This document provides information about different types of computers and IT topics. It discusses personal computers, laptops, mainframe computers and PDAs. It also covers computer hardware components like the CPU, RAM, and ROM. Software topics like operating systems, applications and the system development cycle are explained. The document also discusses computer networks, the internet, e-commerce, and how computers are used in business, government, hospitals and education. Health and safety precautions for computer use are also outlined.

1. 1
Information Technology
IT

2. 2
Types of computer
•Personal computer (PC)
•Laptop (portable computer)
•Main frame computer
•PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
(mobile phone)

3. 3
Personal Computer (PC(
• Fast , less expensive and getting cheaper by
the day
• Typical users: Home user, Doctors ,
Education

4. 4
Mainframe Computer
• Very powerful computer and it often
connected to many individual PCs over
network
• Faster than PCs, used for processing large
amounts of data as salaries
• Very expensive
• Typical Users: Banks and Building
societies, Insurance (‫)تامين‬

5. 5
Laptop (portable computer(
• Laptop as PC in capacity
• It is portable computer
• Expensive than PC
• Typical Users: Business users

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PDA(Personal Digital Assistant(
• Much smaller storage capacity compared to
a PC
• Small enough to held in the palm of hand
• Typical users: Business users

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• Hardware: The term hardware refers to the physical
components of your computer such as mouse,
keyboard, monitor, CPU(system case), RAM
• Software: is the collection of instruction the make
the computer work
Hardware Software

8. 8
CPU (central processing unit(
• Is one of the most important components
within your computer.
• It determine how fast your computer will run
and its function is to process data .
• Measured by Megahertz-Gigahertz (MHZ-
GHZ) (Hertz measure the frequency ‫(التردد‬
HardwareHardware

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RAM (Random Access Memory(
• Main memory/ Temporary/ volatile
• The operating system is loaded into the
Ram when the PC is switched on
• The contents of Ram disappear when the
PC is switched off
• The contents of Ram change constantly as
the PC is used
Computer Memory

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ROM (Read only memory(
• Secondary memory / permanent or fixed
• It is a chip held on motherboard it
contains software that is required to
make your computer work with operating
system
• The contents of Rom are fixed during the
manufacture of the PC
• You cannot write to this type of memory

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Input device Output device Storage device
Main part of computer

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input Memory Processor
output
Storage device

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Input device
•Keyboard
•Mouse - trackball - touch Pad
•light pen
•Scanner
•Web came
•Digital camera
•Microphone
•Joysticks

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Output device
•Monitor
•Plotter (more complex drawing )
•Speaker
•Printer
Touch screen
Output & Input device

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• Bit
• Byte = 8 bit
• Kilobyte = 1024 byte
• Megabyte = 1024 kilo byte
• Gigabyte = 1024 mega byte
• Terabyte = 1024 giga byte
Storage Capacity

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Storage Devices
• Hard disk 40---350Gb
– fastest at accessing data
• Floppy disk 1.44Mb
– Slowest at accessing data
• Zip disk 100---750Mb
• CD 650---700Mb
• Tap Backup 2---100Gb

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Format
• Format is a special
software(system file) added
to unformatted disk so it can
store data

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• Copying your computer files onto a
separate storage device
• Keeping copies of data in two locations
Backup

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Computer performance
• Free space on Hard disk
• Capacity of RAM
• Speed of CPU
• Quality of equipments is installed on PC
• Number of application running

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Software
Operating system Application
•Sets up the look and
feel of your computer
interface
•Control the hardware
and software of your
computer
•You can run more than
one at the same time
•This can be used to edit
data files

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Operating system
• Collection of instructions That makes the
computer work
• Types of Operating system/OS
Dos
Windows
Unix
Linux
Mac

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Operating system main task
• Start up the computer
• Control all the Hardware
• Enable other programs to run
GUI using icons (images) and Menus in windows OS by
using mouse

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Application Software
• Word processing [creating letters – faxes –
Memos –– producing catalogue containing
graphics –business document]
• Excel Spreadsheet [Charts – financial projection –
working with budgets]
• Access database[sort large amount of information
– creating list of contact details ]
• PowerPoint presentation [create overhead
projections slides]

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• Accounting application[produce payroll –
Stock control‫المخزون‬ ‫]فحص‬
• Web browsing[View web pages]
• Multimedia Application [Interactive
learning Material and training material]
• Desktop publishing[produce a newspaper &
magazine layout]

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1. Analysis
2. Design
3. Programming
4. Testing
System development cycle
The development of computer based systems
can include a variety of steps, depending
largely on the size and type of the application,
but atypical development part includes :

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Work group computing
• The idea of work group is that group of
people working together can share their
resources with each other. People within the
work group can share information on their
hard disk as well as sharing printers
modems and scanners
• We can share files, disk storages,
application, disk spaces

