Iptv

Contents
+ Fundamentals of Television
+ Basics of TCP/IP architecture
+ What is IPTV
+ IPTV Architecture
+ IPTV Hardware Device
+ IPTV Functioning & Bandwidth
+ IPV Delivery Network
+ IPTV Protocols
+ IPTV Security Aspects
+ IPTV Systems
+ IPTV service providers
+ Digital Rights Management
+ Comparison of IPTV,OTT and Smart TV
TERNA IPTV :Dr.Jyothi Digge 2
10/12/2021

Fundamentals of Television
+ The word Television : Tele+Vision
+ Tele:at a Distance Vision: Viewing
+ Journey from Anolog Tv Digital TV IPTV(Modern Concept)
+ Monochrome  Colour
+ CRT type displayLED,LCDPLASMAQD(quantum Dot)
10/12/2021

Evolution of TV
+ Monochrome: Black
and white. CRT
display
+ Color: RGB primary
and secondary colour
+ LCDLEDPlasma
QD Displays
10/12/2021

Traditional Television Subscription
+ Direct to Home(DTH)
+ Cable Operator
10/12/2021

TCP/IP Protocol
10/12/2021

IPTV (Internet
Protocol
Television )
+ IPTV means, quite simply, getting your TV
fix through your Internet connection.
TV and Multimedia
content in the digital
format.
IP distribution network
IP Viewing devices
10/12/2021

Motivation
+ Why should someone you've never met decide what you can watch on TV and when
you can watch it? but the selection is still quite limited and unless you record
programs in advance, you can only watch them when they're broadcast.
+ Wouldn't it be better TV were more like browsing the Web, so you could pick the
program you wanted to watch whenever and wherever you felt like watching it?
That's one of the promises of IPTV (Internet Protocol Television), which uses
Internet technology to deliver TV programs "on demand."
10/12/2021

IPTV System Architecture
+ The job of an IPTV System is to efficiently transport video,
audio…. signals from a source to a display.
+ Between these two endpoints there must be an IP
network,aswell as video audio encoders to convert content into
streams.
+ Systems also includes a variety of optional equipment such
+ as servers to handleTasks such as playing scheduled video
programs, acting as videoon demand(VoD)
suppliers,controlling. Viewer access,and publishing channel
guides.
10/12/2021

IPTV Architecture…..
10/12/2021

TERNA IPTV :Dr.Jyothi Digge 10/12/2021 11

Functions Of Super-head End
+ The super-head end wing will download and store all the programs that are
broadcast on the national channels of TV on a day to day basis.
+ Then the content of the programs is processed in such a way so that they
can be transmitted over the high-velocity internet links like DSL and FTTH
links.
+ For the distribution of the IPTV channels, the different multicast IP
addresses are used. The super-head end will float the content to the local
office ends by using the multi-program transport stream to the video or data
nodes of the far end.
+ The head end acquires the video from various sources and also uses a
MPEG encoder and media streamer for delivering the data content.
10/12/2021

Role Of Video Serving Office End
+ Thiswillcombineandstorethelocalcontent,videoondemandandadvertising
server withinit.Itcan alsobroadcastthecontentbyusingthewirelessantennaas
wellas thehigh-speedIPlinkstothezonalendoffices.
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Role Of Local Office End
+ The main component at the local end offices is the DSLAM
(digital subscriber line access multiplexer) whose main
task is to merge the data and the telephony services with
the IP video services.
10/12/2021

Subscriber’s End
+ Thiscanbeunderstoodbytheexamplethatiftheend-userwantsthecontentinthe
dataformatthentheDSLmodemisusedtoconverttheIPdataintotheformatthatis
compatiblewiththelaptopordesktop.
+ Toextractthevideocontent,TheSTB(set-topbox)thatmakes itcompatibletobe
usedona TVsetisdeployed.
10/12/2021

