1) Achelousaurus was a genus of ceratopsid dinosaur from 74.2 million years ago in North America. It was a quadrupedal herbivore with parrot-like beaks and bony bosses on its snout and behind its eyes. 2) Megaladapis edwarsi was a large koala lemur on Madagascar that went extinct around 500 years ago due to overhunting by humans. It grew up to 1.5 meters long and weighed up to 75 kg. 3) Aerosteon is a genus of megaraptoran dinosaur from Argentina that shows evidence of a bird-like respiratory system. It lived during the Santonian stage approximately

2. DODO - BIRD
Dodo , a flightless bird found on the island of
Mauritius was exterminated before the end of
the 17th century . Although related to the
pigeons, it was larger than a turkey, with a
bulky body and very short wings and tail.
Flightless and trusting, it was easy prey to
humans.

3. MOA – BIRD
 The moa were nine species of flightless birds endemic to
New Zealand. The two largest species, Dinornis robustus
and Dinornis novaeze landiae, reached about 3.6 m in
height with neck outstretched, and weighed about 230 kg.

4. CAROLINA PARAKEET, GUSTAV MUTZEL
Once abundant, this extinct species nested in large
colonies in the cypress swamps in the South Atlantic
and Gulf States. They migrated up the Mississippi, and
Missouri Rivers to the Platte and regularly to Ohio,
Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin and Nebraska, and in
the east to Pennsylvania. Hunted for their feathers and
slaughtered as pests, the last reported sighting in the
wild was a small flock in Florida in 1920.

5. BACHMAN'S WARBLER, LOUIS AGASSIZ
FUERTES
 A recently extinct species, Bachman's Warblers nested
in the underbrush of forested swamps in the region
bounded by Louisiana up to Kentucky and Maryland,
and over to the Carolinas and Georgia, migrating to
Cuba in winters. None have been seen since the early
1960s in North America and they were listed as
endangered in 1967.

6. SOLITAIRE
 The Rodrigues Solitaire (Pezophaps solitaria) was a
relative of the also extinct Dodo and flightless member
of the pigeon order that lived on the island of Mauritius.
The Solitaire became extinct in the eighteenth century
and its remains were discovered later.

7. LABRADOR DUCK, ELLIOTT COUES
 Egg gatherers raiding the Labrador Duck's nest colonies
on the coasts of Quebec and Labrador probably
diminished their numbers to a point where the species
could not overcome additional stresses and they became
extinct by the late 1870s.

8. KOALA LEMUR MEGALADAPIS EDWARSI
Megaladapis edwarsi grew to 1.5 meters long (5 ft), and weighed up to
approximately 75 kilograms (165 lb), possibly more. Its arms were longer
than its legs, and they were made for climbing trees. It was too large to
leap, and likely spent most of its life on the ground. Megaladapis
edwarsi could have traveled on all fours much like an orangutan.
Humans arrived in Madagascar about 2,000 years ago. Since then, 17
known species of lemur have gone extinct. Megaladapis edwarsi is among
the most notable because of its size. Being so large made it slow and easy to
hunt. Radiocarbon dating shows these koala lemurs went extinct following
European settlement on Madagascar; the last one died about 500 years
ago.

9. JAMAICAN GIANT GALLIWASP
CELESTUS OCCIDUUS
The last recorded sighting of a Jamaican giant galliwasp occurred in 1840.
Also known as a sinking galliwasp, it grew to around 60 centimters (2 ft)
long and terrified locals. Its extinction was likely due to the introduction of
predators—such as the mongoose—in Jamaica. Habitat destruction by
humans may have also played a part in their elimination.
Galliwasps are a subject of fables. Jamaican natives believe the animal is
venomous. After a bite, legend explains, the galliwasp and the person who
was bitten will head for water. The first to reach it will live. The other will
die. This is no longer a worry pertaining specifically to the Jamaican giant
galliwasp, though. This species is believed to have gone extinct more than
a century ago. Very little is known about this swamp-dwelling lizard,
though we can tell it ate fish and fruit. Few specimens exist today.
Bleached and preserved Jamaican giant galliwasps are kept at a small
number of museums.

10. WOOLLY RHINOCEROS
COELODONTA ANTIQUITATIS
 If you’ve ever wondered what a shaggy rhino might look like, the woolly rhinoceros is it.
Fossils up to 3.6 million years old have been recovered from Asia, Europe, and North
Africa—the oldest from Tibet. One woolly rhino’s gigantic horns were originally mistaken
for prehistoric bird claws. Wear indicates woolly rhinos brushed their horns back and forth
on the ground, as modern rhinos do ritualistically. The brushing could have pushed snow
and other natural obstacles out of the rhino’s way.
 Woolly rhinos shared territory with woolly mammoths. Though both were especially
populous in Russia, neither crossed the Bering Strait land bridge into North America.
Woolly rhinos lasted through many centuries. Caves in France show 30,000-year-old
depictions of woolly rhinoceri. They were hunted by primitive humans, and became a
common subject of cave art. A 13,300-year-old spear was found in Siberia in 2014,
crafted from the horn of a mature woolly rhino. It’s believed this creature went extinct at
the end of the most recent ice age approximately 11,000 years ago.

