MSc presentation on endemic species

1. Name - Ajay Bhushan
CLASS – MSc Zoology iii semester
PRESENTATION SUBMMIT TO
Date 15/12/2023
Topic – Endemic species

2. ENDEMIC SPECIES
Endemic by definition stands for a thing that’s only found in a defined physical-geographical
place and not anywhere else in the world. Etymologically, endemic has arisen from two
Greek words ἐν en and δῆμος demos, meaning “in, within” and “people” respectively.

3. ENDEMIC SPECIES
Endemic species are those species that are found only in a limited, restricted,
and defined area or habitat, with no traces of its populations in any other part
of the world.
Augustin Pyramus De Candolle
Swiss botanis
contributed the De Candolle
system as a system of plant
taxonomy. .

4. The panda, with its distinctive black and
white coat, is adored by the world and
considered a national treasure in China.
depending on what part of the bamboo they
are eating. They use their enlarged wrist
bones that function as opposable thumbs..

5. Koalas are not bears—they’re
marsupials. Learn about koalas’
unique traits, including six opposable
“thumbs,” downward-facing pouches,
and an ability to sleep nearly all day in
tree branches.

6. The polar bear is a large bear native to the
Arctic and nearby areas. It is closely related
to the brown bear, and the two species can
interbreed. The polar bear is the largest
extant species of bear and land carnivore

7. Types of Endemism
Paleoendemic species: Paleoendemics means
"ancient endemics" these are the organisms
(animals or plants) that are restricted to an area
because they have died out elsewhere
Neoendemic species: Neoendemism means
that a species has recently appeared which is
closely related to the main species or one that
has formed following hybridization and is now
classified as a separate species

8. Types of Endemism
Paleoendemic species: Paleoendemics means
"ancient endemics" these are the organisms
(animals or plants) that are restricted to an area
because they have died out elsewhere
Neoendemic species: Neoendemism means
that a species has recently appeared which is
closely related to the main species or one that
has formed following hybridization and is now
classified as a separate species

9. Types of Endemism
Paleoendemic species: Paleoendemics means
"ancient endemics" these are the organisms
(animals or plants) that are restricted to an area
because they have died out elsewhere

10. Types of Endemism
For example
species A is widely distributed throughout the
whole mountain range. Any change occurring in the
environmental conditions of the
region, leads to a reduction of the distribution of species A.
Species A does not extinct
entirely; it survives in a small area at the periphery of its
former distribution range.
Now, species A is a known as paleoendemic species of that
area.
Genus Nemacheilus

11. Types of Endemism
Arthropods are invertebrates that are a part of
the phylum Arthropoda. They possess an
exoskeleton with a cuticle made of chitin, often
mineralised with calcium carbonate, a body with
differentiated segments, and paired jointed
appendages.

12. Types of Endemism
Paleoendemic species: Paleoendemics means
"ancient endemics" these are the organisms
(animals or plants) that are restricted to an area
because they have died out elsewhere
Neoendemic species: Neoendemism means
that a species has recently appeared which is
closely related to the main species or one that
has formed following hybridization and is now
classified as a separate species

13. Types of Endemism
Paleoendemic species: Paleoendemics means
"ancient endemics" these are the organisms
(animals or plants) that are restricted to an area
because they have died out elsewhere
Neoendemic species: Neoendemism means
that a species has recently appeared which is
closely related to the main species or one that
has formed following hybridization and is now
classified as a separate species
For example
species B
immigrates to an area and colonizes the upper region
of mountain chain. As a result,
the population of species B gets separated and the
two subpopulations are isolated from
each other. Since the environmental conditions of the
two subpopulations are not
identical they show different adaptations. The
divergent evolution in the subpopulation

14. For example
species B
immigrates to an area and colonizes the upper region
of mountain chain. As a result,
the population of species B gets separated and the
two subpopulations are isolated from
each other. Since the environmental conditions of the
two subpopulations are not
identical they show different adaptations. The
divergent evolution in the subpopulation

15. Characters of endemism
 They are localized in distribution because of their narrow ecological amplitude
and are unable to invade in fresh areas.
 They lack potentially to migrate because of saturate genomes.
 Real endemics never migrate while Neo-endemics have the potential to migrate.
 The dispersal propagules are not able to sustain during migration to other area.
It may be due to physical barriers.

16. Factors Responsible for Endemism

19. Endemism in India

20. Endemism in India
i. Indo-Burma covering Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Tripura and Andaman Islands
ii. Himalaya covering Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, northern part of West
Bengal (Darjeeling), Sikkim, northern part of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.
iii. Western Ghats falls within the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, Maharashtra
and Gujarat. 4. The Sundaland covering the Nicobar Islands
iv. The Sundaland covering the Nicobar Islands

21. Asiatic lions : Asiatic lions are slightly smaller than African
lions The lions face the usual threats of poaching and
habitat fragmentation. Three major roads and a railway
track pass through the Gir Protected Area (PA). Also,
there are three big temples inside the PA that attract
large number of pilgrims, particularly during certain times
of the year.

22. WWF supported barricading of 180 wells with local
partners and Gujarat Forest Derpartment. This
initiative led to doubling the subsidy by the Gujarat
government and many farmers barricaded the wells
with government support.

23. Kashmir Stags The Kashmir Stag (Cervus hanglu
hanglu) is one of the most iconic species of deer in
Kashmir. Locally known as Hangul, these elks have been
a defining part of the region’s cultural heritage for a
long time.

24. Lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus)
Great place to see the lion-tailed macaque: Anaimalai, India
Endemic to the Western Ghats of South India, lion-tailed macaque is
an Old World monkey that’s a diurnal, territorial rainforest dweller. A
good climber that it is, the lion-tailed macaque spends most of its life
in the upper canopies of the moist tropical rainforests.

25. 1. NDIAN PURPLE FROG
it can be found in the western Ghats in India. Names in
English that have been used for this species are: purple
frog, Indian purple frog, or pig noes frog. Although the
adult frog was formally described in October 2003

26. 1. The Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius)
is a type of goat found in the valleys of western Ghats.
This animal finds its habitat at grasslands with steep rocky
shelters. Eravikulam National Park at Munnar protects
Nilgiri Tahr and provides a safe and comfortable
atmosphere for them to live and reproduce. It is the only
Tahr that lives in cold tropical climate.

27. Thankyou