Architecture Models
+ First is a centralized architecture model, in this model all
the content is stored at one centralized server and it is a
good solution to deliver small web-series and small VOD
contents.
+ The other one is a distributed architecture model, where
the content is distributed between the various nodes in a
network and distinctive bandwidth is allocated to them as
per the requirement of the network.
10/12/2021

Sources
+ Video can originate from a wide variety of sources in and IPTV
system
+ Video cameras with coax
+ Fire Wire
+ USB or HDMI
+ video onto tape, disk
+ or flash memory cards
+ Video from other devices such as smartphones or computers
with built in USB cameras can also be delivered via IPTV
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10/12/2021

IPTV Hardware (Encoder) + IPTV Streaming Server System
MPEG2/H 264 IPTV Encoder
An IPTV encoder takes the content from the video source, whether it’s
a live recording from a camera or an uncompressed video file from a
digital storage device, and encodes it for distribution over the Internet.
Video encoding involves converting the video file into a format that web
browsers, smartphones and other devices support.
It also often involves compressing the video to a more manageable file
size and quality level, which lowers strain on the hardware and
improves transfer speed.
Once a video is encoded, it’s usually stored on a web server, from which
viewers can tune in and access the video.
10/12/2021

Some features of IPTV encoder
+ Real-time Encoding of many Video Streams
+ NTSC, PAL and SECAM Support
+ Support for MPEG4 and H.264 Video Encoding
+ Multiformat Stream Transcoding
+ Direct Transcoding of Satellite and Cable Feeds
+ Support for Multiple Streaming Servers
+ Web-Based Remote Management
+ Integrated IPTV Delivery Solution
+ Optional Analog MPEG4/H264 Encoding Card /MONO Audio
+ Optional Carrier Capacity
+ Content Time-Shifting*
10/12/2021

IPTV Set top Box(Decoder)
+ IPTV decoder’s role is to receive the content and decode it into a format that your
television or other digital device can play.
+ IPTV decoders prevent piracy and unauthorized viewing of content. Since the video
content is encoded, viewers need to have a compatible decoder in order to decode
the content and watch it using their computer or television.
+ For IPTV on a television, the most common type of decoder is a “set top box” — a
small device that connects to your display and decodes the video content. Like most
IPTV devices, set top boxes can range from inexpensive consumer units to high-end
decoders for enterprises.
10/12/2021

IPTV Set top

Features of IPTV
+ Video-on-Demand,
+ Audio-on-Demand,
+ and Pay-per-View infrastructure.
10/12/2021

How IPTV
works
+ .

IPTV HARDWARE
+ Head end
+ IPTV encoder
+ IPTV switches
+ Server
+ IPTV router
+ IPTV Set top Box
+ Viewing device
10/12/2021

IPTV Bandwidth
+ IPTV with MPEG 2
compression
+ Standard definition-
3.5mbps
+ High
Definition19.3mbps

IPTV Bandwidth
+ The IPTV bandwidth requirement for access link is 4
MBPS per channel for SDTV and 20 MBPS for HDTV per
channel. For a video-on-demand, the bandwidth
requirement is 25 MBPS for high definition video quality.
10/12/2021

How to setup IPTV on iOS using
IPTV Smarters app?
+ IPTV Smarters is one of them most user friendly IPTV
applications that provides your esteemed customers the
facility to watch Live TV, VOD , Series , Catchup and Multi-
Screen on their iOS Devices (Mobiles, iOS Boxes,etc.).
+ Also you have Multi Screen feature which you can watch
up to 4 channels simultaneously.
10/12/2021

IPTV Smarters features
+ Live, Movies, Series & TV
+ Catchup Streaming
+ Multi Screen; you can watch up to 4 channels in same time
+ Support: EPG
+ Parental Control Integrated for each category
+ Built-in powerful player
+ Support: Playing with External Players
+ Attractive & Impressive Layout and More User-Friendly
+ Support: Dynamic language switching
10/12/2021

