are also covered.
Mesics lecture 7 iteration and repetitive executionseShikshak
The document discusses loops in computer programming. It defines loops as blocks of code that are repeatedly executed. There are two main types of loops: counter-controlled loops, where the number of iterations is defined in advance, and sentinel-controlled loops, where the number depends on a condition. Common loop structures in C include the for, while, and do-while loops. The for loop allows predefined or open-ended repetition. The while loop executes until a condition is false. The do-while loop guarantees at least one iteration even if the condition is initially false.
The document discusses programming languages and different types of loops in programming. It provides examples of for, while, and do-while loops. A for loop initializes a variable, specifies a condition, and updates the variable on each iteration. A while loop runs code while a condition is true. A do-while loop runs code once then checks the condition on subsequent iterations. Loops allow code to repeat to produce greater results through repetition.
This document discusses various control flow statements in Java including branching statements, looping statements, and jump statements. It provides examples of if, if-else, if-else-if statements, switch statements, for loops, while loops, do-while loops, break, continue, and return statements. Key points include:
- Branching statements like if, if-else, if-else-if are used to control program flow based on boolean conditions. Switch statements provide an alternative for multiple if-else statements.
- Looping statements like for, while, do-while repeat a block of code while/until a condition is met.
- Jump statements like break and continue control flow within loops, while
Looping statements allow tasks to be repeated. The three main types are for, while, and do-while loops. For loops initialize and increment a counter variable. While loops test a condition and repeat until false. Do-while loops execute the body first and then test the condition, repeating until false. Loops are useful for tasks like adding numbers in a range or printing patterns.
The document discusses different types of loops in computer programming including for, while, do-while, and infinite loops. It provides examples of using each loop type to print "Hello World" multiple times and explains the key differences between while and do-while loops. While loops check the loop condition first before executing the body, whereas do-while loops always execute the body at least once before checking the condition. Infinite loops occur when the loop condition is never false, causing the loop to repeat indefinitely until terminated.
Loops allow code to be repeatedly executed. There are three common types of loops in C++: for, while, and do-while. For and while loops check the loop condition at the start (entry controlled), while do-while checks at the end (exit controlled), guaranteeing the body runs at least once. For loops use initialization, condition, and update expressions to control the loop. While loops test a condition to determine when to exit. Do-while also tests a condition, but runs the body first before checking. C++ is commonly used for programming due to its standard template library and suitability for tasks like gaming, development, and analytics.
This document provides information about loop statements in programming. It discusses the different parts of a loop, types of loops including while, for, and do-while loops. It also covers nested loops and jump statements like break and continue. Examples are given for each loop type. The document concludes with multiple choice and program-based questions as exercises.
The document discusses the flow of control in programs and control statements. There are two major categories of control statements: loops and decisions. Loops cause a section of code to repeat, while decisions cause jumps in the program flow depending on calculations or conditions. Common loop statements are for, while, and do-while loops. Common decision statements include if-else and switch statements. Nested statements and loops can also be used to further control program flow.
The document discusses different conditional statements in C++ including if statements, if-else statements, and nested if statements. It explains the syntax and logic of each statement. The if statement executes a block of code if a condition is true. The if-else statement executes one block if the condition is true and another block if it is false. Nested if statements allow placing if statements inside other if statements to check multiple conditions. Logical and relational operators are used to build conditions.
The original Creative JavaScript tutorial, covering loops in JavaScript. This tutorial is aimed at creative people with no programming experience who are interested to learn loops JavaScript.
Control statements allow altering the sequential flow of program execution. There are three main types of control statements in C: conditional statements like if-else that allow branching based on boolean conditions, loop statements like while and for that repeat execution of a block of code a specified number of times, and switch statements that choose among multiple code blocks to execute based on a variable's value. Well-structured programs use control statements to make decisions and repeat tasks to process data efficiently.
This document discusses JavaScript control statements (loops). It covers the increment and decrement operators, for loops, while loops, and examples of each. The increment operator (i++) increments a variable by 1, and the decrement operator (i--) decrements a variable by 1. A for loop allows initializing a counter variable, testing a condition, and incrementing/decrementing on each iteration. A while loop runs a code block repeatedly as long as a condition is true. Examples demonstrate looping through arrays and incrementing/decrementing variables with for and while loops.