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Network
Two or more computers connect
together and allow PCs to Share
information (files), disk storage and
resources as (printers).
1. Network by area
2. Network by user
3. Network by connection

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Network by area
LAN
 local Area Network
 Is system of individual pcs
are connecting to gather
within company or
organization .
 Authorized users can access
and data stored anywhere
on a LAN.
 Large data files can be
transferred computers
using a LAN.
WAN
 Wide Area Network
 Allows pcs connect to
gather over a wide area
 Type of network that
links computers in
different cities or
countries

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Intranet & Extranet
Intranet
• An internal internet
using e-mail and web
within a single
origination and access
members of the same
company organization
to access it
Extranet
• Internet between
organizations and
allow external users to
access it by username
and password.
Network by users

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Internet connection
• PSTN: public Switched telephone network
‫العامة‬ ‫التليفون‬ ‫شبكه‬
• ISDN: Integrated Service Digital Network
‫الرقميه‬ ‫التكاملية‬ ‫الخدمه‬ it is a digital line used
for both voice and data
• ADSL: Asymmetric Digital subscriber line
‫متماثل‬ ‫غير‬ ‫رقمي‬ ‫اشتراك‬ ‫خط‬
Network by connection

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Internet
• Global collection of networked computers all over
the world
• A wide Area network of computers linked together
• No License is needed to publish material
• Providing search for information
• Providing service of e-mail [Electronic mail]
• E-commerce
Note: A network that grew out of the work of the
American military

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Requirements needed to
connect to internet
• Telephone line
• ISP : [Internet service provider]
• Modem [14.4Kbps to56.6Kbps] convert
digital and analog signals

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WWW (world wide web(
• Refers to vast collection of linked
documents .
• Small part of internet.
• A vast collection of linked documents held
on computers all over the world .
• Can accessed using a web browser.

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E-commerce (Electronic commerce(
• Buy or sell good and services online
anywhere in the world .
• The consumer rights of the supplier’s
country apply.
• It’s more difficult to return goods purchased
online than goods bought in a shop.
• You are at risk from insecure payment
methods.

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Teleworking
• work at home by using computers.
• Greater ability to focus on one task.
• Reduce office desk space.
• Increase flexibility of working hours.
• Need self control.
• Makes it harder to socially interact with
team members.

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Computer in every day life
Business Administration ‫العمال‬ ‫ادارة‬
Administer employee payroll ‫ادارة‬‫الرواتب‬ ‫قائمة‬
Track invoices ‫بقعتعقب‬‫الشراء‬ ‫اوامر‬
Manage payment record ‫الدفع‬ ‫سجلت‬ ‫ادارة‬
Online Banking ‫الصرافة‬
Check Balance )an accounts ) ‫فحص‬‫الميزانيات‬
Transfer Founds ‫الموال‬ ‫تحويل‬
Apply for Loans‫القروض‬ ‫طلب‬
Computer in business

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Airline booking ‫الطيران‬ ‫تذاكر‬ ‫حجز‬
Check ticket availability ‫المتاحة‬ ‫التذاكر‬ ‫فحص‬
Purchase tickets‫التذاكر‬ ‫شراء‬
List customers’ dietary needs ‫لحماية‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫ةيامحل ماظن عضوضع‬
‫العملء‬
Check Time Table ‫الزمنية‬ ‫ةيامحل ماظن عضول‬‫ا‬‫الجد‬ ‫فحص‬
Insurance Claims Processing ‫عمليات‬ ‫تايلمع تابلطتمتطلبات‬
‫تايلمع تابلطتمين‬‫أ‬‫الت‬
Check policy Details‫التأمين‬ ‫ةيامحل ماظن عضوثيقة‬ ‫بقعتفاصيل‬ ‫مراجعة‬
Provide quotes for premium ‫قيمة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫بقعتوفير‬
‫القساط‬
Analysis statistics to estimate premiums ‫بقعتحليل‬
‫التأمين‬ ‫أقساط‬ ‫لتقدير‬ ‫الصحصائيات‬

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• Computer in government
 Public Information‫عامة‬ ‫معلومات‬
Income tax payment ‫بقعتحصيل‬‫الدخل‬ ‫ضريبة‬
Television license payment ‫ترخيص‬ ‫اجور‬ ‫جمع‬
‫الفضائية‬ ‫القنوات‬
Handle social welfare payment form ‫معالجة‬
‫بقعتنظيم‬‫الجتماعى‬ ‫النتعاش‬
 Public Record system ‫عامة‬ ‫معلومات‬ ‫تسجيل‬
Store census record ‫السكان‬ ‫احصاء‬
Store passport detail‫السفر‬ ‫جواز‬ ‫تفاصيل‬ ‫تخزين‬
Vehicle registration listing ‫تسجيل‬‫رخص‬‫المرور‬

