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Islamic art and calligraphy
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- 2. ISLAMIC ART • Encompassesthe visual arts produced from the 7th century on wards by people belonging to the Muslim world. • Reflects the beliefs, culture and traditions of Islam. • Does not belong to a particular region & time period. • Spans many different regions, cultures and over a 1000 centuries. • It includes painting, glass, ceramics, woodwork, textile and calligraphy.
- 3. • ARABESQUE • CERAMIC& TILES • TEXTILE • GLASS • METAL-WORK • WOOD • CALLIGRAPHY TYPES OF ISLAMIC ART
- 4. ARABESQUE • Repeating elementsof geometrical floral or vegetal designs. • Consists of a single design which can be intertwined or seamlessly repeated as many times as desired creating an infinite pattern. • Symbolizes the infinite, un centralized nature of God.
- 5. CERAMIC & TILES •Included vases, vessels, plates — both for functional and decorative purposes. • Adorned with Arabesque patterns and inscriptions from the Quran. • Islamic pottery was often influenced by Chinese ceramics. • Tiles were used for decoration of interior and exterior walls and domes of mosques and palaces. • Letters of inscriptions, may be molded in three- dimensional relief
- 6. GLASS, METAL ANDWOOD-WORK • Beautifully adorned with floral motifs and inscriptions from the Quran. • Islamic metalwork consists of practical objects, with elegant surfaces highly decorated with dense Arabesque pattern. • Color is mostly restricted to inlays of gold, silver, copper. • Wood carving were used for functional, architectural and decorational purpose.
- 7. INTRODUCTION TO CALLIGRAPHY •Calligraphy is a visual art related to writing. It is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument, brush, or other writing instruments.
- 8. ISLAMIC CALLIGRAPHY Calligraphy isthe most revered form of Islamic art. It is used to represent God or “the word of God” which is The Quran. ❖ Muslim artists seek to create art by glorifying the words from The Quran. ❖ There are more than 100 style in Islamic calligraphy ❖ It has 6 main style in calligraphy.
- 9. Instrument And MediaUsed in Islamic Calligraphy ▪ The traditional instrument used is Qalam ▪ Some Styles are often written using a metallic-tip pen . ▪ Applied on a wide range of decorative mediums other then paper, Such as tiles, Vessels, Carpets and inscriptions.
- 10. The chief prophetof Islam, Muhammad mentioned in a Hadith (the prophet’s sayings or traditions) and taught disciples how to write the Basmalah properly. From this Hadith, we can assume that the techniques of Islamic calligraphy were developed by the prophet himself. The Basmalah, as described in the Hadith History
- 11. ❖ “Kufic” Koranic scriptsemerged in Medina. These have a stately verticality and regularity that sets them above less carefully written work. ❖ A related script that emerged during the Umayyad caliphate and it is generally, though incorrectly, called Mashq. Mashq means "to stretch out“.
- 12. ❖ The thick,straight, flat Koranic scripts held sway for writing the Koran. They came in many sizes, from quite large to minuscule. A new angular Koranic script emerged.❖ These scripts were swift to write and tailored to specific uses. There were scripts for government documents, dictation, letters, shopping lists, and even pigeon-post.
- 13. ❖ The textis written in the cursive script called naskh, and each verse is separated by a gold six-petalled rose with blue and red dots on its perimeter. ❖ Recitation markers signaling where not to stop recitation (“la” or “no stopping”) are marked in red above the first two verse markers.
- 14. • Noted forits proportional measurements, angularity, and squareness. • One of the earliest styles to be used to record the word of God in the Qur’an. • One of the early kufic inscriptions can be seen inside the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem KUFIC
- 15. VARIATION OF KUFICSTYLES Fayeq Oweis, 2005 Arab American National Museum
- 16. THULUTH • Means “onethird,” referring to the proportion of the pen in relation to a previous style called Tumaar. • It was first formulated in the 7th century A.D., and fully developed in the 9th century. It is noted for its cursive letters and its use as an ornamental script.
- 17. NASAKH • Means “copy”in Arabic, is one of the earliest scripts, redesigned by Ibn Muqlah in the 10th century A.D., using a comprehensive system of proportion. • It is noted for its clarity to read and write, and was used to copy the Qur’an.
- 18. TA’LIQ • Means “hanging,”referring to the shape of the letters, is a cursive script developed by the Persians in the early part of the 9th century A.D., and it is also called Farsi (Persians).
- 19. DIWANI • Diwani wasdeveloped by the Ottomans from the Ta’liq style. • This style became a favorite script for writing in the Ottoman chancellery, and its name was derived from the word “Diwan,” which means the “Royal Court.”
- 20. RIQ’A • Riq’a isa style that has evolved from Nasakh and Thuluth. It is noted for its simplicity and its short horizontal stems. The word Riq’a means “a small sheet,” which could be an indication of the media on which it was originally created.
- 21. TUGHRA’ • Tughra’ wasused by the Ottoman sultans as their signature. It was supposed to be impossible to imitate. Signature of an Ottoman Sultan Basmallah in Tughra’ style
- 22. USE OF CALLIGRAPHYIN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
- 23. 3 BASIC PRIMARY FORM USED IN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE Decorative or beautiful handwriting . Repetition , balance , symmetry and continuous generation of pattern. Biomorphic floral patterns representing the underlying order of nature with accuracy.
- 24. The Qutub Minar JALIwork , NAKSH calligraphy and FLORAL pattern on ALI DARWAZA.
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- 26. Dome of theRock, Jerusalem, Israel Dome of the Rock Arabic Calligraphy on Dome of the Rock
- 27. Morocco's only cylindricalminaret, Moulay Idriss, has kufic calligraphy on it. MOULAY IDRISS
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- 29. MAKING OF KISWAHCLOTH
- 30. CONTEMPORARY USE OFCALLIGRAPHY
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- 32. EVENING GOWN BYFASHION BRAND CHANNEL Marios Schwabs collection in LFWLOUIS VITTION collaboration with EL SEED
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- 39. SHIRIN NESHAT Iranian visualartist uses islamic calligraphy as her weapon to fight the cultural resistance women face.
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