Loops IN COMPUTER SCIENCE STANDARD 11 BY KRKrishna Raj
This document provides an overview of different types of loop statements in computer programming, including while loops, for loops, do-while loops, and nested loops. It also discusses jump statements like break, continue, goto, and exit that change the normal flow of loops. The key types of loops covered are while loops, which repeat a statement as long as a condition is true, for loops, which allow initialization of loop variables, testing a condition, and updating variables each iteration, and do-while loops, which first execute the statement and then check the condition.
The document discusses different loop structures in C++ for getting user input from a menu. It presents an algorithm to get a valid menu choice using a do-while loop, then refines it to display error messages using a forever loop. C++ provides for, while, do-while, and forever loops for different repetition needs depending on an algorithm's structure.
The document discusses different control structures in C++ programs including sequence, selection, and repetition. It defines each structure and provides examples. Sequence refers to executing statements in order. Selection (branching) executes different statements depending on conditions. Repetition (looping) repeats statements while conditions are met. Common control structures in C++ include if/else statements, switch statements, and various loops like while, for, and do-while loops. The document provides details on the syntax and flow of each structure.
1) Loop constructs allow a set of statements to be executed repeatedly as long as a condition is true. Common loop constructs include while, do-while, and for loops.
2) While and do-while loops execute statements until a logical condition becomes false, differing in that do-while checks the condition after executing the loop body once.
3) For loops initialize and test a condition for each repetition and allow incrementing/decrementing a variable to control loop repetition.
This course provides a strong background about JAVA programming language in the field of computing. The course begins with an introductory overview of the Computer and programs, with distinguishes the terms API, IDE and JDK, and gives a comprehensive knowledge about Java development kits and Java integrative development environments like eclipse and NetBeans. Furthermore, the course prepares student to write, compile, run and develop Java applications which are used to find out the solution for several real life problems, in conjunction with using GUI to obtain input, process and display outputs like message dialog boxes, input dialog boxes, confirmation dialog and so on.
JAVA is a computer programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.
The aim of this course is to explore Java programming fundamentals related to write, compile, run and develop Java applications that are used to discover the solution for several real life problems.
The official learning outcome for this course is: Upon successful completion of the course the students:
• Must know the basic concepts related JAVA programming language.
• Must know how to write, compile, run and develop java applications.
A combination of lectures and practical sessions will be used in this course in order to achieve the aim of the course.
By MSc. Karwan Mustafa Kareem
Control structures in C++ allow programs to conditionally execute code or repeat code in loops. The if/else statement executes code based on a condition being true or false. A while loop repeats a statement as long as a condition is true. A do/while loop repeats a statement first, then checks a condition to repeat. A for loop initializes a counter, checks a condition, and increments the counter on each iteration while the condition is true. Break and continue can prematurely exit or skip iterations in loops.
Loops allow a set of instructions to be repeatedly executed until a certain condition is met. The document discusses the concept of loops and the for loop in particular. It defines loops, explains how they work by testing a condition and repeating a loop body, and lists the typical parts of a loop including initialization, test expression, and increment/decrement. It also describes different types of loops like for, while, and do-while loops. The structure and usage of the for loop is explained along with an example of a for loop printing numbers 1 through 10.
Iteration statements allow code to be repeated based on a condition. The main types of iteration statements are:
1) For loops iterate based on a initialization, condition, and post-iteration expression. They are commonly used when the number of iterations is known.
2) While loops iterate as long as a condition is true. The condition is checked at the start of each iteration.
3) Do-while loops are similar to while loops but execute the code block once before checking the condition, so the code is always run at least once.
JavaScript Loop: Optimization of Weak TypingJanlay Wu
This document discusses JavaScript loop optimization and the difference in performance between i++ and i-- loops. It shows that i++ and i-- have similar performance in modern browsers. To better measure the performance, it defines test functions that run the loops 10,000 times with 1,000,000 iterations each. The results show minor differences between browsers but no clear winner between i++ and i--. It also discusses the differences between strong/weak and static/dynamic typing in JavaScript compared to languages like C/Java.