IPTV Network
+ IPTV uses
+ Unicast
+ Multicast
+ Broadcast

IPTV Protocols
+ Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP): Connecting to multicast stream and
changing from one multicast stream to another.
+ Live TV
+ Real time streaming Protocol:
+ The Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP) is a network control protocol designed for
real-time media files and multimedia servers. This protocol is used for establishing
and controlling media sessions between end points.It controls and connects multi
data delivery sessions for continuous media like video and audio. RTSP is also
known as RFC 2326. HTML or MIME parser can be used in RTSP.
10/12/2021

IPTV streaming,Time shifted streaming
and on the fly streaming
+ a method of transmitting or receiving data (especially video and
audio material) over a computer network as a steady,
continuous flow, allowing playback to start while the rest of the
data is still being received.
+ Time Shift feature provides users with the ability to record a
stream of the current IPTV channel in order to listen to / watch
the recording afterward. TimeShift recording is saved to the
STB local storage known as a memory buffer.
+ On the fly refers to live streaming without latency using
intelligent algorithm.
10/12/2021

Time shifted channel
+ Time shifted channel refers to TV channel which is
carrying time delayed progrms of its parent channel.
+ Requirement is that parent channel has to be present
10/12/2021

Does IPTV uses machine learning?
+ Machine learning can be paired with artificial intelligence
and natural language processing to not only improve the
relevance of recommendations made by IPTV services but
the way in which users interact with them.
10/12/2021

Logistic regression

Logistic regression….
+ Logistic regression is a machine learning algorithm for classification. In this
algorithm, the probabilities describing the possible outcomes of a single trial
are modelled using a logistic function.
+ Advantages: Logistic regression is designed for this purpose (classification),
and is most useful for understanding the influence of several independent
variables on a single outcome variable.
+ Disadvantages: Works only when the predicted variable is binary, assumes
all predictors are independent of each other and assumes data is free of
missing values.
10/12/2021

K- Nearest
neighbour
algorithm
-Nearest Neighbour is one of the simplest Machine Learning
algorithms based on Supervised Learning technique.
K-NN algorithm assumes the similarity between the new
case/data and available cases and put the new case into the
category that is most similar to the available categories.
K-NN algorithm stores all the available data and classifies a
new data point based on the similarity. This means when
new data appears then it can be easily classified into a well
suite category by using K- NN algorithm.
K-NN algorithm can be used for Regression as well as for
Classification but mostly it is used for the Classification
problems.
K-NN is a non-parametric algorithm, which means it does not
make any assumption on underlying data.

Support Vector
Machine
Algorithm
+ Support Vector Machine or
SVM is one of the most popular
Supervised Learning
algorithms, which is used for
Classification as well as
Regression problems.
However, primarily, it is used
for Classification problems in
Machine Learning

Naïve Bayes Algorithm
+ Definition: Naive Bayes algorithm based on Bayes’ theorem
with the assumption of independence between every pair of
features. Naive Bayes classifiers work well in many real-world
situations such as document classification and spam filtering.
+ Advantages: This algorithm requires a small amount of training
data to estimate the necessary parameters. Naive Bayes
classifiers are extremely fast compared to more sophisticated
methods.
+ Disadvantages: Naive Bayes is is known to be a bad estimator.
10/12/2021

Decision Tree
+ Definition: Given a data of attributes together with its classes, a
decision tree produces a sequence of rules that can be used to
classify the data.
+ Advantages: Decision Tree is simple to understand and
visualise, requires little data preparation, and can handle both
numerical and categorical data.
+ Disadvantages: Decision tree can create complex trees that do
not generalise well, and decision trees can be unstable
because small variations in the data might result in a
completely different tree being generated.
10/12/2021

