It cad&cam report

ROLE OF CAD/CAM IN DESIGNING DEVELOPING AND MANUFACTURING OF NEW PRODUC
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR HOTEL MANAGEMENT & CATERING
TECHNOLOGY
NCHM INSTITUTE OF HOSPITALITY, NOIDA
An assignment titled “ROLE OF CAD/CAM IN DESIGNING DEVELOPING AND
MANUFACTURING OF NEW PRODUCTS” under “INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM & HOSPITALITY” (MHA-04) is submitted to the NCHM - IH, Noida in
partial fulfilment of the course requirement of the 1st Semester of M.Sc. in
Hospitality Administration program.
Submitted By -
Name: SANDHYA
1st Semester M.SC IN HA
Roll No: 1921122033
Date of submission:
Signature: …………….
Under the guidance of:
MR. Ankit Mishra
Faculty - INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM & HOSPITALITY”
(MHA-04)
NCHM-IH
A-34, Sector 62,
Noida, Uttar Pradesh.

ROLE OF CAD/CAM IN DESIGNING, DEVELOPING AND MANUFACTURINGOF NEW
PRODUCTS
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National Council for Hotel Management and Catering
Technology
NCHM- Institute of Hospitality, NOIDA
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM & HOSPITALITY
(MHA-04)
A Report
On
“ROLE OF CAD/CAM IN DESIGNING DEVELOPING AND
MANUFACTURING OF NEW PRODUCTS”
Presented By:
SANDHYA

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The study is conducted by assistance of several individuals. We really
appreciated their and here by thank them. We would like to give special thanks
to the following people.
1. Firstly, I would like to thank Mr. Ankit Mishra who had supervised the
study and guided us in doing the assignment. His presence and assistance
was remarkable and so I am grateful to him.
2. Secondly, I would like to thank all other people who provided me with
the resources to conductmy study. Their help and assistances was very
valuable and so I would like to acknowledge them as well.
Overall all the above mentioned people had a great role in my study.
Name of the student: Sandhya
Signature:

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TABLE OF CONTENT
S.NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.
1. ABSTRACT 3
2. INTRODUCTION 4
3. OBJECTIVE &AIMS 17
4. LITERATURE REVIEW 18
5. TECHNOLOGY USED 20
6. CONCEPT 22
7. CONCLUSION 23
8. REFERENCE 24

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ROLE OF CAD/CAM IN DESIGNING, DEVELOPING AND
MANUFACTURING OF NEW PRODUCTS
ABSTRACT
Smart CAD/CAM technologies for superior product modelling in the intelligence
of designing complete product variants become more and more pertinent in
future. Many design techniques to help interdisciplinary design actions in
different engineering domains in addition to consequent processes have to be
developed. A necessary job to achieve this aim is to permanently investigate the
present state of the art, emerging trends, new approaches, in addition to industrial
problems and requirements about the entire CAD/CAM area. With the aim of
direct future research and development activities as close as possible to the
continuously rising requirements of a worldwide market we carried out a wide-
ranging national study in cooperation with one of the Germans leading
CAD/CAM magazines. In this way, it became possible to reach a representative
amount of users, to obtain their experience based assessments on today’s most
important aspects of CAD/CAM technology. The results of this examination are
summarized in this paper to give system developers, engineers, and researchers
an overview of the present condition as well as to serve as a direction for decision
makers in the Design and Development areas. In as much for speed to customers
desires change and large completion that describeday world. To lead technology
and operations technology to form general, to achieve competitive advantage and
special form design technology is master key to determine nature and form
product, and what tolerable quality levels that work fit productto uses, and all of
features and preferences determine through design technology. For importance
CAD/CAM subject, we introduce in this research that offer primary components
to CAM system, and styles this system to achieve details work steps, and details
design steps. Fromwithin completely program in (AutoCAD) system with details
steps to how design transportation to manufacturing operations to series achieve
to desired product. With offer conclusions that fitness between CAD and CAM
to introduce direction communication between design and manufacturing lead to
mistakes reduction to large ratio.
Keywords: CAD/CAM; CIM; CAPP; Product development; Design and
Manufacture.