11. SABER-TOOTHED CAT
 Imagine a large cat with fangs so huge they couldn’t even fit in its mouth and you
have a saber-toothed cat. There were many different species of saber-toothed
cats, but one of the best known is the smilodon, which had front teeth nearly 1 foot
(0.3 meters) long!
 The smilodon’s teeth, however, were not very strong. In fact, its teeth were easily
breakable, so instead of using them to hunt, the smilodon caught prey by pouncing
on it with its strong legs. Only when it had its prey pinned down did it use its sharp
teeth to make the kill. The smilodon was an excellent hunter, preying on everything
from bison and camels to ground sloths and mammoths.
 Smilodons and the other saber-toothed cats disappeared after the last ice age, as the
animals they preyed on disappeared as well.

12. SHORT-FACED BEAR
 Before the polar bearand the grizzly bear, there was the short-faced bear,
which could weigh up to 2000 pounds (907 kilograms). It had a short,
broad muzzle which earned it the nickname “bulldog bear”.
 Today’s bears are generally omnivorous, but the short-faced bear was
probably highly carnivorous, hunting steppe horses, antelopes and,
sometimes, dire wolves and smilodons. It could run faster than today’s
bears and had powerful jaws that could crush skulls. It was also a
scavenger.
 The short-faced bear disappeared roughly 11,000 years ago, unable to
compete against grizzly bears and vultures for food. It was also hunted by
humans for fur and meat.

13. DIRE WOLF
 The dire wolf, featured in fantasy books and games today, was the
largest wolf ever. It was 25% larger than today’s gray wolf — about
5 feet (1.5 meters) long and weighing nearly 175 pounds (79
kilograms). Imagine an animal that size hunting in packs of thirty!
 The dire wolf also had sharper teeth, wider jaws and a more
powerful bite-force than thegray wolf, powerful enough to crush
skulls. It preyed on wild horses, sloths, mastodons, bison and
camels. Since many of these prey animals died after the ice age, the
dire wolf died out shortly afterward.

14. ABYDOSAURUS
Abydosaurus (meaning "Abydos lizard") is
a genus of brachiosaurid sauropod dinosaur known from skull
and postcranial material found in upper Lower Cretaceous rocks of
northeastern Utah, United States. Abydosaurus is one of the few
sauropods known from skull material, with the first described
complete skull for a Cretaceous sauropod from the Americas. It is also
notable for its narrow teeth, as earlier brachiosaurids had broader
teeth.
Abydosaurus is based on DINO 16488, a nearly complete skull and
lower jaws with the first four neck vertebrae. Abundant skull and
postcranial bones were found at the same site, including partial skulls
from three additional individuals, a partial hip and associated tail
vertebrae, a shoulder blade, an upper arm bone, and hand bones. These
fossils were found in a sandstone bed at the base of the Mussentuchit
Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation, near the old visitor center
of Dinosaur National Monument. Zircons from mudstones beneath the
bone-bearing sandstone indicate the age of the sandstone and the its
contained bones is less than 104.46 ± 0.95 million years, in
the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous.

15. AMPELOSAURUS
Ampelosaurus is a titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur hailing from
the Late Cretaceous Period of what is now Europe. Its type species
is A. atacis, named by Le Loeuff in 1995. A possible unnamed
species has given Ampelosaurus an age reaching to the latest
Cretaceous, from about 70 to 66 million years ago.
Like most sauropods, it would have had a long neck and tail but it
also carried armor in the form of osteoderms. Over 500 bones have
been assigned to Ampelosaurusand all but the braincase (assigned
to A. sp.) has been assigned to A. atacis. They are assigned to the
same species because all the differences in the limb proportions
have been linked to individual variation. A. atacis is known from a
few, well-preserved teeth and some cranial material. A
right scapula was discovered associated with acoracoid. The blade
of the scapula, contrary to most titanosaurs, is triangular. The blade
narrows at one end instead of showing an expansion like most
other genera. A. atacis is also known from a pubis about 75
centimetres (30 in) long and an ilium. Aside from that, it is known
from a partial forelimb, and many femora.

16. ALXASAURUS
Alxasaurus is
a genus of therizinosauroid alxasaurid theropod dinosaur from
the Early Cretaceous Period of Inner Mongolia. It is one of the
earliest known members of the superfamily Therizinosauroidea,
but it already possessed the body shape - including the long neck,
short tail, and long hand claws - of later therizinosauroids. Like
other members of this group, it was a bipedal herbivore with a
large gut to process plant material. Several specimens are known
and the largest was a little over 12 feet (3.8 m) long.