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 Administration systems ‫ةمظنأنظمة‬‫ال‬‫أ‬‫دارة‬
Public health warning ‫العامة‬ ‫الصحة‬ ‫تحذير‬
Announce policy documents online ‫وثائق‬ ‫اعلن‬
‫سياسية‬
Notify citizens with government decisions
‫الحكومة‬ ‫بقرارات‬ ‫المواطنين‬ ‫اعلن‬

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• Computer in Hospital
 Patient record system ‫المرضى‬ ‫تسجيل‬
 Providing a medical database ‫بقاعدة‬ ‫التزويد‬‫بيانات‬‫طبية‬
 Medical History of patient ‫العلجى‬ ‫التاريخ‬ ‫تتبع‬
 Tracking treatment cost ‫العلج‬ ‫تكاليف‬ ‫تتبع‬
 Establishing bed availability ‫السرة‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫إحصاء‬
• Computers in Education
 Student register ‫الطلب‬ ‫تسجيل‬
 Computer Based Training [CBT] ‫على‬ ‫القائم‬ ‫التدريب‬‫الكمبيوتر‬
 Distance learning system ‫التعلم‬ ‫نظام‬‫بعد‬ ‫عن‬

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Computer & people
• Computer
– Can sort large amount of
data
– Can carry out complex
calculation accurately
• People
– Customer service‫خدمة‬
‫العملء‬
– Taking decision‫اتخاذ‬
‫القرارات‬
– Motivating the
staff‫العمل‬ ‫فريق‬ ‫تحفز‬

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Environment, Health& safety
 relation between worker and their
environment
– Chair: adjustable, able to move up or down
– Screen : 1) eyes are at the same height as the top of screen
2) use filter attached to screen to reduce glare (‫لخفض‬
‫الشعاع‬ )
– Key board : Use Elbow and wrist support
– Feet : use foot pad to rest the feet
– Mouse : use mouse mate to make mouse easier
– Area is adequately light(‫جيدة‬ ‫اضاءة‬ ) and good ventilated ( ‫تهوية‬
‫جيدة‬ )

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Health Issues‫الصحة‬ ‫قضايا‬
• Reduce the risk of repetitive strain injury by Taking
frequent breaks from the work.(‫المتكرر‬ ‫بالهجهاد‬ ‫الاصابة‬ ‫من‬ ‫التقليل‬ )
• Reduce the risk of neck, back and shoulder pain, by Using a
fully adjustable operator’s chair ‫مخاطر‬ ‫من‬ ‫الحد‬‫آ‬‫لم‬‫الرقبة‬‫والكتف‬ ‫والظهر‬ ))
Environment or good use of computer
• Reuse the cartridge toner
• Any device is on sleep mode (stand by) will save power
• Don’t waste paper
precautions (‫)احتياطات‬
1. Use safety and suitable cable
2. Power point are not over load and are near to computer
3. No run cables across open areas
4. Don’t touching internal parts of the PC

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Health, safety & Environment
• Take frequent break
• Adequate lighting
• Use anti-glare filter
• good level of ventilation
• use suitable chair
• Use Elbow and wrist support
• Secure power cable
• Don’t run cable across open area
• Don’t Touch internal parts of the PC
• Recycle Waste paper
• Use standby option
• Recycle ink / toner cartridge

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Security
• Password
• contain letters and number
• Change regularly
• Ensures that the person logging on is who they say
they are
• ID (user name)
• Must be unique on the network
• Identify specific user on the network
• Not confidential

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organization's information
‫المعلومات‬ ‫امن‬ ‫منظمه‬security policy
• PDA (Protect Data Act) ‫البيانات‬ ‫حمايه‬ ‫قانون‬
 Safe guard of individual privacy‫الرفراد‬ ‫خصوصية‬ ‫حماية‬
 Prevent an unauthorized user to access privacy data
 Protect the individual’s right to privacy‫الشخصية‬ ‫الحقوق‬ ‫حماية‬
Obliges organizations to protect confidential data
within their control‫السرية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫بحماية‬ ‫المنظمات‬ ‫يلزم‬

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Copyright legislation ‫حماية‬ ‫قانون‬
‫الفكرية‬ ‫الملكية‬
• You can’t copy someone’s work and buy it.
• Any material purchased on disk is
copyright.
• Scanned Images & Audio files & Graphics
on the web are subject to copyright

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Freeware & Shareware
•Freeware freely available
Software You can use it for free , you haven't
pay for it
•Shareware for trial period
Software you can try it for free but you have to pay if
you need to keep it.
It is illegal‫قانونى‬ ‫غير‬ if you copy and sell it .

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• Good Antivirus
 Check virus everyday.
Delete email from unknown source.
Putting a virus check in a floppy drive.
Regularly visiting the web sites of your anti
virus software supplier.
Running a virus check on an email attachment.
•Virus program damage files or hard disk
•Antivirus can detect and disinfect Virus