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INTRODUCTION
CAD/CAM (computer-aided design and computer aided manufacturing) refers to
computer software that is used to both design and manufacture products. CAD is
the use ofcomputertechnology fordesign and design documentation. CAD/CAM
applications are used to both design a product and program manufacturing
processes, specifically, CNC machining. CAM software uses the models and
assemblies created in CAD software to generate toolpaths that drive the machines
that turn the designs into physical parts. CAD/CAM software is most often used
for machining of prototypes and finished parts.
History of CAD Highlights:
PRONTO 1957
Built by Patrick Hanratty, this was the first commercial
numerical-control programming system, sparked
everything that is CAD.
Sketchpad 1960
Built by Ivan Sutherland, this was the first to ever use a
total graphic user interface, users wrote with a light pen
on an x-y pointer display, let users constrain properties

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in a drawing, created the use of “objects”and
“instances”.
ADAM 1971
Built by Patrick Hanratty, this interactive graphic design,
drafting and manufacturing systemwas written in Fortran
and designed to work on virtually every machine, a huge
hit that went on to be updated to work on 16 and 32-bit
computers, today 80% of CAD programs can be traced
back to the roots of ADAM.
IGES 1980
Let’s users transfer their 3D designs between CAD
software programs, once STEP was released IGES did
not get updated anymore, on its way out but still accepted
in many places.
CATIA 1981
byDassault Systems – Multi platform CAD software, still
in use today.
AutoCAD 1982
by Autodesk, this was the first 2D design CAD software
made for PCs instead of mainframe computers or
minicomputers.
Pro/Engineer1987
Now PTC Creo, this was the first mainstream CAD
program that took the ideas of Sketchpad (Interactive,
easy to use, fast) and made it come to life, based on solid
models, history-based features, and the use ofconstraints,
this was a huge turn in CAD history because it
completely knocked out any competition, others were
written in Fortran and assembler this was written in
UNIX’s X-Windows which made it faster and user
friendly.

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Autodesk
AutoCAD
R13
1994
Made the Autodesk program 3D compatible.
STEP 1994
Took over from IGES as the new format to use when
transferring 3D models from one to another, 1994 was the
initial release of STEP that made it an international
standard for models, still the most used format.
SolidWorks
95
1995
by Dassault Systems – Another software that succeeded
in ease of use, allowed more engineers than ever to take
advantage of 3D CAD technology.
Solid Edge 1995
by Siemens Made as a PLM software (ProductLifecycle
Management), functions on Windows, provides solid
modelling, assembly modelling, and 2D orthographic
view, response to the success of SolidWorks.
Autodesk
Inventor
1999
Autodesk’s new direction, tried to be more intuitive and
simple, also allowed the creation of complex assemblies
in record time, still in use, really upped the game in the
CAD world.
Autodesk
360
2012 Moved CAD to the cloud.

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COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)
CAD is the process of utilizing computers to create and edit design models and
drawings. CAD systems are powerful tools and are used in the design and
geometric modeling of components and products Drawings are generated at
workstations and the design is displayed on the monitor. Designer can
conceptualize the part to be designed on the graphics screen and can modify
particular design to meet specific design requirements.

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Activity of CAD process includes mass properties, FEA, dimensioning,
tolerance, assembly modeling, generating shaded images, documentation &
drafting. CAD Technology is faster than conventional methods, easy to develop
the model and associated drafting, possible to manipulate various dimension,
attributes and distance of drawing, accurately calculate the geometric properties,
easy to modify a model, use of standard components (part libraries) and provide
3D (three dimensional) visualization. Existing CAD software available in the
market is AutoCAD, Pro Engineer, Solid Works, CATIA, Unigraphics and I-
DEAS.
Computer-aided design (CAD) is the use of Computer technology for the design
of objects, real or virtual. CAD often involves more than just shapes. As in the
manual drafting of technical and engineering drawings, the output of CAD often
must convey also symbolic information suchas materials, processes,dimensions,
and tolerances, according to application-specific conventions.
CAD may be used to design curves and figures in two-dimensional ("2D") space;
or curves, surfaces, or solids in three-dimensional ("3D") objects. CAD is an
important industrial art extensively used in many applications, including
automotive, shipbuilding, and aerospace industries, industrial and architectural
design, prosthetics, and many more. CAD is also widely used to produce
computer animation for special effects in movies, advertising and technical
manuals. The modern ubiquity and power of computers means that even perfume
bottles and shampoo dispensers are designed using techniques unheard of by
shipbuilders of the 1960s. Because of its enormous economic importance, CAD
has been a major driving force for research in computational geometry, computer
graphics (both hardware and software), and discrete differential geometry.

