It is thought that polar bears originated from a population of brown.pdf

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It is thought that polar bears originated from a population of brown bears that became geographically isolated during a glaciation event that occurred about 150,000 years ago (Lindqvist et al., 2010). Traditionally the territories of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) and polar bears (Ursus maritimus) did not overlap, as grizzlies ranged from Alaska to Mexico, whereas polar bears stayed on the annual sea ice over the Arctic continental shelf and within the Arctic archipelagos. Relatively recently (last 50 years or so) grizzlies and polar bears have begun to come in contact in the wild. Have you hear of a grolar bear (grizzly dad and polar bear mom) or a pizzly bear (polar bear dad and grizzly mom)? These are the offspring of matings between polar bears and grizzlies. A handful of these animals have been born in zoos and three have been documented in nature. Given the existence of at least a few hybrid grolars or pizzlies in the Arctic environment, do you define Ursus maritimus and Ursus arctos horribilis as separate species based on the biological species concept? Why or why not? Provide an explanation for these observations. Solution Answer Based on Biological Species Concept, the two - Ursus maritimus and Ursus arctos-horribilis can not be regarded as separate species based on the data provided in the question. According to biological species concept, developedby Mayr (1942) \"species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations, which are reproductively isolated from other such groups. If two populations are capable of exchanging genes freely (under go reproduction) either under natural or artificial conditions, the two are said to be the same species. On the other hand, if the two populations are not capable of exchanging genes freely and are reproductively isolated, they should be considered as distinct species..

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Abstract:To fulfill our interest, we tried our best to observe the current status of squirrels in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh there are generally 8 species of squirrels which are different in size, color but same in food habit are found. From them, we observed that Pallas’s Squirrel (Callosciurus erythraeus), Irrawady Squirrel (Callosciurus pygerythrus), Three Stripped Palm Squirrel (Funambulus palmarum) and Five stripped Palm Squirrel (Funambulus pennantii) are widely distributed. A large number of variations were observed during winter and summer as we preferred these 2 seasons for our field study. All of them are frugivorous and sometimes feed on grass flowers too. Sometimes taking Insects as food fulfill the necessity of protein.

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Running head: A VISIT TO NATURE HISTORY MUSEUM OF LA 10 Abdulaziz Alrassi California State University, San Bernardino Date A Visit to Nature History Museum of LA Introduction After visiting the Los Angeles Natural History Museum, I learned so many things concerning the animals that were there in the early days and how they looked like, as well as, how they lived . The Museum has a large paleontological collection that helped me develop a better understanding of the Earth’s biota. The Museum’s collection ranges from fossils to the modern organisms which are collected from the entire world, and it is therefore a good place to begin with when exploring on the paleontological exhibits and other historical items. During the visit at the Museum I learned of a few things that I never knew existed and other facts too that are new. In this article there are a lot of areas and information that are presented showing all the paleontological exhibits and other historical items. Exhibit 1. The Gray Fox The gray fox (Botanical name Urocyon cinereoargenteus) is one of the interesting exhibits I found at the museum. The exhibit on Fray Fox features 4 photographs indicating how the small American mammal survives in the wild. The photograph below (Image 1) shows a Gray Fox family in their burrow. It reflects the legacy of life by clear illustrations of how the Gray Fox adapts to the environment. From what I gathered, the animals are largely monogamous. The photograph shows an ideal family in their broken terrain habitat. Gray foxes opt to live in broken terrain and rocky areas in order to ease the process of making new homes. An adult male is seen overlooking his family that is resting outside their den, probably to show gender roles in the social life of the gray fox. The female (much smaller than the male) lies next to their kit. The fresh soil dug in their burrow shows that their home may be new, indicating that the species may have moved in more than once. Gray foxes diet is comprised of vegetation, small mammals such as mice, and insects. The photograph captures an environment (San Gabriel Mountains, California) capable of meeting the species food needs. Green vegetation provides gray foxes with vegetation foods. Insects feeding on the vegetation are most likely part of the gray fox’s diets. Gray foxes are spread across central USA, Southern Eastern Canada, and Western Venezuela (Reid, 2016). Information obtained from (Reid, 2016) indicates that one of the most peculiar traits of the gray fox is their ability to climb trees in order to evade predators. The strong claws used to dig and remove earth are used to climb trees. This makes them the only species of the dog family with the ability to climb trees. Image 1: Gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus 2. Exhibit 2: Costume won by David. E. Llewelyn Image 2 shows the costume worn by David. E. Llewellyn, an important figure in the 20th century America.Llewellyn (1874-1963) was ...