The document discusses different types of loops that can be used when a program needs to repeatedly perform the same actions. It describes while loops, do-while loops, and for loops as well as examples of their uses. Loops allow code to be reused and reduce the number of statements needed compared to writing out repetitive tasks individually. Debugging techniques for loops, like using counters, are also covered.
Mesics lecture 7 iteration and repetitive executionseShikshak
The document discusses loops in computer programming. It defines loops as blocks of code that are repeatedly executed. There are two main types of loops: counter-controlled loops, where the number of iterations is defined in advance, and sentinel-controlled loops, where the number depends on a condition. Common loop structures in C include the for, while, and do-while loops. The for loop allows predefined or open-ended repetition. The while loop executes until a condition is false. The do-while loop guarantees at least one iteration even if the condition is initially false.
The document discusses programming languages and different types of loops in programming. It provides examples of for, while, and do-while loops. A for loop initializes a variable, specifies a condition, and updates the variable on each iteration. A while loop runs code while a condition is true. A do-while loop runs code once then checks the condition on subsequent iterations. Loops allow code to repeat to produce greater results through repetition.
This document discusses various control flow statements in Java including branching statements, looping statements, and jump statements. It provides examples of if, if-else, if-else-if statements, switch statements, for loops, while loops, do-while loops, break, continue, and return statements. Key points include:
- Branching statements like if, if-else, if-else-if are used to control program flow based on boolean conditions. Switch statements provide an alternative for multiple if-else statements.
- Looping statements like for, while, do-while repeat a block of code while/until a condition is met.
- Jump statements like break and continue control flow within loops, while
Looping statements allow tasks to be repeated. The three main types are for, while, and do-while loops. For loops initialize and increment a counter variable. While loops test a condition and repeat until false. Do-while loops execute the body first and then test the condition, repeating until false. Loops are useful for tasks like adding numbers in a range or printing patterns.
The document discusses different types of loops in computer programming including for, while, do-while, and infinite loops. It provides examples of using each loop type to print "Hello World" multiple times and explains the key differences between while and do-while loops. While loops check the loop condition first before executing the body, whereas do-while loops always execute the body at least once before checking the condition. Infinite loops occur when the loop condition is never false, causing the loop to repeat indefinitely until terminated.
Loops allow code to be repeatedly executed. There are three common types of loops in C++: for, while, and do-while. For and while loops check the loop condition at the start (entry controlled), while do-while checks at the end (exit controlled), guaranteeing the body runs at least once. For loops use initialization, condition, and update expressions to control the loop. While loops test a condition to determine when to exit. Do-while also tests a condition, but runs the body first before checking. C++ is commonly used for programming due to its standard template library and suitability for tasks like gaming, development, and analytics.
A while loop in C programming
repeatedly executes a target
statement as long as a given
condition is true.
A while loop in C programming
repeatedly executes a target
statement as long as a given
condition is true.
Loops in C++ allow programmers to repeatedly execute a block of code. There are three main types of loops in C++: while loops, do-while loops, and for loops. While loops and do-while loops check the loop condition at the end of each iteration and repeat the block while the condition is true. For loops allow initialization of a counter variable, a condition to test on each pass, and an update to the counter. For loops are useful when the number of iterations is known. Do-while loops differ in that the block is guaranteed to run at least once even if the condition is false.
There are two main types of loops in C - entry control loops and exit control loops. Entry control loops like for and while loops check the loop condition at entry, while exit control loops like do-while check the condition at exit. For loops use initialization, condition, and update statements. While loops continuously check a condition. Do-while loops execute the body at least once before checking the condition. Loops can be nested, with one loop inside another. This allows looping of statements within another loop.
This document discusses different types of looping in C programming. It introduces while, do-while, and for loops. The while loop checks the loop condition at the start of each iteration. The do-while loop checks the condition at the end of each iteration, running at least once. The for loop combines initialization, condition, and increment into one statement and is often used when the number of iterations is known. Examples are provided to illustrate the usage of each loop type.