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Types of CAD software. There is various types CAD software like:
• 2D CAD
• 3D CAD
There are multiple types of 3D CAD software –
 Wire-frame models- This software creates skeleton like models with lines
and arcs.
 Surface models- The surface models are created by joining 3D surfaces.
The surface models usually have no background. Thus, images are more
realistic.
 Solid Models- this is very similar to surface models, but it has someadded
properties like volume, weight, similar to any physical objects.
 Some of the common types of CAD software that are popular in the
market includes the names like :
• ARES
• DWG Editor
• COMMANDER
• CADIAN etc.

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COMPUTER-AIDED MANUFACTURING (CAM)
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) is the use of computer-based software
tools that assistengineers and machinists in manufacturing orprototyping product
components and tooling. Its primary purpose is to create a faster production
process and components and tooling with more precise dimensions and material
consistency, which in some cases, uses only the required amount of raw material
(thus minimizing waste), while simultaneously reducing energy consumption.
CAM is a programming tool that makes it possible to manufacture physical
models using computer-aided design (CAD) programs. CAM creates real life
versions of components designed within a software package. CAM was first used
in 1971 for car body design and tooling.
In a globally competitive environment, time compression strategies in product
development are of critically importance. Certain products have long
development cycle times. Examples are aircraft and automobiles. In some of the
products like computers, technological obsolescence puts a constraint on the
product development time. As soon as a new microprocessor is released in the
market, the manufacturers of the computers via with each other to market
computers based on the new processor. Frequent releases of newer and newer
microprocessors have consistently narrowed down the product life cycle of
computers. The pursuit of excellence in performance has resulted in new
technologies being developed in entertainment electronics. The life cycle of
entertainment electronic products is thus reduced, thereby necessitating new

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products beingdelivered to the market at reduced intervals. The time compression
in product development has also necessitated:
 Avoidance of design errors, rework of components and tooling,
 Better data management,
 Improved supply chain management,
 Attaining higher and higher levels of performance,
It is said that first industry revolution was experienced in eighteenth century when
attempts were made to substitute muscle power by mechanical energy. The world
is now passing through second industrial revolution with the fantastic advance
occurring continuously in the field of electronics and computer science and the
computer substituting human brain in the control of machine and industrial
process. The manufacturing scene today is undergoing a revolution. The mass
production of any product or component economically is possible. Due to high
cost of material, any waste of material during manufacturing is intolerable. To
meet these requirements, there is rapidly growing need for improved
communication and feedback between the manufacturing and design process,
integrating them into a single system capable of being optimized as a whole. The
use of computer in manufacturing process is the answer to meet this requirement
and objectives. (CIM) computer integrated manufacturing is a recent technology
being tried in advance computer and it comprises a combination of software and
hardware for product design, product planning, product control, product
equipment and product process. In this CIM technology CAD/CAM play an
effective role. CAD/CAM system is ideally suited for designing and
manufacturing mechanical components of free from complex 2-dimensional and
3-dimensional shapes. CAD/CAM technology plays an important role in
functioning of robots. InCAD/CAM system the robotwork data is prepared from
CAD data from the first designing process. This system is a kind of off-line
teaching system. Since an actual robotis not used to input data for path creation,
the coordinate system data must be corrected and simulations necessary before
loading a created data. Robots areinevitable for application in the field where the
work is extremely difficult or impossible for human being to perform. Some of
suchexamples are: Work requiring speed, precisionor function exceeding human
ability, or that which requires entering a sterile environment, vacuum, outer
space, or around a nuclear reactor, places that a man cannot enter easily or at all.
CAD (computer-aided design)

