This document summarizes guidelines from the Indian Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ISBMR) on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Some key points: - Osteoporosis prevalence in India ranges from 8-62% in women and 8.5-24.6% in men over 50, with a female to male ratio of fractures around 3:1. - DXA scans are recommended for assessing bone mineral density in those over 60, men over 65, or younger individuals with clinical risk factors. - Screening tools like SCORE and OSTA can help assess osteoporosis risk in Indians. - Treatment includes lifestyle changes, calcium and vitamin D