Random Forest
+ Definition: Random forest classifier is a meta-estimator that fits
a number of decision trees on various sub-samples of datasets
and uses average to improve the predictive accuracy of the
model and controls over-fitting. The sub-sample size is always
the same as the original input sample size but the samples are
drawn with replacement.
+ Advantages: Reduction in over-fitting and random forest
classifier is more accurate than decision trees in most cases.
+ Disadvantages: Slow real time prediction, difficult to implement,
and complex algorithm.
10/12/2021

Support Vector Machine
+ Definition: Random forest classifier is a meta-estimator that fits a
number of decision trees on various sub-samples of datasets and
uses average to improve the predictive accuracy of the model and
controls over-fitting. The sub-sample size is always the same as the
original input sample size but the samples are drawn with
replacement.
+ Advantages: Reduction in over-fitting and random forest classifier is
more accurate than decision trees in most cases.
+ Disadvantages: Slow real time prediction, difficult to implement, and
complex algorithm.
10/12/2021

IPTV Network Security
+ A complete end-to-end security analysis of an IPTV system is
an enormous task, and one that is ultimately unique to a
particular service.
+ IPTV consists of much more than television over Internet
Protocol (IP), for example it contains “last kilometre” IP delivery,
efficiencies in the head-end data centre, storage, metropolitan
and wide-area network. End-to-end IPTV security therefore
consists of multiple network sub-systems along a distribution
+ At each step, each network along the delivery chain contains
security or content protection issues
10/12/2021

Five Types of Assets
+ Content assets, which reside on transit networks controlled by IPTV businesses
along the distribution chain, on networks owned by the IPTV consumer and on the
IPTV terminal device.
+ Network assets, which are networks operated by entities along the distribution chain,
and the home network of the residential consumer.
+ Service assets, which support network services and IPTV applications.
+ Terminal assets, which the residential consumer uses to process and store content
works and other information related to the IPTV service.
+ Subscriber assets, which consist of information about the subscriber, the subscriber
household, and their IPTV transactions that are processed at multiple points along
the IPTV delivery chain.
10/12/2021

Important definition
+ An “asset” is defined to be data or a service resource in the distribution chain. There
are different types of risks associated with each asset.
+ A “risk” is an attack on an asset that only jeopardizes the asset if the risk is exploited
through an “attack.”
+ The exploitation of a risk in an attack is called a “threat”.
+ A “passive attack” is one in which the attacker merely gains access to the asset.
+ In an “active attack,” the attacker is able to alter, manipulate, route, or otherwise
actively change the asset.
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Risk to assets (Threats)
10/12/2021
ASSET RISK
Content Work Theft of content
Denial of service
Network Theft of service
Unauthorized access or modification of messages
Denial of service
Terminal Unauthorized relocation or use
Unauthorized access
Circumvention of protection mechanisms
Denial of service
Subscriber Theft of subscriber or transaction information
Unauthorized modification of information

Who Threatens
the Assets?
+ Ultimately, an Asset, Risks and
Threats analysis classifies and
lists the potential attacks on
service and information assets.
As part of this analysis, it is
useful to consider who is in a
position to attack an asset in a
particular way and with a
particular likelihood.
SOURCE DESCRIPTION MOTIVATION
Cracker Personwithskillandopportunityto
threatenanAsset
Personalfame,revenge,ideological
predilection
Professional UnlawfulresellerofanAsset Gainfromcrime
Insider Personemployedbysupplieroroperator
whothreatensanAsset
Gainfromorganizedcrime,revenge,
desiretohurtemployerorhelp
competitor,personalfameorideological
predilection
Consumer Personinaresidentialhouseholdwho
usesanAssetinanunauthorizedmanner
Freeserviceaccessorunauthorizeduseof
acontentwork

Counter measures
+ Security and Protection Mechanisms Content security” offers a higher-level of
protection for content works than “content protection”, which lacks policies to
ensure physical security of end systems.
+ Use Trained Prfoessionals motivated to follow security procedures, and
auditable processes that find and correct vulnerabilities
+ Such security mechanisms and procedures offer a higher level of security
than the content protection mechanisms found on customers’ terminals
+ These mechanisms and procedures can be implemented on distributors and
producers networks but not in the consumer’s home
10/12/2021