The document discusses different types of loop control statements in programming languages. It describes while loops, do-while loops, and for loops. While loops execute a block of code as long as a condition is true. Do-while loops execute a block of code once and then repeatedly as long as the condition is true. For loops allow initialization of a counter variable, a condition to test each iteration, and an increment/decrement step. The document also covers nesting loops, using break and continue statements to control loop execution, and provides examples of each type of loop.
The document discusses the different types of loops in C language: while loop, do-while loop, and for loop. It provides the syntax and an example of each loop. The while loop checks the condition first and repeats the block of code as long as the condition is true. The do-while loop ensures the block of code executes at least once before checking the condition. The for loop allows initialization of a counter, specifies a condition to test, and how to change the counter between iterations of the loop.
C for Loop
Loops are used in programming to execute a block of code repeatedly until a specified condition is met. In this tutorial, you will learn to create for loop in C programming.
C programming has three types of loops:
for loop
while loop
do...while loop
what are loop in general
what is loop in c language
uses of loop in c language
types of loop in c language
program of loop in c language
syantax of loop in c language
This document discusses different types of loops in C programming. It describes while loops, do-while loops, and for loops. A while loop checks a condition first and executes the loop body if the condition is true. A do-while loop executes the body first and then checks the condition, so the body is always executed at least once. Examples are provided to illustrate while loops and how they can be used to print a message multiple times.
The document discusses different types of loops in Java including for, while, and do-while loops. It provides the syntax for each loop and examples of how to use them to iterate through a range of numbers. It also covers the break and continue statements that can be used to control the flow of loops, such as breaking out of a loop entirely or skipping the current iteration.
This document summarizes different types of loops in C programming: for loops, while loops, and do-while loops. It explains the basic structure of each loop type, including where the initialization, test condition, and updating of the loop variable occurs. It also distinguishes between entry controlled loops (for and while) and exit controlled loops (do-while). Additional loop concepts covered include break and continue statements, and sentinel controlled loops. Examples are provided to illustrate usage of each loop type.
The document discusses different types of loops in JavaScript, including for, do-while, while, labeled, break, continue, for-in, and for-of loops. It provides examples and explanations of how each loop type works, when to use each type, and their basic syntax. The key loops are: for loops repeat until a condition is false, do-while loops always run once then repeat while a condition is true, while loops check a condition before each iteration, and break and continue can terminate or skip iterations within a loop.
Importance of loops in any programming language is immense, they allow us to reduce the number of lines in a code, making our code more readable and efficient.
This document discusses different types of loops in JavaScript. It covers while loops, do-while loops, and for loops. While and do-while loops check conditions before or after each iteration of the loop body. For loops allow setting up initialization, condition, and increment/decrement in one place. Break and continue can be used to exit or skip the current loop iteration early. The goal is to repeat code multiple times in a controlled way using loops.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
itretion.docx
1. Iteration Logic (Repetitive Flow)
The Iteration logic employs a loop which involves a repeat statement
followed by a module known as the body of a loop.
The two types of these structures are:
Repeat-For Structure
This structure has the form:
Repeat for i = A to N by I:
[Module]
[End of loop]
Here, A is the initial value, N is the end value and I is the increment.
The loop ends when A>B. K increases or decreases according to
the positive and negative value of I respectively.
Repeat-For Flow
Repeat-While Structure
It also uses a condition to control the loop. This structure has the
form:
Repeat while condition:
2. [Module]
[End of Loop]
Repeat While Flow
For loop is a repetition control structure which allows us to write a loop
that is executed a specific number of times. The loop enables us to
perform n number of steps together in one line.
For(init,condition,update)
For(i=1;1<10;i++) i=0 i=1,i=2 9<10,10<10
3. Syntax:
for (initialization expr; test expr; update expr)
{
// body of the loop
// statements we want to execute
}
The various parts of the For loop are:
1. Initialization Expression: In this expression we have to initialize
the loop counter to some value.