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A series RL circuit includes a 9.05-V battery, a resistance of R = 0.755 , and an inductance of L = 2.97 H. What is the induced emf 1.33 s after the circuit has been closed? So, basically, I tried solving this equation using an RL circuit formula: I = emf/R(1-e^-t/(L/R)) and used V=IR to solve for the current, for which I plugged it back in to obtain the emf. I got an answer of about 31, which was wrong. If you could help me on this, it would make my day! Solution tau = L/R = 2.97/0.755 = 3.9337 V = V0*e^(-t/tau) V = 9.05*e^(-1.33/3.9337) V = 6.453 V.

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What is the dangling pointer? Explain with a proper example. Solution A dangling pointer is a pointer which nce pointed to some data, but because of memory deallocation, points to an invalid or null data. Example: Suppose we declare and allocate some memory to a pointer: char *temp = malloc(some_size); Then we de-allocate the memory allocated to the pointer temp by, free (temp); After execution of the above statement, temp becomes a dangling pointer..

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What’s Love Got To Do With It? The Evolution of Human Mating By Meredith F. Small Reviewed By Michael S. Kimmel When Tina Turner first bitterly asked “What’s love got to do with it?” her voice was so drenched with pain and regret, the listener knew better than to believe her. Not so Meredith Small. A physical anthropologist whose main research has been on primate mating behavior, Small joins a coterie of such writers as Robert Ardrey, Desmond Morris and Lionel Tiger, who have sought to make evolutionary biology the foundation of studies of sexual behavior. In “What’s Love Got To Do With It,” Small argues that we’re genetically programmed to experience sexual pleasure; hard-wired to search for young, attractive mates; driven to copulate “Way down deep, underneath all the love and lust, underlying the attachment and intimacy, is DNA pushing us along” Like those male writers, she claims that our genetic predisposition toward reproductive success is the driving force of our sex-seeking behavior. And like them, she assumes that sex is a constant, universal and relatively unchanging experience. But unlike them, Small places no value on judgments on the strategies that individuals may adopt to achieve that reproductive success. Women, she argues, are as sexual as men; homosexuality is as “normal” as heterosexuality. Small exposes many of her colleagues’ conclusions as based more on myth than on evolution. Take, for example, the familiar canard that men are “naturally” predisposed toward promiscuity, while women are “naturally” monogamous. Males’ prodigious sperm production, the argument goes, means that it is in men’s interest to fertilize as many women as possible. But women produce only one egg at a time, and gestation and child care take an extraordinarily long time, which means that it is in their interest to mate with only one man for life. Not only do such arguments assume what they are trying to explain, but their assumptions are wrong to begin with. Sperm and eggs do not have little personalities, complete with ambitions and motivations. What’s more, the evidence actually tilts the other way. Female humans are among the only mammals who conceal estrus; that is, they do not go into “heat” when they are sexually receptive. They are potentially sexually receptive all through their cycle. What’s more, a woman has a clitoris, which “exists only to receive and give off sexual pleasure.” What could be the evolutionary function of that? Small argues that it is just as likely that women may be designed to maximize their reproductive chances by promiscuity. If they have sex with a large number of male partners, they can ensure that their offspring will have a significant number of men who believe that they are the father, and who will, therefore, protect the baby and provide it with food. “The ability to move from male to male certainly improves a female’s chance of finding the best genes for her future offspring,” Small writes. Males, by contrast, wo.

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