Sir Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author. He was born in 1643 in Lincolnshire, England. Newton attended The King's School and later Trinity College, Cambridge. During a closure of the university due to plague, Newton began his private studies at his home, where he developed his theories of calculus, optics, and gravitation. Newton later published works on his laws of motion and universal gravitation, which became the foundations of classical mechanics. He is considered one of the greatest and most influential scientists of all time.