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ISOC - IXPs in Africa and Beyond
The document discusses the Internet Society's efforts to promote internet exchange points (IXPs) in Africa and their vital role in improving local internet infrastructure, reducing costs, and enhancing service quality. It highlights the importance of IXPs for various stakeholders, including e-government and educational institutions, while detailing the organization's strategies and projects aimed at developing IXPs. Additionally, the document outlines the challenges and key infrastructure needed for successful IXPs, emphasizing the need for capacity building and community engagement.
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ISOC - IXPs in Africa and Beyond
- 1. www.internetsociety.org IXPs in Africaand Beyond Jane Coffin The Internet Society April 2013 Tunis IXP Workshop
- 2. The Internet Society Agenda • Introduction to the Internet Society • The Role and Effect of IXPs • Formula for Internet Development • ITE in Action
- 3. The Internet Society Global Thought-leader Trusted InternetAdvocate Dedicated TransparentAccessible Authoritative Credible Sharing Consultative Cause-drivenMultistakeholder Open Connecting Independent Responsive Collaborative Experienced
- 4. www.internetsociety.org Our Mission To promotethe open development, evolution, and use of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world.
- 5. The Internet Society TheInternet Society at Work To achieve our mission, the Internet Society: Provides leadership in policy issues Advocates open Internet Standards Promotes Internet technologies that matter Develops Internet infrastructure Undertakes outreach that changes lives Recognizes industry leaders
- 6. The Internet Society GlobalPresence 91 Chapters Worldwide 70000+ Individual Members 146 Organization Members 5 Regional Bureaus 17 Countries with ISOC Offices NORTH AMERICA SOUTH AMERICA EUROPE AFRICA THE MIDDLE EAST ASIA
- 7. The Internet Society Africa25 Chapters | 11,705 members Benin Burundi Cameroon Chad Congo Cote d'Ivoire Dem. Rep. of Congo Gambia Ghana Kenya Liberia Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Niger Nigeria Rwanda Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Togo Tunisia Uganda
- 8. The Internet Society HowWe Work Operating at the intersection of policy, technology, and development allows the Internet Society to be a thought leader on issues key to the Internet’s continued growth and evolution. Technology Development Policy
- 9. The Internet Society OurGlobal and Regional Mission and Achievements Given the complexity, cross-disciplinary, and global nature of the issues we address, the Internet Society advances its work on a cross-organizational, geographically broad basis This allows us to apply a range of knowledge, expertise, and capacities to advance our objectives locally, regionally, and globally By working with a range of partners from non-profit agencies, local and global NGOs, academia, technologists, local councils, federal policy and decision makers, business and more, we want to make sure that the voice, expertise, and imagination of the different communities can continue to develop the Internet
- 10. The Internet Society Regionalization Ourregionalization strategy, spearheaded by our Regional Bureaus, extends the Internet Society's reach, influence, and reputation as a truly global organization by building our local relevance, legitimacy, and credibility, while strengthening our impact at the local level Our Regional Bureaus play a key role in driving a full range of operational activities such as policy, technology, capacity building, membership and business development in a manner tailored to unique local needs. 29 April 201310
- 11. The Internet Society KeyProjects and Priorities in the Regions - 2013 29 April 201311
- 12. www.internetsociety.org The Role andEffect of IXPS 12
- 13. The Internet Society Roleof IXPs 13 • A primary role of an Internet Exchange Point (IXP) is to keep local Internet traffic within local infrastructure and to the reduce costs associated with traffic exchange between networks. • improve the quality of Internet services and drive demand in by reducing delay and improving end-user experience • convenient hub for attracting hosting key Internet infrastructures within countries • Catalyst for overall Internet development • Not limited to commercial ISPs, wide rage network or data service can benefit from participating • E-Gov, Universities, etc.