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Application of CAD/CAM technology has been a breakthrough regarding the
technical application of computer technologies for manufacturing products in the
most efficient manner, high quality and minimum cost. With the constant
development of modern manufacturing, advanced manufacturing technologies
increasingly impose great impacts upon these techniques thereby, proposing
higher requirements for the research on and development of CAD/CAM and its
application in product designand manufacture more significantly in the tooling
designs for processes such as investment casting which requires large number
of human-controlled parameters, and therefore involves many changes in
tooling and process parameters before producing satisfactory parts. Computer
Aided Design (CAD) refers to the use of computer technology for the design of
objects, real or virtual. The design of geometric object shapes, in particular, is
often called computer-aided geometric design (CAGD). However, CAD often
involves more than just shapes, as in the manual drafting of technical and
engineering drawings, the output of CAD often must convey also symbolic
information suchas materials, processes, dimensions, and tolerances, according
to application-specific conventions . On the other hand, Computer-Aided
Manufacturing (CAM) involves the use of computer-based softwaretools that
assist engineers and machinists in manufacturing or prototyping product
components. CAM may also be referred to the use of a computer to assist in all
operations of a manufacturing plant, including planning, management,
transportation and storage, its primary purpose is to create a faster production
process and components with more precise dimensions [3-5]. Integration plays

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an increasingly important role in CAD/CAM systems and as such the technology
has rapidly developed and widely spread in manufacturing industries. The
Current major commercial CAD/CAM systems, such as Unigraphics, Pro/E,
IDEAS, CATIA, etc. have many specialized modules packed together and
running on their own proprietary databases. These systems have both CAD and
CAM capabilities and the geometric data from CAD can be used in the CAM
module without any conversion. Throughout the history of our industrial society,
many inventions have been patented and whole new technologies have evolved.
Perhaps the single development that has impacted manufacturing more quickly
and significantly than any previous technology is the digital computer. Computers
are being used increasingly for both design and detailing of engineering
components in the drawing office. Computer-aided design(CAD) is defined as
the application of computers and graphics software to aid or enhance the product
design from conceptualization to documentation. CAD is most commonly
associated with the use of an interactive computer graphics system, referred to as
a CAD system. Computer-aided design systems are powerful tools and in the
mechanical design and geometric modelling of products and components. There
are several good reasons for using a CAD system to support the engineering
design function:
 To increase the productivity
 To improve the quality of the design · To uniform design standards
 To create a manufacturing data base
 To eliminate inaccuracies caused by hand-copying of drawings and
inconsistency between drawings

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Computer-aided manufacturing(CAM) is defined as the effective use
computer technology in manufacturing planning and control. CAM is most
closely associated with functions in manufacturing engineering, such as
process and production planning, machining, scheduling, management,
quality control, and numerical control(NC) part programming. Computer-
aided design and computer-aided manufacturing are often combined
CAD/CAM systems. This combination allows the transfer of information
from the design into the stage of planning for the manufacturing of a
product, without the need to renter the data on part geometry manually. The
database developed during CAD is stored; then it is processed further, by
CAM, into the necessary data and instructions for operating and controlling
production machinery, material handling equipment, and automated testing
and inspection for product quality. The term CAD/CAM is a shortening of
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing
(CAM). The term CAD/NC (Numerical Control) is equivalent in some
industries. CAD/CAM software uses CAD drawing tools to describe
geometries used by the CAM portion of the program to define a tool path
that will direct the motion ofa machine toolto machine the exact shape that
was drawn.

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The rationale for CAD/CAM is similar to that used to justify any technology-
based improvement in manufacturing. It grows out of a need to continually
improve productivity, quality and competitiveness. There are also other reasons
why a company might make a conversion from manual processesto CAD/CAM:
Increased productivity, Better quality, Better communication, Common database
with manufacturing, Reduced prototype construction casts, Faster response to
customers
CAD/CAM HARDWARE
The hardware part of a CAD/CAM system consists of the following components
 one or more design workstations,
 digital computer,
 plotters and other output devices,
 storage devices.
CAD/CAM system would have a communication interface to permit transmission
of data to and from other computer systems, thus enabling some of the benefits
of computer integration. The workstation is the interface between computer and
user in the CAD system. The design of the CAD workstation and its available
features have an important influence on the convenience, productivity, and
quality ofthe user´s output. The workstation must include a digital computer with
a high-speed control processing unit(CPU). It contains require a and
logic/arithmetic section for the system. The most widely used secondary storage
medium in CAD/CAM is the hard disk, floppydiskette, ora combination ofboth..
Input devices are generally used to transfer information from a human or storage
medium to a computer where ¨CAD functions¨ are carried out. There are two
basic approaches to input an existing drawing: model the object on a drawing or
digitize the drawing. Thestandard output device for CAD/CAM is a CRT display.
There are two major of CRT displays: random-scan-line-drawing displays and
raster-scan displays. In addition to CRT, there are also plasma panel displays and
liquid-crystal displays.

