Isaac Newton was an influential English scientist born in 1642. He developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation, making fundamental contributions to physics. As a young man, Newton attended Trinity College where he began developing calculus and studying optics. After graduating, he continued private research and later rejoined Trinity College to further develop his theories. Newton formulated his three laws of motion and law of universal gravitation, establishing the foundations of classical mechanics.

1. BY:
RAQUEL GUILLEN AND MONICA DE LA CUESTA
4ºC

2. BIOGRAPHY
Isaac Newton was born the 25th of December
of 1642. He was an English physicist and
mathematician who is widely regarded as one
of the most influential scientists of all time
and as a key figure in the scientific
revolution. Isaac Newton came from a family
of farmers but never knew his father,also
named Isaac Newton, who died in october
1642, 3 months before his son was born.

3. Isaac´s mother, Hannah Ayscough remarried Barnabas
Smith, the minister of the church , when he was only
two years old. The young child was then left in the care
os his grandmother Margery at Woolsthorpe.
Basically trated as an orphan, Isaac did not have a
happy childhood.
Upon the death of his stepfather in 1653, Newton lived
with his mother, his grandmother, one half-brother and
two half-sisters.
From shortly after this time Isaac began attending the
free grammar school. However he seems to have
shown little promise in academic work.

4. In June 1661, he was admitted to Trinity
College. In 1665, he discovered the generalised
binomial theorem and began to develop a
mathematical theory that later became
infinitesimal calculus.
Soon after Newton had obtained his degree,
the university temporally closed as a precaution
against the Great plague. Although, he
continue with his private studies at his home for
about 2 years to continue with the
development of his theories. Then he joined
Trinity College to finish the 3 laws.

5. Towards the end of his life, Newton took up
residence at Cranbury Park. Finally, he died in his
sleep in London on 20 March, 1727.

6. ISAAC NEWTON´S LAWS
1.FIRST LAW
KNOWN AS THE LAW OF INERTIA. STATES THAT AN OBJECT AT REST
TENDS TO STAY AT REST AND THAT AN OBJECT IN UNIFORM MOTION
TENDS TO STAY IN UNIFORM MOTION UNLESS THERE IS AN
EXTERNAL FORCE APPLIED UPON THE OBJECT. THIS LAW MEANS
THAT THERE IS EXISTENCE OF REFERENCE FRAMES WHERE
OBJECTS NOT ACTED UPON BY A FORCE MOVE IN UNIFORM
MOTION.

8. THE FIRST AND SECOND LAWS REPRESENT A BREAK IN ARISTOTLE´S
PHYSICS, IN WHICH IT WAS BELIEVED THAT A FORCE WAS
NECESSARY IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN MOTION.
THE SI UNIT OF FORCE IS THE NEWTON, NAMED IN
NEWTON´S HONOUR.
3. THIRD LAW
STATES THAT FOR EVERY ACTION THERE IS AN EQUAL AND
OPPOSITE REACTION. THIS MEAN THAT ANY FORCE EXERTED ONTO
AN OBJECT HAS A COUNTERPART FORCE THAT IS EXERTED IN THE
OPPOSITE DIRECTION BACK ONTO THE FIRST OBJECT. THE OBJECTS
CAN BE DIFFERENT AND CAN HAVE DIFFERENT MASSES.

9. APPLE INCIDENT
THE APPLE INCIDENT WAS AN INCIDENT WHEN SIR ISAAC NEWTON
WAS SITTING BENEATH AN APPLE TREE HAVING A TEA IN 1665 AND
AN APPLE FEEL DOWN RIGHT IN FRONT OF HIM. BECAUSE OF THIS,
NEWTON WAS REALLY FASCINATED AND CURIOUS ABOUT THIS
APPLE. WHY DID THE APPLE FALL DOWN? HOW DID THE APPLE FALL
TO THE GROUND? THESE WERE THE QUESTIONS THAT HE ASKED
HIMSELF. SO DURING HIS STUDIES, HE DISCOVERED THAT GRAVITY
WAS THE THING THAT CAUSED THE APPLE TO FALL DOWN.
ALTHOUGH NO ONE KNOW FOR CERTAIN THE TRUE STORY.

10. THE QUESTION WAS NOT WHETHER GRAVITY EXISTED, BUT
WHETHER IT EXTENDED SO FAR FROM THE EARTH THAT IT COULD
ALSO BE THE FORCE HOLDING THE MOON TO ITS ORBIT. NEWTON
SHOWED THAT IF THE FORCE DECREASED AS THE INVERSE SQUARE
OF THE DISTANCE, ONE COULD INDEED CALCULATE THE MOON´S
ORBITAL PERIOD, AND GET GOOD AGREEMENT. HE GUESSED THE
SAME FORCE WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE OTHER ORBITAL
MOTIONS, AND HENCE NAMED IT UNIVERSAL
GRAVITATION.