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We show that geochemical parameters could probe such abnormal behaviors, and coupled with isotope logging and modeling, we could optimized the landing by delineating the heterogeneity at foot resolutions.
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Field Development Project : Gelama MerahHami Asma'i
A green field development project located in Sabah Basin comprises the whole upstream field development cycle from geology, reservoir studies to production facilities and economics. The objective is to come out with the best strategy to develop the field starting from our very own effort of reservoir characterization out of log and core data. Under supervision of lecturers, this project was completed as per scheduled.
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Project was assessed by PETRONAS custodians.
bubble-particle collision and attachment and detachment sub processes, implies that certain bubble size distributions have different effects over the flotation rates of coarse and fine particles
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Isotope logging+PVT for unconventional wet gas
1. PVT & ISOTOPE LOGGING
FOR UNCONVENTIONAL WET
GAS & CONDENSATE
ARROWGRAND TECHNOLOGIES, LLC.
POWER ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INST.
SHENG WU
2. WEIRD CHOKE-GOR & POOR LIQUID
RECOVERY
• 1~4MCF/BBL, 300MBO IN 5 YEARS EASY IN CORE AREA
• 5~15MCF/BBL VERY HARD TO MAKE OVER 200MBO IN 5 YEARS --- HURTS GAS
AS WELL WITH DEEPER TVD
1MCF/bbl, EOG
15MCF/bbl, Re
3.3MCF/bbl, Devon, C
3. POSSIBLE CAUSES + EXTRA PAY
• THE RELATIVELY HIGH GOR CAUSES PVT INDUCED GAS AND OIL SEPARATIONS
• PRODUCTION FROM MIXED SEPARATED OIL AND GAS FORMATIONS CONFUSE EACH
OTHER
• SOLUTIONS
• FIND SEPARATED GAS AND OIL POCKETS, AND PRODUCE SEPARATELY
• EXTRA PAY --- STEALTH OIL AND GAS FORMATIONS MISSED BEFORE
• HOW
• MUD GAS ISOTOPE LOGGING TO MEASURE MATURITY, iGOR, PVT SIMULATION TO FIND
• MATCHING WETNESS, C1/C2,C2/C3 SIGNATURES IN HEADSPACE ANALYSIS & ISOTOPE
STAGED ANALSYSIS FURTHER SSID
Fluid Heterogeneity in one lateral
5. δ13C2 VERSUS WETNESS
• TYPE I δ13C2 LIGHTER THAN TYPE II FOR THE SAME WETNESS BEFORE PVT
SEPARATION
• TYPE I δ13C2 ROLLOVER HAPPENS EARLIER IN WETNESS BELOW 5%, δ13C2 ~> -
30‰
• TYPE II δ13C2 ROLLOVER HAPPENS LATER IN WETNESS BELOW 2%, δ13C2 ~ >-
20‰
7. OTHER CONVENTIONAL GAS-FLUID-
MATURITY INDEX
• CORRELATION BETWEEN C1/C2 & GOR DEVIATES
• A RESULT OF PVT, LIKE DEVIATIONS IN δC2-WETNESS
• THE KEY HETEROGEINEITY UNSETTLED IN A LATERAL
• MATURITY HETEROGENEITY IN A LATERAL
• PVT PHASE SEPARATED HETEROGENEITY
8. HOW MGIL+ HELP
W/O MGIL
• MUD GAS LOGGING ONLY
• FAILS TO SHOW WETNESS CHANGES DUE TO SUPPRESSION OF C2+ IN TIGHT ROCKS
• FAILS TO DISTINGUISH DRY GAS CHARGING OR PVT SEPARATION INDUCED GOR CHANGE
• PRODUCED OIL & GAS ONLY
• POST PRODUCTION CANNOT DETAIL WELL HETEROGENEITY NOR GUIDE DRILLING
• NO COMPLETE GOR, NEEDS TO ADD GAS iRO TO ACCOUNT FOR DRY GAS CHARGING/PVT
9. DIMMIT, GONGZALES VERSUS BAKKEN
• EF OIL BELT(DIMMIT, GONZALES ETC) HAS WET OR EVEN GAS ZONE
• EF CONDENSATE BELT (DIMMIT, MCMULLEN,DEWITT) BELLY HAS WET GAS &
OIL ZONE
F,G
10. DIMMIT VERSUS BAKKEN