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CAD/CAM SOFTWARE
Software allows the human user to turn a hardware configuration into a powerful
design and manufacturing system. CAD/CAM software falls into two broad
categories,2-D and 3-D, based on the number of dimensions are called 2-D
representations of 3-D objects is inherently confusing. Equally problem has been
the inability of manufacturing personnel to properly read and interpret
complicated 2-D representations of objects. 3-D software permits the parts to be
viewed with the 3-D planes-height, width, and depth-visible. The trend in
CAD/CAM is toward 3-D representation of graphic images. Such representation
approximate the actual shape and appearance of the object to be produced;
therefore, they are easier to read and understand.

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APPLICATIONS OF CAD/CAM
The emergence of CAD/CAM has had a major impact on manufacturing, by
standardizing product development and by reducing design effort, try out, and
prototype work; it has made possible significantly reduced costs and improved
productivity. Some typical applications of CAN/CAM are as follows:
Programming for NC, CNC, and industrial robots;Design of dies and moulds for
casting, in which, for example, shrinkage allowances are pre-programmed;
Design of tools and fixtures and EDM electrodes; Quality controland inspection-
for instance, coordinate-measuring machines programmed on a CAD/CAM
workstation; Process planning and scheduling. AutoCAD is a computer-aided
drafting and design system implemented on a personal computer. It supports a
large number of devices. Device drivers come with the system and include most
of the digitizers, printer/plotters, video display boards, and plotters available on
the market. AutoCAD supports 2-D drafting and 3-D wire-frame models. The
system is designed as a single-user CAD package. The drawing elements are
lines, polylines of any width, arcs, circles, faces, and solids. There are many ways
to define a drawing element. For example, a circle can be defined by centre and
its radius, three points, and two end points of its diameter. The system always
prompts the user for all options. Of course, the prompt can be turned off by

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advanced users. Annotation and dimensioning are also supported. Text and
dimension symbols can be placed on anywhere on the drawing, at any angle, and
at any size. A variety of fonts and styles are also available.
OBJECTIVE
At the end of this module, the student should be able to:
 Basic tools of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM)
 To prepare the student to be an effective user of a CAD/CAM system.
 Introduction of computer has resulted in a better and consistent quality
product at reduced costs
 CAD has enable creation of assemblies and parts in the computer, there
analysis, optimization, stimulating the functionality, aesthetic
requirements etc.
 It has resulted lead time in the design office.
 Easy referencing and material of earlier design, data and information.

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 Time forchanging design and updating documentis reduced considerably.
 Designer is relived from routine work and is allowed more time for
creative tasks. Dependence on design subcontractors is reduced.
 Design personal can be used effectively for long term tasks like creating
standard database, preparing parametric designs etc.
 The data created at design stage can be used in manufacturing database
and other planning and machine control functions.
 CAD techniques provide the design engineer a new powerful tool
depending on degree of integration with other activities like design
verification, finite element analysis, machines, mould flow analysis, solid
and surface modelers, documentation, computer aided process planning,
shop floor data collection, production control etc.
 CAD/CAM has resulted improved productivity in design engineering and
manufacturing, and productivity gain results in reduction of costand cycle
time, improvement in quality.
 Utilizes the design database to arrive at the qualitative analysis of the
product.
 Drawing and design of a particular product (and chose (PLATE) in the
program AUTOCAD and then save and share product data file format
within the software and configure a database for this product which
represents the coordinates of the points that make up the product and all
the dimensions and specifications of its own. 3 - And then be sent to the
program prepared in (CAD) to the machine (to manufacturing-CAM) by
the Master CAM program by simulation which saves a lot of time and
effort.
LITERATURE & REVIEW
CAD/CAM called as Computer Aided Design/ Computer Aided Manufacturing
was introduced to dentistry in the mid-1980s. CAD/CAM restoration fabrication
is available as bothchairside and chair side- laboratory. In the past20 years, there
have been new developments in dental materials and computer technology which
has led to success of CAD/CAM technology. The developments of information
technology has helped us to devise and build 3D models, based on virtual
prototypes with the help of a computer numerical control (CNC) device.
Computers can now be used to create accurately detailed projects projects that
can assessed from different perspective in a process known as computer aided