+ Strong identity and authentication. A state of the art public key
infrastructure can be maintained within a single enterprise or
between enterprises that uses at least 2048-bit keys that are securely
provisioned on end systems and managed by a certifiably secure
credential system
+ Physical security of end systems. Servers, caches, hosts and other
end systems that store plaintext content works or keys to encrypted
content works will be in a room or closet that has restricted access to
only authorized maintenance personnel.
+ Documented and auditable security procedures. Personnel who
manage the content security system will follow documented security
guidelines for access and use of the systems that process plaintext
content works or keys to encrypted content works.
10/12/2021

Conti…..
+ Integrity protection of files and streams. All content works will be
uniquely identified in plaintext format by a strong integrity protection
system that is at least as strong as the SHA-256 algorithm.
+ Encryption of files and streams. The system should be capable of
handling encrypted versions of any plaintext content work in the form
of a file of stream. An obvious exception to this mandate is the case
where content works are not encrypted as a matter of policy.
+ Selectable level of security. The system should be robust enough to
handle plaintext or encrypted formats of content works, with
replaceable algorithms and key sizes. The content security system
should easily accommodate content protection mechanisms such as
watermarking and other types of steganography.
10/12/2021

Advantages
10/12/2021
+ IPTV provides significant advantages. Integration of
television with other high speed network such as VoIP and
high speed access.
+ VOD services commerce, Cheaper as comparedto cable
television.
+ Live streaming.
+ Switched IPTV facilitates more content delivery as
compared to traditional TV or satellite TV

Limitations
+ IPTV is sensitive to packet loss and delay
+ Strict adherence to the network speed.To transmit the
number of frames/second.
+ Reduction in bandwidth will effect the quality of service
especially incase of moving pictures.
10/12/2021

IPTV Economics
+ Subscription
+ Pay per view
+ Advertising
+ T commerce
10/12/2021

IPTV
providers
in India
+ BSNL
+ MTNL
+ AIRTEL
+ RELIANCE IPTV
+ Jio FIBER IPTV

World wide IPTV software
providers
+ ALCATEL
+ MICROSOFT
+ ORCA INTERFACE
+ SIEMENS
+ VIDEO FURNACE
10/12/2021

Applications of IPTV
+ Educational institute
+ Home,offices: Personalised services
+ Emergency services in hospitals,Buildings etc.
+ Digital audio broadcasting,video,Multimedia
+ T commerce
10/12/2021

Over the top Service
+ Content delivery over the internet .VOD
+ Does not require cable, Satellite connection, or Television
+ In turn, users can consume content on multiple devices
such as tablets, TVs, phones, and streaming devices like
Chromecast or Roku. Users can stream content on-
demand or tune into live streaming broadcasts.
+ Example: Netflix,Disney+,You tube
+ Without downloading one can watch live video
10/12/2021

What’s the Difference between OTT
and IPTV
+ OTT is viewed on public network.Less security.
+ IPTV is viewed on private network. LAN,WAN…
+ OTT is slower as compared to IPTV
10/12/2021

Smart Tv and Smart TV set-top box
+ Smart TV is self contatined.
+ Usey our old TV and connect det-top box such as
+ ROKU.Apple TV,Amazon Fire Tv,Nvidia Shield
+ Simply attach Android STB
10/12/2021

Summary
+ In this lecture we have learnt technology revolution from
Traditional CRT monochrome TV  IPTV SMART TV
+ Different hardwares,softwares and network configurations
to enable IPTV,OTT and Smart TV have been discussed.
+ Security aspects at subscribers end, Hardware and
software have been delt
+ Students are motivated to start their own IPTV service or
develop an App for IPTV or Smart TV
10/12/2021

10/12/2021

Iptv

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