- 14. The Internet Society IXPsAround the World 14 Source: TeleGeography World IX Map, http://www.internetexchangemap.com/
- 15. The Internet Society Africaand Latin America Leading Annual IXP Growth Rates 15 Source: Kende, M., Report for the Internet Society: How the Internet continues to sustain growth and innovation, October 2012 Data from Packet Clearing House and AnalysysMason estimates
- 16. The Internet Society Measuringthe Benefits and Impacts of IXPs: Kenya and Nigeria Case Study" • Reduced latency increasing performance and driving demand -- Especially for data-heavy applications, including video # • Direct savings on international transit ($1.5M p.a. Kenya, $1M Nigeria)# • Benefits facilitating e-government and education services -- e.g. Kenya Revenue Authority, West African Examination Council # • Catalyzing local hosting and content industry -- Repatriation of financial platforms in Nigeria, Data center investment in Kenya # • Increased mobile data market by an estimated $6 million in Kenya; KIXP is attracting regional traffic#
- 17. The Internet Society BuildingParticipation Incentives Beyond Peering Value 17 Internet Root Servers Mirrors ccTLD / gTLD servers Network Time Servers Network Monitoring Tools Increased quality of service Local service resiliency Getting to peering participation break-even can be a challenge in some markets “Value-added” services and other performance enhancing benefits can provide incentives
- 18. The Internet Society CDNCaches: Localizing International Content" • In addition to creating local hosting, local cashing of Content Delivery Network content is a key opportunity. • Implementation of Google Caches and pops has had an impact on local traffic growth • Localized Google traffic represents more than 50% of traffic exchanged at KIXP and IXPN • CDNs report that the existence of a robust IXP is a key decision factor in decision making on cache/ pop locations EPF-7 Malta 17- 19 Sept, 2012# 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Mar-03 Dec-05 Sep-08 Jun-11 M b it/s 00 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Dec-06 Dec-07 Dec-08 Dec-09 Dec-10 Dec-11 M b it/s IXPN KIXP
- 19. The Internet Society Formulafor Development: What kind of infrastructure is needed for an IXP? 19 Physical Infrastructure Human Infrastructure Governance Infrastructure • Important to think of IXPs beyond the “Boxes and Wires” • 3 types of infrastructure • Physical • Governance • Human • IXP projects are most vulnerable when the key focus is on physical infrastructure • Human infrastructure and capacity building is the key driver of success and sustainability
- 20. The Internet Society PhysicalInfrastructure 20 KIXP – Kenya LIXP – Lesotho IXPs need not be expensive to be effective. The London Internet Exchange, the now the largest IXP in the world, started with 5 members on a donated switch. IXPN - Nigeria
- 21. The Internet Society GovernanceInfrastructure 21 • Not-for-profit, member-driven governance model is most common globally § From small IXPs to some of the largest in the world. For-profit/ commercial IXPs generally limited to exceptionally strong markets. • Neutrality and transparency are key • Including IXP not competing with its members/participants, • Inclusive policies and processes § Encourage NRENs, e-Gov Networks, etc. § Sustain member engagement / development beyond start-up, vision for the future. • Mandatory Multilateral Peering vs Bilateral Peering Policy
- 22. The Internet Society HumanInfrastructure 22 • The most important factor for start-up and sustainability. • Understanding the value proposition • Trust and relationship building is essential • Technical Capacity Building • Both at the network operator/IXP participant level and the IXP operations level. • Building local and regional communities of practice to sustain and grow knowledge. International cooperation. • Reducing the information asymmetry to empower local and international opportunities IXP 80/20: “80% Social Engineering, 20% Technical Engineering”#
- 23. The Internet Society KeepingIXPs in Context… 23 § IXPs can be a catalyst of a robust Internet environment and market. § Many other issues are involved in promoting a robust interconnection and traffic exchange environment in a country / region.# § Barriers and bottlenecks along the service chain are various and challenging:# – Backhaul and Leased Capacity# § More costly to send traffic from Abuja to Lagos, than Lagos to London. Cape Town to Jo’burg similar# – Cross-border connectivity, policy and licensing issues# – International gateways, landing stations# § With falling international capacity prices (including around Africa), there is also opportunity to take advantage of international peering opportunities. # § ISOCs situates its IXP work within the broader interconnection and traffic exchange (ITE) context. #
- 24. Interconnection and TrafficExchange (ITE): Programmes and Projects 24
- 25. The Internet Society Needfor Capacity Building • An IXP benefits from network effects – the more members it has, the more valuable it becomes to join the IXP in order to be able to exchange traffic with the existing members • As a result, a well-run IXP providing such benefits can develop critical mass, becoming home to many or all of the ISPs and content providers in the country, and bringing significant benefits to its members and the surrounding ecosystem 25 Photos: © Internet Society/Shoot the Earth/ Nyani Quarmyne