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design (CAD). To materialize virtual objects using CAD, A computer aided
manufacturing
(CAM) process has been developed. CAM operates using a machine connected
to a computer (CAM) process has been developed. CAM operates using a
machine connected to a computer to convert a virtual file into a real object.
CAD/CAM technology employs a non-invasive three dimensional (3D) imaging
system. Industrial world has witnessed significant improvements in product
design and manufacturing since the advent of computer aided design (CAD) and
computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies. Although CAD and CAM
have been significantly developed over the last three decades, they have
traditionally been treated as separate activities. Many designers use CAD with
little understanding of CAM. This sometimes results in design of nonmachinable
components or use of expensive tools and difficult operations to machine non-
crucial geometries. In many cases, design must be modified several times,
resulting in increased machining lead times and cost. Therefore, great savings in
machining times and costs can be achieved if designers can solve machining
problems of the products at the design stage. This can only be achieved through
the use of fully integrated CAD/CAM systems. The need to integrate CAD and
CAM has long been recognised and many systems have been developed. Kalat
and Davies [1994] developed an IGES pre-processorto integrate CAD and CAPP
for turned components. In a different work, a rule-based system was developed
by Jacobs et al., [1991], for converting engineering drawings into numerically
controlled machine programs for two dimensional 12 punch objects. Lye and Yeo
[1992] and Thakkar et al., [1993] developed integrated CAD/CAM systems for
design and manufacture of turned components. The fact is that CAD/CAM has
close to five decades of history stretching almost as far back as the computer.
CAD/CAM, like the digital computer, had its inception in the military. In the mid-
1950s the U.S. Air Force began testing an air defence system known as SAGE
(Semi-Automatic Ground Environment) to graphically depict data received on
radar systems. The first computer actually rendering a program, SAGE was
conceived at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In 1960, computer
scientists at MIT produced yet another project called Sketchpad, an application
that is now considered to bethe first design program with industrial use. A similar
program sprouted up at General Motors soonafter. At that time, mainframes were
still large enough to take up entire rooms. During the 1960's CAD/CAM
technology continued to evolve and spread to other areas. Automotive companies
were the first to adoptthe technology, and used it primarily to design automobile

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bodies. It then quickly spread to other sectors of industry, which were only too
eager to abandon traditional pen and paper methods of drafting. By 1973,
CAD/CAM was being used to design industrial tools. Midway through the
decade, the 19-inch monitor came out, which meant that drawings could be
viewed larger than the previous standard of 11 inches. In the last half of the 70's,
solid modelling software became available. It allowed users to take "geometric
13 primitives" (basic geometric shapes such as boxes and cones) and combine
them using Boolean operations.
In 1982, Autodesk made CAD/CAM history when it released the first version of
AutoCAD, which soon became the premiere software platform for automobile
design. The need to integrate CAD and CAM has long been recognised and many
systems have been developed. However, fully CAD/CAM integration is not yet
achieved. The process ofintegration of CAD and CAM has been relatively slow
in comparison with the developments made in each of these technologies.
Researchers believe that the slowness of the integration over the recent decades
is essentially attributable to the incompatibility of database formats and the lack
of common languages. The developed systems can only be considered as islands
of integration and still there is a missing link fully integrating these two
technologies. In recent years, many researchers have been contributing their part
towards the integration of CAD/CAM and this chapter presents a review of their
work.
TECHNOLOGY USED
 It can be used to produce either two-dimensional or three-dimensional
diagrams, which can then when rotated to be viewed from any angle, even
from the inside looking out. A special printer or plotter is usually required
for printing professional design renderings.
 To produce detailed engineering designs through 3-D and 2-D
drawings of the physical components of manufactured products.
 To create conceptual design, product layout, strength and dynamic
analysis of assembly and the manufacturing processes themselves.
 To prepare environmental impact reports, in which computer-aided
designs are used in photographs to produce a rendering of the
appearance when the new structures are built.

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 CAD systems exist today forall ofthe major computerplatforms, including
Windows, Linux, Unix and Mac OS X.
 CAM software is mostly used by an engineer, CAM is used by a trained
machinist. These machinists are highly skilled and are equivalent to a
computer engineer.
 CAD /CAM is software used to design products such as electronic circuit
boards and models in computers and other devices.
 CAD is used to accomplish preliminary design and layouts, design details
and calculations, creating 3-D models, creating and releasing drawings, as
well as interfacing with analysis, marketing, manufacturing, and end-user
personnel.
CREATING 3-D MODELS
DRAWINGS OF THE PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF
MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS.