Example:
int i=1;
2. Condition: In this expression we have to test the condition. If the
condition evaluates to true then we will execute the body of the loop
and go to update expression. Otherwise, we will exit from the for
loop.
Example:
i <= 10
4. 3. Update Expression: After executing the loop body, this expression
increments/decrements the loop variable by some value.
Example:
i++;
How does a For loop executes?
1. Control falls into the for loop. Initialization is done
2. The flow jumps to Condition
3. Condition is tested.
a. If Condition yields true, the flow goes into the Body
b. If Condition yields false, the flow goes outside the loop
4. The statements inside the body of the loop get executed.
5. The flow goes to the Updation
6. Updation takes place and the flow goes to Step 3 again
7. The for loop has ended and the flow has gone outside.
Flow chart for loop (For Control Flow):
Example 1: This program will try to print “Hello World” 5 times. The
program will execute in the following manner:
5. // C program to illustrate for loop
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 0;
// Writing a for loop
// to print Hello World 5 times
for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
printf("Hello Worldn");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Dry-Running Example 1:
1. Program starts.
2. i is initialized with value 1.
3. Condition is checked. 1 <= 5 yields true.
3.a) "Hello World" gets printed 1st time.
3.b) Updation is done. Now i = 2.
4. Condition is checked. 2 <= 5 yields true.
4.a) "Hello World" gets printed 2nd time.
4.b) Updation is done. Now i = 3.
5. Condition is checked. 3 <= 5 yields true.
5.a) "Hello World" gets printed 3rd time
6. 5.b) Updation is done. Now i = 4.
6. Condition is checked. 4 <= 5 yields true.
6.a) "Hello World" gets printed 4th time
6.b) Updation is done. Now i = 5.
7. Condition is checked. 5 <= 5 yields true.
7.a) "Hello World" gets printed 5th time
7.b) Updation is done. Now i = 6.
8. Condition is checked. 6 <= 5 yields false.
9. Flow goes outside the loop to return 0
Example2
// C program to illustrate for loop
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 0;
// Writing a for loop
// to print odd numbers upto N
for (i = 1; i <= 10; i += 2) {
printf("%dn", i);
}
return 0;
}
Loops in C: come into use when we need to repeatedly execute a block of
statements.
During the study of ‘for’ loop in C or C++, we have seen that the number
of iterations is known beforehand, i.e. the number of times the loop body is
needed to be executed is known to us. The while loop in C/C++ is used in
situations where we do not know the exact number of iterations of loop
beforehand. The loop execution is terminated on the basis of the test condition.
7. Syntax:
while (test_expression)
{
// statements
update_expression;
}
The various parts of the While loop are:
1. Test Expression: In this expression we have to test the condition. If the
condition evaluates to true then we will execute the body of the loop and go
to update expression. Otherwise, we will exit from the while loop.
Example:
i <= 10
2. Update Expression: After executing the loop body, this expression
increments/decrements the loop variable by some value.
Example:
i++;
8. How does a While loop executes?
1. Control falls into the while loop.
2. The flow jumps to Condition
3. Condition is tested.
a. If Condition yields true, the flow goes into the Body.
b. If Condition yields false, the flow goes outside the loop
4. The statements inside the body of the loop get executed.
5. Updation takes place.
6. Control flows back to Step 2.
7. The do-while loop has ended and the flow has gone outside.
Flowchart while loop (for Control Flow):
Example 1: This program will try to print “Hello World” 5 times.
// C program to illustrate while loop
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
9. {
// initialization expression
int i = 1;
// test expression
while (i < 6) {
printf("Hello Worldn");
// update expression
i++;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Hello World
Dry-Running Example 1: The program will execute in the following manner.
1. Program starts.
2. i is initialized with value 1.
3. Condition is checked. 1 < 6 yields true.
3.a) "Hello World" gets printed 1st time.
3.b) Updation is done. Now i = 2.
4. Condition is checked. 2 < 6 yields true.
4.a) "Hello World" gets printed 2nd time.
4.b) Updation is done. Now i = 3.