- 26. The Internet Society Advancingthe Value and Viability of IXPs " Level “0” No IXP Level 1 “Boxes and Wires” Level 2 Core Functionality Level 3 Catalysing Growth Level 4 Thriving, Critical Infrastructure • Not all at the same level of development! • Most current IXPs only between “Level 1 and 2” • We aim to move IXPs “Up the Curve!” EPF-7 Malta 17- 19 Sept, 2012#
- 27. The Internet Society ITE OurInterconnection and Traffic Exchange (ITE) Programme is multifaceted, and aims to address a broad range of challenges related to improving the situation in these countries. Activities under the ITE Programme include: • Assisting universities, government network operators, and ISPs to gain the world- class knowledge and skills needed to build reliable, cost-effective, and interconnected networks, • Assisting the launch of new Internet Exchange Points (IXPs) in developing economies, and helping stakeholders maximize the use of IXPs already in place, • Facilitating multi-stakeholder collaborations on these issues, including initiating and organizing the African Peering and Interconnection Forum (AfPIF) http://www.internetsociety.org/events/african-peering-and-interconnection-forum-afpif) and supporting the Latin American and Caribbean IXP Association (Lac-IX), and • Assisting policy-makers and regulators to develop approaches to expand the Internet and to create a beneficial interconnection and traffic exchange landscape. 27
- 28. The Internet Society Examplesof ITE Work ISOC’s expertise and experience in ITE includes the following (II): • Technical training on the establishment, operation, and administration of IXPs, including providing a training kit, traveling technical laboratory, and relevant follow-up workshops • Studies and Reports Financial/equipment support for the establishment of IXPs • Convener/Facilitator of multi-stakeholder buy-in and cooperation 28
- 29. www.internetsociety.org ITE in Action" a17- 19 Sept, 2012#
- 30. The Internet Society IXPToolkit & Best Practices Project • The Internet Society has been awarded a grant by Google.org to extend its Internet exchange point (IXP) activities in emerging markets. • The grant builds on the Internet Society’s previous efforts and will create a: • Toolkit: Study and methodology to assess IXPs • IXP “Portal” • Training
- 31. The Internet Society ITEin Action: “Lifting Barriers” Study § Follow-on report that focuses on other factors needed to create an “enabling” Internet environment. § More needed to be said – not only IXPs § Timing – global attention § Benefit – shift the focus to multiple factors that contribute to connectivity 31 Photos: © Internet Society/Shoot the Earth/ Nyani Quarmyne
- 32. www.internetsociety.org Africa Peering andInterconnection Forum (AfPIF)" a 17- 19 Sept, 2012#
- 33. The Internet Society AfPIF • The African Peering and Interconnection Forum addresses the key interconnection, peering, and traffic exchange opportunities and challenges on the continent and provides participants with global and regional insights for maximising opportunities that will help grow Internet infrastructure and services in Africa • AfPIF aims to foster national and cross-border interconnection opportunities by providing a forum where key players from infrastructure and service providers, IXPs, regulators and policy makers can engage in a relaxed but business like environment, sharing their experiences and learning from experts in the field • AfPIF – 4: 2013 Date and Location - 3 - 5 September, 2013 - Casablanca, Morocco http://www.internetsociety.org/events/afpif-2013-3-5- september-2013
- 34. The Internet Society AfPIF-3Southern Africa" EPF-7 Malta 17- 19 Sept, 2012# • New format: 3 day event (Day 1 - peering coordinators/Days 2 and 3 - forum discussions) • Operators from Cape-town to Cairo • Theme “Addressing Africa’s Internet Transit Deficit” • Over 200 participants from 33 countries • 11 Sub-Saharan IXPs present
- 35. The Internet Society AfPIF– 3 Major announcements • Agreement between 11 IXPs in Africa to work towards establishing the African IXP Association: “AF-IX”" • Twinning of MOZIX with Netnod under the Euro- IX twinning program" • Partnership between AMSIX and KIXP - IXP in Mombasa" 35 Photos: © Internet Society/Shoot the Earth/ Nyani Quarmyne
- 36. www.internetsociety.org African Internet ExchangeSystem (AXIS)" a 17- 19 Sept, 2012#
- 37. The Internet Society AXIS • The Internet Society has been contracted by the African Union to conduct 60 capacity building workshops in 30 African Union Member States that do not have IXPs (AXIS Phase I) § 30+ Best Practice Workshops and community mobilization § 30+ Technical Aspects workshops (hands-on) • The AXIS project supports the establishment of a continental African internet infrastructure. • The overall AXIS project aims to create an African internet system by setting up: § Internet exchange points in 33 African countries § five regional internet hubs § five regional and three continental internet carriers
- 38. www.internetsociety.org The Internet Society JaneCoffin coffin@isoc.org