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CONCEPT
To help small manufacturing companies in selecting a CAD/CAM system by
seeking out and grouping new technologies, and evaluating system and company
selection criteria. Many times companies do not have the time or the capabilities
to perform in-depth research in seeking out new tools to aid their design or
manufacturing processes. Theproblem is compounded by the fact that these new
technologies have beenevolving at an accelerated rate. Systems evolve frequently
with new features making it difficult for users to know what advancements are
available. Companies also need to know what criterion is important in selecting
a CAD/CAM system. This involves evaluating a company's needs in order to
facilitate proper selection. A purchased system also must meet certain
requirements in orderto minimize risk and maximize efficiency. The significance
of accumulating this criteria together will enable 3 companies to efficiently select
a system that meets their needs, while also capitalizing on a CAD/CAM system's
utilities and feature Computer Aided Design is a joining of human and machine,
working together to optimize design and manufacture of products. Computers
allow designers to graphically test ideas in real time without having to create real
prototypes. This reduces engineering costs for an Original Equipment
Manufacturer, and also results in products getting to market faster. (Partnerships,
acquisitions highlight hot CAD/CAM market, 1999) Non-technical team
members from management to marketing can work side by side with engineers
to view,

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CONCLUSION
A study the role of advanced CAD/CAM technologies in modern manufacturing
industries. This present methodologies are being used and the future oriented
methodologies will be preferred. CAD/CAM designers have been asked to rate
several smart CAD/CAM technologies in respect to designing, developing and
manufacturing. Furthermore, problems in reverence to the consciousness of
product variant design have been discussed. The recent development of
technology of designing and manufacturing forproductdesignand manufacturing
increasingly inflict impacts upon smart CAD/CAM technologies, proposing
greater requirements for the research on and growth of CAD/CAM and CIM
Technology in modern manufacturing industries. The construction of a CAD /
CAM integrated provides a direct connection between the design and
manufacturing processes;the goal of the system CAD / CAM not only automate
certain phases ofdesign and manufacturing, but also automate the transition from
design to manufacturing. n current scenario CAD/CAM
technology has become a core part of dentistry with more number of restorations
being fabricated. With the advancement taking place digital systems and CAD/
CAM has the potential to replace the conventional technologies. With this
restorations can be fabricated quickly, with better properties and aesthetic
demands of the patient. Knowledge about the types and uses of CAM/CAM
technology, the last two decades, exciting new development in material and
computer technology have led to the success of computer Aided design/
computer aided manufacturing technology. CAD/CAM is proving to be a
valuable image enhancer, production booster and profit generator. Deduce from
the foregoing that the design technology is not easy application process, but at
the same time the need to reach the organization through the use ofeffective tools
to the location in the market by offering products with high quality and design
and low costs. The construction of a CAD / CAM integrated provides a direct
connection between the design and manufacturing processes; the goal of the
system CAD / CAM not only automate certain phases of design and
manufacturing, but also automate the transition from design to manufacturing.
The use of CAD / CAM integrated lead and highly to reduce errors that occurred
during the programming parts on CNC machines as desired program is obtained
automatically through the computer, which was to providehim with the necessary
data for manufacturing. It could be argued that the future carries with it a lot of

PRODUCTS
26
hope in the access to the system CAD / CAM with super specifications and
through the development of communication sciences and microprocessors and
software. As the evolution of science communication will lead to the exchange
of information greatly between people and machines and computers. The second
factor that will lead to improving the role of CAD / CAM is the evolution of
microcomputers and microprocessors, which leads to innovation more
sophisticated machines. In general, can be summed up many benefits to system
CAD / CAM and CNC machines.
REFERENCE
https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/4512/12/12_chapter%202.pd
f
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295490696_A_Review_on_Role_of_
CADCAM_in_Designing_for_Skill_Development
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/2ada/707042d4cff5810c4c1276829e66ef66054
6.pdf
https://partsolutions.com/60-years-of-cad-infographic-the-history-of-cad-since-
1957/
https://www.truelancer.com/portfolio/i-have-done-various-cad-drawings-34615

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