• DIMMIT F & G ARE VERY CLOSE NEIGHBOR, BIG DIFFERENCE IN
WETNESS,C1/2/3
• DIMMIT F IS 100M SHALLOWER THAN G, BUT CLOSE TO BAKKEN, INSTEAD OF
G OR REST
• DIMMIT F OR IS A PVT SEPARATED OIL WELL --- BASED ISOTOPE SIMILAR iRo
with G
• G also has more oil mixed part than A-E
Zhao20
20 Depth(m) C1% C2% C3% iC4% nC4% iC5% nC5%
δ13C1
‰
δ13C2
‰
δ13C3
‰ C1/C2
iRo
δC23 C1/C3
Wetne
ss
A Dimmit 2303 77 12.7 5.8 0.9 1.8 0.5 0.6 -46 -32.9 -29.3 6.06 1.11 13.28 22.5
B LaSalle 2581 77.9 12.2 5.5 0.9 1.6 0.4 0.4 -47.3 -32.9 -28.9 6.39 1.11 14.16 21.2
C LaSalle 2403 75.3 13 6.4 1 2.1 0.5 0.6 -46.8 -33.7 -29.3 5.79 1.09 11.77 23.9
D Dimmit 2316 79.9 11.5 4.8 0.8 1.4 0.3 0.3 -46.3 -32.9 -28.8 6.95 1.12 16.65 19.3
E LaSalle 2574 77.8 12.2 5.4 0.8 1.7 0.5 0.5 -47.1 -33.4 -29.3 6.38 1.10 14.41 21.3
F Dimmit 2031 58.5 17.9 13.1 2.1 5.5 1.5 1.7 -45.6 -33 -29.3 3.27 1.10 4.47 41.7
G Dimmit 2133 70.4 15.3 8.8 1.3 3.3 0.9 1.1 -47.8 -34.2 -29.8 4.60 1.06 8.00 30.4
Bakken Dunn 3128 52 21 14 5.8 1.6 -47.9-37.5-33.8 2.48 0.95 3.71 44.9
Averag
12. GONGZALES VERSUS BAKKEN
• BLACK OIL WINDOW CLOSE TO BAKKEN MATURITY RO:0.85~0.95
• BUT SOMETIMES MUCH HIGHER GOR LOWER API
• MODEL: SELF-SOURCED SHALE OIL+MIGRATED CHARGE
• THIS MIGRATION MODEL EXPLAINS THE HIGHER GOR IN KARNES TROUGH
13. GONZALES ABNORMAL GOR BY ISOTOPE
• DRY GAS CHARGE EVIDENCE
• δC1 extra heavy --- off the trend line
• Different from PVT induced oil and gas separations
14. EVIDENCE OF PVT IN WETGAS-CONDENSATE
SHALE
• MISMATCH IN GOR AND C1/C2/C3
• 3~7MCF/BBL INITIAL GOR SHOULD HAVE
C1/C2>4
• C1/C2 <4 IS A SIGN OF HETERO-PHASE
PRODUCTION
• 8~18MCF/BBL INITIAL GOR SHOULD HAVE
C1/C2>7
15. CONCLUSIONS
• ISOTOPE-MATURITY-GOR IS A POWERFUL TOOL FOR OIL&GAS DEVELOPMENT
• CORRECT TEMPLATE NEEDED FOR USEFUL APPLICATIONS
• ISOTOPE LOGGING PROVIDE PER FOOT RESOLUTION FOR CHARACTERIZING
HETEROGENEITY
--- BLOCK DELINEATION AND LATERAL LANDING AND DRILLING
--- HELP DRILLING, COMPLETION DESIGN & PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATIONS
Editor's Notes
PVT is a well-known process and tool in modeling oil and gas reservoir and production.
Isotope logging is a less-common method and it in fact could be integrated with PVT, particularly for unconventional oil and gas delopment in the wet gas and condensate window.
Without isotope data and derived maturity and matching original generated GOR, one can not distinguish between Bakken and Dimmit F;
Without isotope logging it will be difficult to discover/distinguish and optimize gas windows in F and oil windows in G
Without isotope data a& derived maturity iRo and matching original generated GOR, one can not distinguish between Bakken and Dimmit F;
Without isotope logging it will be difficult to discover/distinguish and optimize gas windows in F and oil windows in G
Without isotope data a& derived maturity iRo and matching original generated GOR, one can not distinguish between Bakken and Dimmit F;
Without isotope logging it will be difficult to discover/distinguish and optimize gas windows in F and oil windows in G
PSEvidence of Several Charges of Migrated Gas in Austin Chalk, Eagle Ford and Buda Reservoirs on the San Marcos Arch*
Alan S. Kornacki and Kate S. Weissenburger Search and Discovery Article #80715 (2020)**