5. Condition is checked. 3 < 6 yields true.
5.a) "Hello World" gets printed 3rd time
5.b) Updation is done. Now i = 4.
6. Condition is checked. 4 < 6 yields true.
6.a) "Hello World" gets printed 4th time
6.b) Updation is done. Now i = 5.
10. 7. Condition is checked. 5 < 6 yields true.
7.a) "Hello World" gets printed 5th time
7.b) Updation is done. Now i = 6.
8. Condition is checked. 6 < 6 yields false.
9. Flow goes outside the loop to return 0.
Example 2:
// C program to illustrate while loop
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
// initialization expression
int i = 1;
// test expression
while (i > -5) {
printf("%dn", i);
// update expression
i--;
}
return 0;
}
Output:
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
Loops in C come into use when we need to repeatedly execute a block of
statements.
Like while the do-while loop execution is also terminated on the basis of
a test condition. The main difference between a do-while loop and while loop is
in the do-while loop the condition is tested at the end of the loop body, i.e do-
11. while loop is exit controlled whereas the other two loops are entry controlled
loops.
Note: In do-while loop the loop body will execute at least once irrespective of
test condition.
Syntax:
do
{
// loop body
update_expression;
}
while (test_expression);
Note: Notice the semi – colon(“;”) in the end of loop.
The various parts of the do-while loop are:
1. Test Expression: In this expression we have to test the condition. If the
condition evaluates to true then we will execute the body of the loop and go
to update expression. Otherwise, we will exit from the while loop.
Example:
i <= 10
12. 2. Update Expression: After executing the loop body, this expression
increments/decrements the loop variable by some value.
Example:
i++;
How does a do-While loop executes?
1. Control falls into the do-while loop.
2. The statements inside the body of the loop get executed.
3. Updation takes place.
4. The flow jumps to Condition
5. Condition is tested.
a. If Condition yields true, goto Step 6.
b. If Condition yields false, the flow goes outside the loop
6. Flow goes back to Step 2.
Flow Diagram do-while loop:
Example 1: This program will try to print “Hello World” depending on few
conditions.
// C program to illustrate do-while loop
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
// Initialization expression
int i = 2;
13. do {
// loop body
printf("Hello Worldn");
// Update expression
i++;
}
// Test expression
while (i < 1);
return 0;
}
Output:
Hello World
Dry-Running Example 1:
1. Program starts.
2. i is intialised to 2.
3. Execution enters the loop
3.a) "Hello World" gets printed 1st time.
3.b) Updation is done. Now i = 2.
4. Condition is checked. 2 < 2 yields false.
5. The flow goes outside the loop.
Example 2:
C // C program to illustrate do-while loop
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
// Initialization expression
int i = 1;
do {
// Loop body
printf("%dn", i);
// Update expression
i++;
}
// Test expression
while (i <= 5);
14. return 0;
}
Output:
1
2
3
4
5
For loop While loop
Initialization may be either in loop
statement or outside the loop. Initialization is always outside the loop.
Once the statement(s) is executed
then after increment is done.
Increment can be done before or after the
execution of the statement(s).
It is normally used when the number
of iterations is known.
It is normally used when the number of
iterations is unknown.
Condition is a relational expression.
Condition may be expression or non-zero
value.
It is used when initialization and
increment is simple. It is used for complex initialization.
For is entry controlled loop. While is also entry controlled loop.
for ( init ; condition ; iteration )
{
statement(s);
}
while ( condition )
{
statement(s);
}
15. while do-while
Condition is checked first then
statement(s) is executed.
Statement(s) is executed atleast once,
thereafter condition is checked.
It might occur statement(s) is executed
zero times, If condition is false.
At least once the statement(s) is
executed.
No semicolon at the end of while.
while(condition)
Semicolon at the end of while.
while(condition);
If there is a single statement, brackets
are not required. Brackets are always required.
Variable in condition is initialized
before the execution of loop.
variable may be initialized before or
within the loop.
while loop is entry controlled loop. do-while loop is exit controlled loop.
while(condition)
{
statement(s);
}
do
{
statement(s);
}
while(condition);