The document discusses the transition from IPv4 to IPv6. It notes that the world's population is growing and more users require internet access, but IPv4 only provides 4.2 billion addresses while IPv6 provides over 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses. It then explains how IPv6 addresses are represented in 128-bit hexadecimal notation and how binary IPv6 addresses can be converted to and compressed in hexadecimal format.

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IPv6
Prepared By
Sai Linn Thu

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Ø The world's population is currently over 7 billion, and it is anticipated to be 8 billion by 2025.
Ø Currently 45% of the world's population are Internet users and this is set to rise. [ ~ 3.5 billion global internet users ]
Ø Many users require multiple IP addresses to cater for personal devices each needing its own IP address.
Ø IPv4 has ~4.2 billion possible IP addresses. [ 32 bits ]
Ø IPv6 ~ over 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses. [ 128 bits ]
CIDR Subnet Number of IPs
/128 1
LAN Segment - /64 18,446,744,073,709,551,616
Residential - /56 4,722,366,482,869,645,213,696
Business - /48 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176
ISP - /32 79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336
/16 5,192,296,858,534,827,628,530,496,329,220,096
/8 1,329,227,995,784,915,872,903,807,060,280,344,576

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IPv6 address [ 128 bits ] – Hexadecimal Notation
0010000000000001000011011011100000000000000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
IPv4 address [ 32 bits ] – Decimal Notation
10101100000100001111111000000001
Binary Hex Binary Hex
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
8
9
a
b
c
d
e
f

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Converting Binary to Hexadecimal
00100000000000010000110110111000101011000001000011111110000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
Step 1 – Break the Binary into 8 blocks of 16 bits ( 8 x 16 bit = 128 bits )
0010000000000001 0000110110111000 1010110000010000 1111111000000001
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
Step 2 – Split each block into 4 segments ( 32 x 4 bit = 128 bits )
0010 0000 0000 0001 0000 1101 1011 1000 1010 1100 0001 0000 1111 1110 0000 0001
0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
Step 3 – Convert to Hexadecimal Value
2 0 0 1 : 0 d b 8 : a c 1 0 : f e 0 1 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0

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Step 2 – Split each block into 4 segments ( 32 x 4 bit = 128 bits )
0010 0000 0000 0001 0000 1101 1011 1000 1000 0101 1010 0011 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0000 0000 0000 1000 1010 0010 1110 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 1010 0101 0010
Step 3 – Convert to Hexadecimal Value
2 0 0 1 : 0 d b 8 : 8 5 a 3 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 8 a 2 e : 0 0 0 0 : 0 a 5 2
Step 2 – Split each block into 4 segments ( 32 x 4 bit = 128 bits )
1111 1110 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
0000 0010 0000 0010 1011 0011 1111 1111 1111 1110 0001 1110 1000 0011 0010 1001
Step 3 – Convert to Hexadecimal Value
f e 8 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 2 0 2 : b 3 f f : f e 1 e : 8 3 2 9

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Zero Compression
2 0 0 1 : 0 d b 8 : 8 5 a 3 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 8 a 2 e : 0 0 0 0 : 0 a 5 2
2 0 0 1 : 0 d b 8 : 8 5 a 3 : : 8 a 2 e : 0 0 0 0 : 0 a 5 2
Zero Suppression
2 0 0 1 : 0 d b 8 : a c 1 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 0 0 0 0 : 8 a 2 e : 0 0 0 0 : 0 a 5 2
2 0 0 1 : d b 8 : a c 1 0 : : 8 a 2 e : 0 : a 5 2

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Zero Compression
fe80 : 0000 : 0000 : 0000 : 0202 : b3ff : fe1e : 8329
fe80 : : 0202 : b3ff : fe1e : 8329
Zero Compression
2001 : 0000 : ac10 : 0000 : 0000 : fe01 : 0db8 : 0000
2001 : 0000 : ac10 : : fe01 : 0db8 : 0000
Zero Suppression
21da : 00d3 : 0000 : 2f3b : 02aa : 0ff0 : fe28 : 9c5a
21da : d3 : 0 : 2f3b : 2aa : ff0 : fe28 : 9c5a
Zero Suppression
2607 : 0fd3 : 0051 : 1002 : 0004 : 30fa : 0000 : 011f
2607 : fd3 : 51 : 1002 : 4 : 30fa : 0 : 11f

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NOTE
There are no broadcast addresses in IPv6.
The functions served by broadcast addresses in IPv4 are served by Multicast in IPv6.

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