17. AEROSTEON
Aerosteon is a genus of megaraptoran dinosaur from the Late
Cretaceous period of Argentina. Its remains were discovered in
1996 in the Anacleto Formation, dating to the Santonian stage
(about 84 million years ago). The type and only known species is A.
riocoloradense. Its specific name indicates that its remains were
found 1 km north of the Río Colorado, in Mendoza Province,
Argentina.
They show evidence of a bird-like respiratory system.Aerosteon's
name can be translated as air bone and derives from Greek and
(osteon, "bone"). Though the species name was originally published
as "riocoloradensis", Greek ὀστέον is neuter gender, so according to
the ICZN the species name must beriocoloradense to match.

18. AGUSTINIA
 Agustinia is a genus of sauropod dinosaurs from the Early
Cretaceous Period of South America. It contains the single
species Agustinia ligabuei, a single specimen of which was recovered from
the Lohan Cura Formation of Neuquen Province in Argentina, thought to
date from the late Aptian to Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous Period,
between 116 and 100 million years ago.
 The name Agustinia honors the discoverer of the specimen, Agustin
Martinelli. This dinosaur was originally named in a 1998 abstract written
by famous Argentine paleontologist Jose Bonaparte. The original generic
name was "Augustia", which, as it turned out, was already preoccupied by
a beetle (see also: Megapnosaurus,Protognathosaurus). Bonaparte changed
the name to Agustinia in a full paper published in 1999. There is one
named species (A. ligabuei), which is named in honor of Dr. Giancarlo
Ligabue, a philanthropist who provided financial support to the expedition
which recovered the remains.

19. ALBERTOSAURUS
Albertosaurus ; meaning "Alberta lizard" is a genus
of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaurs that lived in western North
America during the LateCretaceous Period, about 70 million years
ago. The type species, A. sarcophagus, was apparently restricted
in range to the modern-day Canadian province of Alberta, after
which the genus is named. Scientists disagree on the content of
the genus, with some recognizing Gorgosaurus libratus as a
second species. As a tyrannosaurid, Albertosaurus was
a bipedal predator with tiny, two-fingered hands and a massive
head that had dozens of large, sharp teeth. It may have been at
the top of the food chain in its local ecosystem. Although
relatively large for a theropod, Albertosaurus was much smaller
than its more famous relative Tyrannosaurus, probably weighing
less than 2 metric tons.

20. AARDONYX
Aardonyx (Afrikaans aard, "earth" + Greek onux, "nail, claw") is
a genus of prosauropod dinosaur. It is known from the type species
Aardonyx celestae found from the Lower Jurassic Elliot
Formation of South Africa. A. celestae was named after Celeste Yates,
who prepared much of the first known fossil material of the species. It
has arm features that are intermediate between prosauropods
and sauropods.Based on the structure of the hind limbs and pelvic
girdle of Aardonyx, the dinosaur normally moved bipedally but could
drop to quadrupedal movement similar to Iguanodon. It shares some
attributes with giant quadrupedal sauropods
like Apatosaurus. Australian paleontologist Adam Yates and his team's
discovery of the genus was published online before print
in Proceedings of the Royal Society B in November 2009, and was
scheduled to appear in the March 2010 issue.British
paleontologist Paul Barrett of theNatural History Museum, London,
who was not involved in the research, commented that the discovery
of Aardonyx "helps to fill a marked gap in our knowledge of sauropod
evolution, showing how a primarily two-legged animal could start to
acquire the specific features necessary for a life spent on all-fours"

21. ABRICTOSAURUS
 Abrictosaurus ; "wakeful lizard“ is
a genus of heterodontosaurid dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Period of
what is now southern Africa. It was a smallbipedal herbivore or omnivore,
approximately 1.2 meters (4 feet) long, and weighing less than
45 kilograms (100 pounds).
 This dinosaur is known from the fossil remains of only two individuals,
found in the Upper Elliot Formation of Qacha's Nek District in Lesotho
and Cape Province in South Africa. The Upper Elliot is thought to date
from the Hettangian and Sinemurian stages of the Early Jurassic Period,
approximately 200 to 190 million years ago. This formation is thought to
preserve sand dunes as well as seasonal floodplains, in
a semiarid environment with sporadic rainfall. Other dinosaurs found in
this formationinclude the theropod Megapnosaurus,
the sauropodomorph Massospondylus, as well as other
heterodontosaurids like Heterodontosaurus and Lycorhinus. Remains
ofterrestrial crocodylomorphs, cynodonts and early mammals are also
abundant.

22. ACHELOUSAURUS
 Achelousaurus"Achelous's lizard") is
a genus of centrosaurine ceratopsid dinosaurs from the Late
Cretaceous Period of what is now North America, dated to 74.2
million years ago. They were quadrupedal herbivores with parrot-
like beaks, rough bosses (raised bony areas) on their snouts and one
pair behind their eyes, and a pair of horns on the end of their long
bony frills. With body lengths of up to six meters (20 feet) and a
weight of three tonnes,Achelousaurus were medium-sized
ceratopsians.

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